Safety Problems Research Articles

Application of computer information technology in food quality safety and detection

Nowadays, food safety problems have occurred frequently, and how to ensure food quality safety has become the focus of attention of the whole world. While computer information technology has become a necessary means to control food quality safety along with the continuous improvement of information degree. Computer information technology is the general term mainly used for the management and processing of information, including acquisition, processing, expression, communication, management and evaluation of information. In this paper, the application of computer information technology applied in food industry at home and abroad was mainly summarized, including query and retrieval related information of food science, stimulation of the production process to effectively control the potential risk factors, fast calculation in the process of food production and consumption, network platform design of sensory evaluation instead of complex manual work, and realization the whole process of full traceability for food industrial chain, so as to provide effective supervision channels for the government, establish food industrial traceability system, improve the information degree in food management and play the role of information technology in food safety management and realize the value.

Hydrogen in Energy Transition: The Problem of Economic Efficiency, Environmental Safety, and Technological Readiness of Transportation and Storage

The circular economy and the clean-energy transition are inextricably linked and interdependent. One of the most important areas of the energy transition is the development of hydrogen energy. This study aims to review and systematize the data available in the literature on the environmental and economic parameters of hydrogen storage and transportation technologies (both mature and at high technological readiness levels). The study concluded that salt caverns and pipeline transportation are the most promising methods of hydrogen storage and transportation today in terms of a combination of all parameters. These methods are the most competitive in terms of price, especially when transporting hydrogen over short distances. Thus, the average price of storage will be 0.35 USD/kg, and transportation at a distance of up to 100 km is 0.3 USD/kg. Hydrogen storage underground in a gaseous state and its transportation by pipelines have the least consequences for the environment: emissions and leaks are insignificant, and there is no environmental pollution. The study identifies these methods as particularly viable given their lower environmental impact and potential for seamless integration into existing energy systems, therefore supporting the transition to a more sustainable and circular economy.

Novel composite electrolyte additive for enhancing the thermal and cycling stability of SiO/C anode Li-ion battery

SiO/C anode materials have gained significant attention due to their high specific capacity and environmental friendliness in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, due to the volume effect generated during the long-term cycle, the battery capacity will decay rapidly and cause thermal safety problems. PFPN/TTFEB is employed as a compound electrolyte additive in this study to enhance the electrochemical performance and safety of Li/SiO@C batteries. The blank control electrolyte (BE) is the commercial electrolyte, which is 1.0 M LiPF6 dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) at a 3:7 vol/vol ratio. The battery with the PFPN/TTFEB addition demonstrated a substantially higher capacity retention rate than the battery with BE, increasing from 45.23 % to 74.34 %, as indicated by the electrochemical and characterization test results. This suggests that the cycling stability of the battery was improved by the synergistic influence of ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) and tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) borate (TTFEB). In addition, a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase layer was observed on the surface of the anode, increasing interface stability by reducing the direct contact between the electrolyte and electrode. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and thermokinetic analysis revealed that the addition of PFPN/TTFEB increased apparent activation energy from 439.56 to 1090.01 kJ/mol and increased initial exothermic reaction temperature from 233.67 to 292.83 °C. The thermal stability of the battery also considerably increased, and the exothermic reaction was substantially delayed. Overall, the multifunctional electrolyte additive developed in this study offers a feasible pathway for developing LIBs with excellent cycling performance and safety.

Implementación piloto de la gestión integral de la farmacoterapia a pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades cardiovasculares

