Salam Leaf Research Articles

The Difference of Antioxidants Activity between Methanol Extract and Ethanol Extract of Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wigh) Walp) USED DPPH Method (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)

Antioxidant are compounds that can inhibit oxidant by reacting with reactive of free radicals to form non reactive free radicals that was relatively stable. One of the natural antioxidants derived from plants is salam leaf. Salam leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wigh) Walp) has the chemical content of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids and tannin its efficacious is as antioxidants. The aims of this research is to determine whether there is a reaction on antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and methanol extract of salam leaves, as well as to know whether there is a difference of antioxidants activity between the ethanol extract and methanol extract. The extraction of salam leaves is done by maceration method using liquid extraction 70% ethanol and methanol. The ethanol extract and methanol extract of salam leaves is made by the concentration 0,06%; 0,08%; 0,10%; 0,12%; 0,16% and its antioxidants power is being tested with DPPH. The antioxidants activity is determined by DPPH method with spectrofotometry UV-Vis till gets value EC50. This value EC50 is reached through the linear regression equation which states the relationship between the concentration of test solution (x) with the antioxidant activity (y) of a series of replicate measurements. The quantitative test results show that the average value EC50 for the ethanol extract of salam leaves is 14,2168 µg/ml and methanol extract of salam leaves is 12,4338 µg/ml. From the test results of “t” test in EC50 shows significant value 0,188 > 0,05 difference between ethanol extract (α value) which means that there is no significant difference between ethanol extract and methanol extract of salam leaves.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA RANOEYA MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN CEMILAN CHURROS DAUN SALAM (SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM WIGHT) BAGI PENDERITA DIABETES DI KECAMATAN WAWOTOBI KABUPATEN KONAWE

Salam leaf is one of the herbal plants that contains several compounds that effectively reduce blood glucose levels, namely saponins, tannins, phenolics and flavonoids. Empirically, the leaves of salamka are used by the Ranoeya Village community as an additional ingredient to add flavor to dishes. Community service activities of LPPM Politeknik Bina Husada and Halu Oleo University as a community empowerment in the context of utilizing bay leaves as snacks for diabetics in Wawotobi District. The potential development of churros snacks as an alternative food has the opportunity to be a very good snack for health that can be consumed by all ages. The method of the activity was carried out by training the making of churros to the Ranoeya village community of 25 people. The activity started from harvesting, wet sorting, dry sorting, drying, cutting and pulverizing bay leaves. Bay leaves were prepared with various concentrations, namely FI (1 g), FII (3 g), and FIII (5 g) and organoleptic evaluation was carried out including color, odor, taste and shape of the preparation. The results showed that Ranoeya villagers were very enthusiastic in participating in this activity. Organoleptic test results showed churros in formula FI were yellow, FII were greenish yellow and FIII were brownish green. The aroma test showed FI, FII and FIII had a distinctive aroma of milk vanilla flavor. The results of the taste test on F1 churros taste in general. F2 has a slightly concentrated bay leaf flavor, F3 has a concentrated bay leaf flavor. The taste test on F1 has the taste of churros in general, F2 is slightly concentrated, and F3 is concentrated. Hardness test on F1, F2 and F3 have good texture. The favorability test showed churros in F1 (90%), B (7%), C (3%). The results showed that Salam leaves can be formulated in the form of churros snacks and can be utilized as a healthy snack for diabetics in Ranoeya Village, Wawotobi District, Konawe Regency

The Effect of Surfactant Formulation and Salam Leaf Extract (Syzygium Polyanthum) on The Durability of Soybean Oil

The antioxidants in salam leaf extract have polar properties that affect their effectiveness in oil, thus requiring a surfactant to enhance dispersion. This study aims to investigate the impact of surfactant addition on the dispersion of salam leaf extract antioxidants in soybean oil based on iodine value and free fatty acids. The research involved extracting salam leaves and determining the best formulation with a combination of salam leaf extract and sorbitan monooleate surfactant based on antioxidant activity. The best formulation was then blended into soybean oil, which was subsequently heated discontinuously for 12 hours. The results indicated that the treatment observed based on its antioxidant activity is 0.8% salam leaf extract and 1% Sorbitan monooleate surfactant with IC50 antioxidant activity of 105.4712 ppm and which belongs to the medium category. The analysis were then performed for this treatment in heating I to heating IV iodine number (102.95gI2/100g, 102.38gI2/100g, 102.14gI2/100g, and 101.23gI2/100g respectively) and the free fatty acid (0.0633%, 0.0652%, 0.1163%, and 0.1743%, respectively). The effectiveness of salam leaf extract based on iodine number, peroxide number, and free fatty acid parameters showed that the treatment with the addition of salam leaf extract combined with sorbitan monooleate surfactant gave better results than without the addition of sorbitan monooleate surfactant.

Potential Plants With Antidiabetic Activity In Glut-4 Translocation: A Narrative Review

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by decreased activity of the pancreas in producing insulin. Insulin resistance is characterized by decreased synthesis and translocation of GLUT-4 to cell membranes, GLUT-4 can be found in several tissues, but mainly in muscle and adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to identify plants that have antidiabetic activity in Glut-4 translocation and further can be used as reference material in research. This research method is Article Review, by searching for articles published in 2013-2023 in the Pubmed, Google Scholar, Proquest, Springer Link, and Science Direct databases. The sample in this study was in the form of research articles that met the inclusion criteria and obtained a total of 15 articles. The results of this study showed that there was significant antidiabetic activity from the administration of Ethanol Extract on 125 mg/kg BW of Salam Leaf, 200 mg/kg BW of Areca Nut, 200 mg/kg of Papaya Seed, 96 mg/kg of Black Cumin, Combination of Sambiloto Leaf and Gotu kola leaves 300 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW of Adem Ati Bark, 100 mg/kg BW of Artemisia Leaf, 250 mg/kg BW of Coffee Beans, 200 mg/kg BW of Tapak Dara Leaves, 300 mg/kg BW of Puguntano Leaves, 50 mg/kg BW of Ginger, and 200 mg/kg BW of Cinnamon. These plant extracts have antidiabetic activity as GLUT4 translocates to the plasma membrane of muscle cells. The bioactive compounds contained in them which act as antidiabetic activity are flavonoids, saponins and tannins.

Edukasi Penggunaan Obat Tradisional Pada Terapi Penyakit Degeneratif di Kelurahan Magersari Magelang

Based on Riskesdas 2018, there are still many Indonesians who use traditional medicine. Organizations such as PKK (Family Welfare Development), can play a role and be more effective in socializing knowledge and utilization of medicinal plants. We use a method where participants take an active role in the activity so that the objectives of the activity will be easier to obtain. The activity was carried out in several stages, namely counseling and training on the use of medicinal plants. The training on the use of medicinal plants is in the form of training on the use of medicinal plants, namely a combination of Trigonella, Cinnamon, Green Tea and Salam Leaf which has the property of lowering blood glucose levels. From this activity, participants gain knowledge and skills about various types of medicinal plants and how to use medicinal plants and their processing

Effect of Drying Time and Temperature to the Chemical Properties and Enzymatic Activities Related to the β-ocimene Production in Syzygium polyanthum Leaves

As a key volatile compound, the β-ocimene volatile compound in Salam leaves may change due to processing. Thus, this study aims to examine the effect of the drying process on the water activity, pH, total soluble protein values, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, geranyl diphosphate synthase, and monoterpene synthase enzyme activities, and total β-ocimene due to variations in drying time (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days) and temperature (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). The results showed that all parameters significantly decreased day by day, especially at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, for the temperatures of 40 and 50 °C, the enzyme activity parameters were increased until the 1st drying day. The drying process with a temperature of 40 °C gives the highest value of β-ocimene, reaching 139.62 µg/mL Salam leaves essential oil. These results were entirely satisfactory, and research conditions can be a reference for 4 days drying process of Salam leaves. HIGHLIGHTS Salam leaves are one of the essential spices in Indonesian cuisine. Its potential is as a source of fresh aroma due to β-ocimene in its essential oil. The drying of Salam leaves before cooking has not been widely studied So, the contents of this research are scientific data and analysis results about the effect of the drying process on chemical parameters and enzyme activity related to the production of volatile β-ocimene production in Salam leaves The conclusion can prove the effects of the drying process on Salam leaves’ aroma function. This research is a continuation of research on the mechanism pathway of β-ocimene production. The study’s whole end goal is to support the use and industry of Salam leaf essential oil GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Pengaruh ekstrak daun salam (Eugenia polyantha, weight.) sebagai alternatif mempertahankan kualitas daging