Context: Comprehensive medication management service provides comprehensive pharmaceutical care to patients to meet their pharmacotherapeutic needs and improve their quality of life in terms of health. Aims: To describe the results of the pilot implementation of the comprehensive medication management service provided to inpatients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Longitudinal, prospective and intervention study was carried out, with qualitative research elements. The sample included patients with cardiovascular diseases and more than five days from the Cardiology Service of the “Saturnino Lora” Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba. The care process was developed according to the OFIL's Guide for the implementation of Comprehensive Medication Management. The patients’ medication experiences were evaluated according to Ramalho de Oliveira et al. The evaluation of drug-related problems and the clinical outcomes was carried out according to the Pharmacotherapy Work-up Method. Results: Twenty patients were included, 65% male. The mean age was 66.2 ± 13.1 years. Eighty percent of the patients had hypertension. One hundred percent received antihypertensive and antithrombotic drugs. Forty percent reported body as a pharmacotherapeutic experience. One hundred and thirty-three drug-related problems were detected and 45.1% corresponded to safety problems. One hundred and fifty-five pharmaceutical interventions were performed and 89% were accepted. Ninety percent of the patients achieved positive clinical outcomes. Conclusions: The pilot implementation of the comprehensive medication management service contributed to the resolution of drug-related problems and showed positive clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Метод оценки критериев оптимизации системы электробезопасности в инфраструктуре села

The article provides an analysis of the state of energy availability and equipment of electric installations for infrastructure facilities in rural settlements. The main type of technogenic hazards is marked – the electrical hazard that occurs in emergency modes of operation of electrical installations. The conditions for solving the safety problem and choosing the optimal variant of the electrical safety system are given. The indicators of the technical efficiency of the electrical safety system are determined, characterized by the likelihood of electrical injury to a person and the likelihood of a fire in electrical installations at facilities. The choice of the most appropriate options for the use of electrical protection equipment, providing for the joint use of automatic switches and protective shutdown devices, was made as a result of comparing the likelihood of electrical injury and fire with a normalized risk level of electrical and fire safety. A method for optimizing the electrical safety system is considered according to two particular criteria representing the average values of the probabilities of electrical injury and fire with the equivalence of their values. The task of optimizing the security system is indicated, which consists in constructing a vector criterion of optimality and converting it into a scalar criterion using the "assignment" method to obtain a normalized partial criterion. The normalized private criteria of electrical and fire safety are determined using a scalar criterion for the selection of electrical protection options for an agricultural facility. An algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of the electrical safety system in dangerous situations of electrical injuries has been built. The description of the construction of an algorithm for modeling the state of fire safety of the system in the event of fires in electrical installations is given. A comprehensive assessment of the normalized criterion for optimizing the electrical safety system was obtained according to two normalized criteria for electrical and fire safety and the choice of optimal electrical protection options at the studied facility. Keywords: TECHNOGENIC HAZARD, ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION, ACCIDENT, ELECTRICAL INJURY, TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY, EVALUATION CRITERIA, OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY SYSTEM, ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

Reuse of Traditional Wisdom in Fire Prevention: Analysis of Fire Safety Problems and Exploration of Fire Prevention Strategies in Ancient Minority Villages in Yunnan

As one of the important cultural heritages of the Chinese nation for five thousand years, the ancient minority villages in Yunnan have diversified values of society, science, history, culture and art, etc. These are the basic resources to revitalize the rural economy and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Once the fire destroys, it will be an irreversible loss. Therefore, based on the investigation of typical ancient village fire events in Yunnan province, this study reflected on the common causes of ancient village fires, discussed the fire prevention strategies of ancient villages from the perspective of traditional fire prevention wisdom reuse, and proposed fire protection measures for ancient minority villages in Yunnan, providing certain reference for the fire protection work of ancient minority villages in Yunnan province.

Simultaneous Detection Method of 11 Respiratory Drug Substances Including Theobromine, Oxymetazoline, etc. in Adulterated Dietary Supplements Using Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Abstract Recently, the demand for respiratory disease-related products has surged due to the influence of coronavirus disease 2019, prompting warnings about illegal dietary supplements containing unauthorized substances. Additionally, adulterated dietary supplements are continuously detected in open markets, posing significant public health safety problem. In this study, we developed and validated an analytical method for 11 respiratory drug substances using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) and proposed optimal conditions for LC–quadrupole time-of-flight MS (LC–QTOF-MS) to determine the fragmentation patterns of each substance. This method underwent thorough validation considering specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, stability, etc. All results met international guidelines. These validated methods were applied to 52 dietary supplements advertised for treating respiratory diseases and enhancing respiratory function, among which one sample was found to contain 313.7 mg/g of theobromine. This determination was made by comparing the product ion ratios with the standards and subsequent quantification. To re-confirm the detected substances, their fragmentation patterns were compared with those of the standards using LC–QTOF-MS. In conclusion, the mass-based information, coupled with the LC–ESI–MS/MS method development, can be successfully applied to rapidly identify 11 respiratory drug substances in illegal dietary supplements used for respiratory disease treatment. The developed simultaneous detection method contributes to public health and safety improvements.