One of the good sources of animal protein comes from meat because it contains various kinds of nutrients needed by the body including protein, carbohydrates, water, vitamins, fats and various essential amino acids. The presence of high nutritional value in meat can also be utilized by various microorganisms to grow so that it can reduce the quality of meat. Some of these microorganisms can be transmitted to humans and cause disease or also known as zoonotic diseases. One way to prevent the growth of microorganisms in meat is by preserving meat using natural ingredients that can come from plants. One of the plants that has the potential to inhibit bacterial growth is Salam leaves (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.). The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the content in Salam Leaves (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.) and to determine the effect of giving Salam Leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.) to early decay, pH value and Total Bacterial Colony. The study began with the collection of Salam leaves (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.) and then the extract was made. The extract obtained was then diluted and stored. The research was continued by taking meat samples from the Traditional Market in Surabaya and then cut into uniform sizes and soaked in Salam leaf extract with different concentrations. After incubation, the meat quality was tested for the beginning of spoilage, pH value and total bacterial colonies. The results of the observations showed that the best results were found in the P4 treatment with an extract concentration of 20%. This result is indicated by the lack of fog formed in the initial spoilage test, the pH value is close to the ultimate pH of the meat and a low total bacterial colony.

Efficiency of Salam Leaf (Syzygium Potyanthum) Extract on Death of Aedes aegypti Mosquito

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of dengue fever in Indonesia. Control using synthetic chemical insecticides has a bad impact. Vegetable insecticides from salam leaf extract are a solution to reduce the negative impact of synthetic chemical insecticides. the aim of this study is To determine the efficacy of salam leaf extracts against the death of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This research was carried out experimentally with the Post-test design with a control group (Post Test Only Control Group), namely, the experimental group receive treatment or intervention (X) followed by a second measurement or observation (O2), with the study population being all Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which were bred in the Laboratory and Workshop of the Environmental Health Department of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health of Aceh. The results of the efficacy test of salam leaf ethanol extract by spraying obtained LC 50 = 69.103% and LC 90 = 299.972%, by fogging LC 50 = 43.937% and LC 90 = 311.879%. Salam leaves are very effective, the efficacy of Aedes aegypti mosquito mortality is carried out by spray or fogging at a concentration of 90 LC. It is hoped that the results of this study can be applied in the community for efforts to eradicate Aedes aegypti mosquitoes by using vegetable insecticides that can reduce the effects of synthetic chemicals.

The Identification of β-Ocimene Biosynthetic Pathway Through Mevalonate Acid (MVA) and 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose 5-Phosphate (DXP) Pathways Using Crude Enzyme Extracts in Indonesian Bay Leaf/Salam Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum).

Salam leaf has a β-ocimene as a key volatile compound that gives a fresh aroma to the food when the salam leaves are involved in the cooking process. As a secondary metabolic product, enzymatic biosynthesis as the early stage of β-ocimene is a factor that needs to be known. Thus, this study was done to identify the mechanism of the two well-known terpenoid biosynthetic pathways, namely Mevalonate Acid (MVA) and 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose 5-Phosphate (DXP) pathways, in the biosynthesis of β-ocimene in salam leaves. The activity of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR)-MVA pathway-determining enzyme and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS)-DXP pathway-determining enzyme in the crude enzyme and their derivative products of salam leaves were analysed for their changes by differences of substrate ratios and enzyme inhibitors. The results showed that the activity of the HMGR enzyme was lower significantly than the DXS enzyme based on the addition of variations to the substrate ratio. These results were also supported by the enzyme and substrate reaction products, MVA and Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) intermediates from the MVA pathway, which were significantly lower when compared to DXP and IPP intermediates from the DXP pathway. As the end product of the reaction, β-ocimene gave a significantly higher value of the DXP pathway than the MVA pathway. Therefore, it can conclude that the mechanism of the biosynthetic pathway of β-ocimene in salam leaves was synthesised via the DXP pathway. The production of β-ocimene could have crosstalk-pathway through the MVA pathway, especially when the DXP pathway was blocked.

The Effectiveness of Gargling with Salam Leaf Boiled Water Reducing Plaque Score

Background: Health is the most important part in human life. Plaque is a soft deposit, which is firmly attached to the surface of the teeth. Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) which contain active compounds such as tannins, flavonoids and essential oils that can inhibit bacterial growth. Title: The Effectiveness of Gargling with Bay Leaf Decoction on Decreasing Plaque Score in Adults in Sukabangun 1 RT 19 Sukarami District. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of gargling boiled water with bay leaves on reducing plaque scores. Methods: this study uses a quasi- experimental research method (quasi-experimental). Respondents: adults in Sukabangun 1 RT 19, Sukarami District. Results: The results of the One Way Annova statistical test on plaque index examination before gargling with boiled water, 1 hour after, and 2 hours after with good, moderate, and bad criteria, obtained a P-value of 0.010 which means significant, meaning for gargling water Salam leaf decoction with PHP can reduce plaque scores. Conclusions: 1. The average plaque index before gargling with bay leaf boiled water was 3.09 (Medium) 2. The average decrease in plaque index after gargling was 2.45 (Medium) 3. The effectiveness of bay leaf decoction is able to reduce plaque scores in the treatment before rinsing and after rinsing, this is evidenced by the decrease in plaque scores and the One Way Annova statistical test.

The Effect of the Administration of Salam Leaf Ethanol Extract on IL-6 and IL-4 on Benzene-Induced Brain Networks of Rats

Benzene is poisonous to the human body and has been linked to neuro-toxic and neurodegenerative illnesses. Bay leaf is extremely safe to consume because it has been shown in experimental animals to have no toxic, teratogenic, or genotoxic effects and to have a strong antioxidant effect. The purpose of this study is to assess the neuroprotective impact of an ethanolic extract of bay leaf on rats exposed to benzene. The study was divided into 11 groups: group 1 was assigned to a control condition, groups 2 and 3 were assigned to negative controls, groups 4 and 5 were assigned to positive controls, and groups 6-11 were assigned to receive an ethanol extract of bay leaf. For 21 days, benzene was injected intraperitoneally every three and six days and the extract was delivered orally. On day 22, rats were sedated and their brains were collected and examined for IL-4 and IL-6 levels using an Elisa kit and a 450 nm microplate reader. The results indicated that the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 increased statistically substantially in rats given just benzene (p0.05), whereas they decreased in animals given the highest extract, 800 mg/kg BW. The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were not statistically significantly different from those in the normal group (p>0.05). Thus, it can be inferred that the ethanolic extract of bay leaves has a neuroprotective effect due to the presence of flavonoids that contribute to the prevention of inflammation caused by benzene exposure.

The Effect of Salam Leaf Ethanol Extract on the Histopathology of Doxorubicin-Induced Rats and its Effectiveness in Protecting the Heart Compared with Positive Control (Vitamin E)

This study aims to determine the effect of bay leaf ethanol extract on the histopathological picture of the kidneys of rats induced by doxorubicin. To determine the administration of bay leaf ethanol extract is more effective in protecting the heart than the positive control (Vitamin E). The bay leaves used were obtained from the Harjosari II Medan Amplas area of Medan city. The independent variable in this study was Salam Leaf Ethanol Extract, while the dependent variable was kidney histopathology. This research was conducted at the Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra. The results showed that the administration of vitamin E together with doxorubicin showed a better renal histopathological picture. Vitamin E as a basic antioxidant is able to reduce the damage caused by doxorubicin which is seen in the absence of widening in the Bowman capsule.

Effectiveness between Salam Leaf Booking Water and Red Ginger Towards Reducing Acid Levels in Patients of Gout Arthritis

Background. The prevalence of Gout Arthritis in the world is 34.2%. Gout Arthritis is characterized by an increase in uric acid levels >7.2 mg/dl in men and >6 mg/dl in women. This disease can be treated pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically, one of which is bay leaf and red ginger. Research purposes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of boiled water of bay leaves and red ginger on reducing uric acid levels in patients with gout arthritis. Methods. This research method is a pre-experimental static-group comparison design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. A sample of 60 respondents was divided into two groups of 30 respondents each, group A intervention boiled bay leaf water for 7 days, group B intervention boiled red ginger water for 7 days. Both groups were observed uric acid levels before and after the procedure using the GCU tool. Result: The results of the paired t-test analysis of group A p = 0.000 and group B p = 0.005 p value <0.05 which means there is a difference between before and after intervention A and intervention B were given. The results of the Independent t-test analysis showed that there was a difference in uric acid levels. after intervention A and intervention B with p = 0.004. The results showed that boiled water of bay leaves was more effective than boiled water of red ginger in reducing uric acid levels. Conclusion. Boiled water of bay leaves is more effective than boiled water of red ginger in reducing uric acid levels in gout arthritis patients