Revisiting the current and emerging concepts of postharvest fresh fruit and vegetable pathology for next-generation antifungal technologies.

Fungal infections of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) can lead to safety problems, including consumer poisoning by mycotoxins. Various strategies exist to control fungal infections of FFVs, but their effectiveness and sustainability are limited. Recently, new concepts based on the microbiome and pathobiome have emerged and offer a more holistic perspective for advancing postharvest pathogen control techniques. Understanding the role of the microbiome in FFV infections is essential for developing sustainable control strategies. This review examines current and emerging approaches to postharvest pathology. It reviews what is known about the initiation and development of infections in FFVs. As a promising concept, the pathobiome offers new insights into the basic mechanisms of microbial infections in FFVs. The underlying mechanisms uncovered by the pathobiome are being used to develop more relevant global antifungal strategies. This review will also focus on new technologies developed to target the microbiome and members of the pathobiome to control infections in FFVs and improve safety by limiting mycotoxin contamination. Specifically, this review stresses emerging technologies related to FFVs that are relevant for modifying the interaction between FFVs and the microbiome and include the use of microbial consortia, the use of genomic technology to manipulate host and microbial community genes, and the use of databases, deep learning, and artificial intelligence to identify pathobiome markers. Other approaches include programming the behavior of FFVs using synthetic biology, modifying the microbiome using sRNA technology, phages, quorum sensing, and quorum quenching strategies. Rapid adoption and commercialization of these technologies are recommended to further improve the overall safety of FFVs.

Alkali-fluoride-salt-accelerated oxidation behavior of graphite under air atmosphere

Air ingress accident scenarios may result in the oxidation of graphite matrix materials and cause serious safety problems in molten salt reactor. However, the oxidation behavior of the molten-salt-infiltrated graphite remains elusive. In this study, the effect of alkali fluoride salts (LiF, NaF, KF and ternary salt FLiNaK) on the oxidation behavior of graphite powder under air atmosphere was investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis and oxidation tests manifest that the initial oxidation temperature of the graphite is reduced from 720 °C to 510–610 °C, because of the presence of the alkali fluoride salts. The catalytic oxidation effect follows the order of KF > NaF > LiF. Careful characterizations reveal that the pristine graphite is mainly oxidized at the graphite edges, while salt-infiltrated graphite is mainly damaged at the graphitic basal planes. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the doping of alkali metal atoms does not change the physical adsorption feature of the oxygen molecule on the graphite plane surface, but increases its adsorption energy to facilitate the graphite oxidation reactions.

Multisource information fusion for real-time prediction and multiobjective optimization of large-diameter slurry shield attitude

Abnormal large-diameter slurry shield attitudes (SA) lead to safety and quality problems in shield construction. To achieve intelligent prediction and optimization of the large-diameter slurry SA, a combination of Bayesian optimization categorical boosting (BO-CatBoost) and a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEAD) is proposed for the prediction and optimization of the tunnel large-diameter slurry SA, as well as the corresponding digital twin framework. Using the Yangtze River large-diameter slurry shield project in Wuhan as an example, data were collected for three soil conditions, namely, silty fine sand, angular gravelly soils and chalky clays, and gravelly soil. The results show that: (1) The R2 values of the three predicted types of soils are all above 0.9, the RMSE values are less than 1.2, and the MAE values are less than 0.9. (2) Based on the results of the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), the propulsive thrust had the greatest influence on the large-diameter slurry SA. (3) The large-diameter slurry SA optimization improves when the number of adjusted construction parameters increases, with a maximum optimization rate of 23.436%. In addition, a digital twin framework based on BO-CatBoost-MOEAD is proposed, which can effectively control large-diameter slurry SAs and improve overall project safety and quality.

Attitudes towards patient safety culture among pediatric nurses at government tertiary hospital in Vietnam

Pediatric patients are vulnerable to medication errors. Nurses have essential roles in patient safety and their quality of care. Therefore, nurses' attitudes regarding safety culture help nurses gain a profound insight into patient safety problems as well as potential solutions to cope with them. Motivating nursing professionals to understand safety culture and how they act about patient safety is one of the first steps to improving patient safety in healthcare institutions. This study aims to investigate attitudes towards patient safety culture among pediatric nurses and related factors. A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used with a sample size of 105 pediatric nurses at a selected government hospital in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Nurses’ attitudes towards patient safety culture were examined using a 4-likert questionnaire including 30 items divided into six subscales. Data analysis was performed in SPSS Version 26.0 using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study findings showed that the overall mean score of attitude towards patient safety culture was 3.30 (SD = 0.45). Among subscales of attitudes, teamwork climate had the lowest mean scores. There were statistically significant associations between the level of education, experience, and nurses’ attitudes. According to the results, nurses’ attitudes regarding patient safety culture were good. However, there were some aspects that should be enhanced. It is strongly recommended that specific training interventions be performed to enhance the teamwork climate in the hospital.

Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Pegawai di Rumah Sakit

With increasing activity and the development of new methods and increasingly sophisticated equipment in hospitals, the problems of Occupational Health and Safety in hospitals (K3-RS) are becoming increasingly complex. Potential dangers in hospitals, apart from infectious diseases, there are also potential other dangers that affect the situation and conditions in hospitals, namely work accidents, explosions, fires, accidents related to electrical installations, and other sources of injury, radiation, dangerous chemicals, anesthetic gases, psychosocial and ergonomic disorders. All the potential dangers mentioned above clearly threaten the life and life of employees, patients and visitors in the hospital environment. Therefore, the implementation of K3 in hospitals absolutely must be implemented.

Treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion by retrograde puncture via the vertebral artery approach: A care-compliant case report.

Vertebral artery stump syndrome (VASS) is a cause of acute stroke. Owing to the particularity of the pathogenesis of VASS, interventional treatment of VASS is difficult. Common mechanical thrombectomy approaches include femoral and radial artery approaches. However, conventional approaches may not be suitable for VASS. If effective measures are not taken to open offending vessels in time, this can lead to a high rate of disability. In recent years, no consensus has been reached regarding surgical methods for treating VASS. The patient presented to the emergency department with a 2-hour history of disturbance of consciousness. After neurological and magnetic resonance imaging examinations, the patient was diagnosed with acute large vessel occlusive posterior circulation cerebral infarction. The patient's symptoms were not relieved after intravenous infusion of argatroban (10 mg) at a local hospital. We first attempted to open the occluded vertebral artery through normal approaches but failed. We then punctured the vertebral artery, successfully opened the occluded vertebral artery, and performed mechanical thrombectomy. The patient underwent successful vertebral artery puncture and mechanical thrombectomy, with no evidence of postoperative bleeding or vascular injury at the puncture site. The patient regained consciousness the day after surgery but remained impaired in physical activity. After 4 months of rehabilitation, the patient recovered completely. When the conventional approach cannot meet the requirements of mechanical thrombectomy, reverse puncture of the vertebral artery is a feasible surgical method for patients with VASS. However, due to the small number of cases, a series of safety problems such as potential puncture failure, hemorrhage after puncture, and vascular occlusion still need to be further explored.

Research on the Obstacles and Countermeasures to the Protection of Children's Rights and Interests in the Network Environment

This survey is based on the background of the era of rapid development of the Internet and the tendency of the younger age of Internet users, as well as the problem of children encountering more and more risks in the Internet environment. At present, the safety of children's network use in China has received more and more attention, but the specific aspects of prevention of network safety problems still need to be improved. This paper analyses the common problems that children in the online environment are mainly exposed to the risks of cyberbullying, identity information leakage, and the influence of violent and bloody information. The analysis of this paper concludes that children's cybersecurity problems are characterized by hiddenness, children's lack of self-awareness, and insufficient social attention. Based on this, the paper makes the following recommendations, the protection of children's Internet use should be carried out in a combination of online and offline ways, and the government, companies, schools, families, and individuals should make a joint effort.