Optimizing antioxidant properties of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) leaf extract through nanoencapsulation technology

Nanoencapsulation preparation was carried out to optimize the antioxidant properties of salam leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum). The ionic gelation method was used in the process of making nanoencapsulation with chitosan and Sodium Trypolypospat (STPP) as a coating material. The parameters observed included the antioxidant activity of salam leaf extract and the characteristics of the nanoencapsulation of salam leaf extract. NSLE characterization was measured, such as particle size, zeta potential (using Particle Size Analyzer), and nanoparticle morphology (using Transmission Electron Microscopy). Descriptive analysis was used to discuss the results obtained which are equipped with tables and figures. The results showed that the optimum formulation of NSLE was the ratio of extract nanoencapsulation: chitosan: STPP was 1: 4: 1/90. The antioxidant activity of the salam leaf extract was 68.55%, then the measured NSLE particle size was 478.3 nm with a Polydispersity Index (PI) of 0.52 and a measured zeta potential value of + 42.3 mV. NSLE particle morphology looks round with a rough surface. Characterization of NSLE has the potential to protect bioactive compounds so that they can optimize the performance of antioxidant activity.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Serbuk Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai Repellent Kecoa (Periplaneta americana)

Cockroaches are vectors that can transform some pathogenic microorganisms that causing di-seases in humans. The use of synthetic chemical insecticides for vector control has proven ef-fective, but they have negative impact for human health and the environment. One alternative for environmentally friendly insecticides is Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) leaves that contain essen-tial oils (citral and eugenol), flavonoids, and tannins. The active ingredients are decomposable and also safe for health. This study was aimed to knowing the most effective Salam leaf powder weight as repellent for cockroach (Periplaneta americana). The study was a quasi experiment with post test only with control group design and was conducted in May-June 2018. The number of cockroaches used was 240, all with same size. The cockroaches were exposed to three di-fferent weight of Salam leaves powder, i.e. 7 grams, 8 grams and 9 grams, and control. The cockroaches were observed every 10 minutes in three times (30 minutes) every 3 hours in the duration of 9 hours. The results show that the 7 grams leaves poweder has protection power of 56,5%; the 8 grams has protection power of 78%; and the 9 grams has protection power of 81,5%, and the control is 30%. The most effective variation for repelling cockroaches is 9 grams.

Relationship Between Triglycerides And Glucose Index (TyG) And Lipid Profile In Patients With Dyslipidemia Treated With Bay Leaf Extract [Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp

Background: Insulin Resistance (IR) causes a metabolic disorder including hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship of Triglycerides and Glucose Index (Tyg) decline relationship with lipid profile after bay leaf extract treatment in dyslipidemia patients. Method: Fifteen dyslipidemia patients were administered 2x200 mg salam leaf extract capsules for 30 days. Criteria dyslipidemia is defined as one of the following: total cholesterol level ≥ 240 mg/dL, triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol levels ≥140 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL, or the use of lipid-lowering drugs. Blood samples lipid profile for biochemical tests were drawn in the morning after fasting 12 h. Anthropometric BMI and waist circumference measures were taken using standard procedures. The TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated by dividing the serum concentration of TG by HDL-C measured in mg/dL. TyG index was calculated based on formula: Ln [TG (mg/dL) x FG (mg/dL). Result: After 30 days of salam leaf extract treatment, there was a significant correlation of TyG reduction with parameters TC, LDL-C, TG, TG/HD ratio (p: 0.025*, p: 0.001*, p: 0.013*, sequentially) Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between Tyg reduction with TC, TG, and TG/HDL, which leads to a decrease in cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemia patients.

The Relationship Between Lipoprotein (A) And Lipid Profile In Patients Treated With Bay Leaf Extract [Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp] In Patients Dyslipidemia

Background: Increased Lp(a) accelerates atherosclerosis by means of cholesterol deposits in tunica. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship of decreased Lp(a) with lipid profile in patients with dyslipidemia given bay leaf extract [syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp] treatment. Method: Thirty subjects were divided into 2 groups: group I received salam leaf extract therapy 2 x 200 mg and group II received salam leaf extract therapy 2 x 300 mg per day capsules for 30 days randomly selected and double blind. Examination of Lp(a), total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG before and after research. The manufacture of bay leaf extract is done by maseration, the extraction process using ethanol 70%, then the extract is inserted in the capsule. Result: In groups I and II there were significant differences in variable Lp(a) and lipid profiles after treatment except HDL-C. There is a significant correlation between Lp(a) and LDL at salam leaf extract therapy doses of 2x200 mg per day. Conclusion: Decrease in Lp(a) is significantly correlated with decreased LDL-C. Salam leaf extract therapy can predict decreased cardiovascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia.

Effect of Salam leaf extract (Syzygium Polyanthum) to serum IL-10 levels on Acute Coronary Syndrome in Wistar Strain Mice Model

Background Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries. Syzygium polyanthum leaf (daun salam) are reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antitumor, antidiarrheal, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and lipase inhibitory activity. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) on serum interleukin (IL)-10 levels in the heart of Wistar Strain Mice Model of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Methods This is an experimental study to compare the IL-10 level in 32 ACS mice which were divided into 8 groups. Serum IL-10 values were collected and analyzed according to the corresponding group with and without bay leaf extract administration, on day 1,4,7, and 14. Result: There is an IL-10 value increasing with the duration of examination following the onset of ACS induction. The highest average IL-10 value was found on the 14th day, in the two groups. On the same day, it was seen that the treatment group had a higher IL-10 value compared to the control group (p<0.001). The result showed that the concentration of IL-10 was significantly greater among the treatment group, which reveal the potential benefit of bay leaf extract in patients with ACS. Conclusion: There was found a significant difference of serum IL-10 between Wistar Strain Mice Model of ACS that was given S. polyanthum leaf extracts. S. polyanthum leaf extract has quite extensive benefits in the cardiovascular system.

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Tablet Nanopartikel Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthum) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Na Alginat dan Avicel PH 102

The use of traditional medicines is an alternative treatment which is considered safer in terms of side effects and toxicity. One of the herbal plants that have properties that can reduce blood pressure is bay leaf (Syzigium polyanthum) because it contains essential oils (citral, eugenol), tannin, and flavonoids. Ethanol extract of bay leaves (Syzigium polyanthum) with antihypertensive potential needs to be made into dosage forms. This study aimed to determine the optimal formula of the preparation of bay leaf (Syzigium polyanthum) nanoparticles tablet with variations in the concentration of Na alginate and Avicel PH 102. Salam leaf extract was made using maceration method using ethanol 96%, followed by evaporation until thick extract was formed. Colloidal nanoparticles were prepared by mixing bay leaf extract into technical ethanol 96% and aquadest, chitosan solution in acetic acid and NaTTP solution. Further, it was measured using PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) to determine the particle size. Tablets were prepared using 4 formulas with variations in the concentration of sodium alginate and avicel PH 102 using the direct pressing method. The results of this study indicate that variations in the concentration of Na alginate and Avicel PH 102 affect the physical properties of tablets. The addition of Avicel PH 102 can increase the hardness and disintegration time of the tablet. While the addition of Na alginate can increase the fragility of tablets. Based on the evaluation results, the optimum formulation of tablet formulas is formula 4.

The Examination activity of salam leaf ethanolic ekstract (Syzygium polyanthum)[Wight] in mice

The examination effect of salam leaf ethanolic extract where the purposed of this study was to determine the effect and concentration of salam leaves as antidiarrheals. Ethanol extract dosages of salam leaf given orally (mg/kgbw) was 15;20;25;30;and 35, carried out abservations on mice starting diarrhea, weight of faeces, frequency diarrhea, and the duration of diarrhea for 5 hours. Loperamide HCl given dose of 1 mg/kg is used comparison with negative control CMC-Na, and comparison of Loperamide HCl was the 56th minute, 57,3; 57,9; 59; 58; 64,3 ; 54,3. Stool weight obtained an average of 0,34; 0,35; 0,32; 0,25; 0,27; 0,53; 0,21. The frequency of diarrhea was 8,8; 8,6; 8,9; 9,3; 8,6; 11,2; 8,5. Onset of diarrheal was average of minutes was 206,8; 207,6 ; 209,2; 209; 206,2; 230 and 88. From the research results obtained ethanol extract salam leaves given antidiarrheal effects with an optimum dose of 35mg/kgbw.