Review on the extension of shelf life for fruits and vegetables using natural preservatives.

Fruits and vegetables are important for the nutrition and health of individuals. They are highly perishable in nature because of their susceptibility to microbial growth. Foodborne pathogens create a significant problem for consumers, food businesses, and food safety. Postharvest factors, including transportation, environment, and preservation techniques, cause a reduction in product quality. The present world is using synthetic preservatives, which have negative impacts on consumer health. Food safety and demand for healthy foods among consumers, the scientific community, and the food industry resulted in the exploitation of natural preservatives, which play an important role in their effectiveness, prolonged shelf life, and safety. Natural preservatives include plants, animals, and microbiological sources with polymers to extend shelf life, improve quality, and enhance food safety. This review specifically focuses on mechanism of action of natural preservatives, spoilage of fruit and vegetables, the importance of edible film and coating on fruits and vegetables.

Identification of Ethical Issues and Practice Recommendations Regarding the Use of Robotic Coaching Solutions for Older Adults: Narrative Review.

Technological advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, cognitive algorithms, and internet-based coaches have contributed to the development of devices capable of responding to some of the challenges resulting from demographic aging. Numerous studies have explored the use of robotic coaching solutions (RCSs) for supporting healthy behaviors in older adults and have shown their benefits regarding the quality of life and functional independence of older adults at home. However, the use of RCSs by individuals who are potentially vulnerable raises many ethical questions. Establishing an ethical framework to guide the development, use, and evaluation practices regarding RCSs for older adults seems highly pertinent. The objective of this paper was to highlight the ethical issues related to the use of RCSs for health care purposes among older adults and draft recommendations for researchers and health care professionals interested in using RCSs for older adults. We conducted a narrative review of the literature to identify publications including an analysis of the ethical dimension and recommendations regarding the use of RCSs for older adults. We used a qualitative analysis methodology inspired by a Health Technology Assessment model. We included all article types such as theoretical papers, research studies, and reviews dealing with ethical issues or recommendations for the implementation of these RCSs in a general population, particularly among older adults, in the health care sector and published after 2011 in either English or French. The review was performed between August and December 2021 using the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Explore, SpringerLink, and PsycINFO databases. Selected publications were analyzed using the European Network of Health Technology Assessment Core Model (version 3.0) around 5 ethical topics: benefit-harm balance, autonomy, privacy, justice and equity, and legislation. In the 25 publications analyzed, the most cited ethical concerns were the risk of accidents, lack of reliability, loss of control, risk of deception, risk of social isolation, data confidentiality, and liability in case of safety problems. Recommendations included collecting the opinion of target users, collecting their consent, and training professionals in the use of RCSs. Proper data management, anonymization, and encryption appeared to be essential to protect RCS users' personal data. Our analysis supports the interest in using RCSs for older adults because of their potential contribution to individuals' quality of life and well-being. This analysis highlights many ethical issues linked to the use of RCSs for health-related goals. Future studies should consider the organizational consequences of the implementation of RCSs and the influence of cultural and socioeconomic specificities of the context of experimentation. We suggest implementing a scalable ethical and regulatory framework to accompany the development and implementation of RCSs for various aspects related to the technology, individual, or legal aspects.

Flight tests results of a Fiber Bragg Gratings based ice sensor

Icing has been an aeronautical industry problem for safety and for energy consumption save from the beginning of aviation. It affects the safety reducing the lift, decreasing the stall angle of attack, affecting the aircraft stability and reducing the control efficiency. The European project SENS4ICE (2019–2023) introduces a new technology based on hybridization of different detection techniques, combining indirect ice sensing with direct, using atmospheric and ice accretion sensors. In the present work a study about a Fiber Optic Detector based on latent heat that uses a Fiber Bragg Grating for measuring the surface temperature. The Fiber Optic Detector (FOD) was tested in a SAFIRE Flight Testing Platform ATR42 during 40 h of Flight testing, having Liquid Water encounters in all flights. The sensor performance and its ability for measuring the icing severity is evaluated in the paper, showing results in a representative Flight test.During Flight Test, different icing conditions were seen, adapting the detection and severity evaluations to the data seen with other reference atmospheric sensors. For ice detection Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was used using different levels in order to detect all the possible events during the Flight test. The DWT ice severity assessment results were compared with a Messinger Model and with the DLR Nevzorov data in order to evaluate the precision and the sensor performance.

Does expanding wild venison consumption substitute livestock meat consumption? Evidence from the demand systems analysis of meat products in Hokkaido, Japan

In many countries, growing deer populations cause environmental, economic, and traffic safety problems. This study sheds light on the potential implications of expanding the consumption of venison from hunted wild deer through deer population management efforts. It focuses on changes in environmental impacts resulting from changes in the demand for livestock meat due to increased consumption of wild venison. We analyzed the demand system between them using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model and scanner data from a grocery store chain in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. The results show that wild venison is a substitute good for pork and lamb. By contrast, wild venison is a complementary good for imported and domestic beef. Based on the estimated demand system model, we conducted an environmental footprint analysis to estimate the changes in environmental impacts when venison consumption increased. This shows that the greenhouse gas, water, and land footprints would increase, indicating greater environmental impacts, under a scenario of expanded venison consumption. The results demonstrate that increased venison consumption does not necessarily reduce the net environmental impacts of meat consumption, which depends on the demand system for meat products and the environmental footprint intensities of the respective products.

Acoustofluidic one-step production of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles for portable paper-based ultrasensitive SERS detection of bactericides

SERS measurements for monitoring bactericides in dairy products are highly desired for food safety problems. However, the complicated preparation process of SERS substrates greatly impedes the promotion of SERS. Here, we propose acoustofluidic one-step synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on paper substrates for SERS detection. Our method is economical, fast, simple, and eco-friendly. We adopted laser cutting to cut out appropriate paper shapes, and aldehydes were simultaneously produced at the cutting edge in the pyrolysis of cellulose by laser which were leveraged as the reducing reagent. In the synthesis, only 5 μL of Ag precursor was added to complete the reaction, and no reducing agent was used. Our recently developed acoustofluidic device was employed to intensely mix Ag+ ions and aldehydes and spread the reduced Ag nanoparticles over the substrate. The SERS substrate was fabricated in 1 step and 3 min. The standard R6G solution measurement demonstrated the excellent signal and prominent uniformity of the fabricated SERS substrates. SERS detection of the safe concentration of three bactericides, including tetracycline hydrochloride, thiabendazole, and malachite green, from food samples can be achieved using fabricated substrates. We take the least cost, time, reagents, and steps to fabricate the SERS substrate with satisfying performance. Our work has an extraodinary meaning for the green preparation and large-scale application of SERS.

ელექტრული ავტოტრანსპორტის განვითარების ტენდენციები მსოფლიოსა და საქართველოში

The intensive growth of the global vehicle fleet and environmental pollution caused by harmful emissions from vehicles have become one of the global environmental problems. In addition to that, oil prices are continuing to rise. A radical way to solve the problems of environmental safety and fuel efficiency of cars is to use electric current as an energy source in a car. The complete replacement of the internal combustion engine with an electric motor – in electric cars or a combination of the two – in hybrid cars completely eliminates or significantly reduces fuel consumption and harmful emissions. Electric cars are replacing cars with internal combustion engines from all dynamically developing world markets. Replacing cars with internal combustion engines with electric ones is especially important for Georgia, where almost 100% of natural gas and oil products are imported and road transport accounts for the largest share of environmental pollution, especially in cities. The country has the potential to create significant additional energy capacity for electric vehicles. Georgia aims to become a regional leader in clean energy consumption – a “green” country and ensure compatibility with the European Union's carbon neutrality goal by 2050, in which electric vehicles play an important role.