Safety Of Technological Processes Research Articles

CALCULATION OF COMPLEX RELIABILITY INDICATORS OF THE AUTOMATED EQUIPMENT MONITORING SYSTEM

In the modern industrial environment, automated equipment monitoring systems play an important role in ensuring the efficiency and safety of technological processes. However, ensuring the reliability of these systems requires careful calculation of complex indicators. Research is focused on the development of methodologies and algorithms for calculating the reliability of automated monitoring systems. The article provides an overview of the comprehensive reliability indicators of the automated equipment monitoring system. First of all, the work defines the critical components of the system, evaluates their reliability and interaction. Reliability analysis methods include elements of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Among them is the calculation of the average time of failure-free operation, the probability of failure and other criteria that allow evaluating the functioning of the system in real conditions. In accordance with regulatory documents, a list of reliability indicators for equipment and the monitoring system as a whole has been created. The methodology for calculating complex indicators of the reliability of the automated monitoring system is given. An example of failure intensity calculation and complex reliability indicators for an analog measuring channel of an automated equipment monitoring system is given. The calculation example shows the estimated failure intensities of the components of the calculated analog channel and the total working time per failure. Therefore, the research is focused on the development and optimization of methods for calculating complex indicators of the reliability of automated equipment monitoring systems, which helps to improve their functionality and ensures effective control of technical processes in industrial conditions.

Setting the overpressure prevention system for plunger pumps to improve the environmental safety of technological equipment

The relevance of the work is due to the fact that plunger pumps of the PT, PTR, T, TP type, which have found wide application at enterprises of fuel and energy complexes, are mostly operated with an unregulated factory system for preventing pressure overloads due to the lack of technical capability in the production of periodic adjustments built-in safety valve. As a result, the operation of high pressure plunger pumps without a tuned overpressure prevention system significantly reduces the reliability and safety of technological processes. The proposed solutions to this problem are the use of a specially developed adapter of a universal design or a mobile stand, which is a complete system of controlled loading of a safety valve together with a hydraulic unit of a pump with a working fluid, mounted on a mobile frame. As a result, the adapter makes it possible to configure the dismantled valve on a specialized test bench, and the use of a mobile version makes it possible to check the hydraulic system directly at the pump installation site with the ability to adjust the valve actuation pressure.

Means of refueling gas%filled cars. Lecture № 7. Part 4. Features of operation of technological equipment of stationary gas filling stations

The features of the operation of the process equipment of the gas filling station are given. The procedure for refueling vehicles is described. The characteristic features of operation and malfunctions of technological equipment are summarized. The features of technological processes of maintenance of equipment of stationary gas filling stations are described. The characteristics of the current and major repairs are given. The analysis of safety of technological processes of stationary gas filling stations is carried out. The features of the system of accounting for the release of LPG are described. Keywords liquefied petroleum gas; technological equipment; underground and ground station; vehicle refueling; gas equipment; operational and technical characteristics of equipment; malfunctions and maintenance; safety; efficiency and environmental friendliness of

ОХОРОНА НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ТА ПРАЦІ ПРИ РОБОТІ З НАФТОПРОДУКТАМИ НА ОБ’ЄКТАХ ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

The article addresses the problem of environmental pollution during the production of petroleum products at logistics support, highlights the negative factors of oil distillation and processing of products, which include atmospheric pollution the oceans and the lithosphere, and provides a brief description of some wastewater treatment methods and recommendations for the protection of atmospheric air. Oil refineries are a source of air, water and land pollution by hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, phenols and aldehydes. Oil refining is a multistage process for separating a mixture of different carbon and hydrogen atoms in a molecule, as well as for constructing carbohydrates into separate fractions and changing the structure of molecules of individual fractions, this process is not waste-free. A significant amount of harmful and toxic substances enter the environment. The environmental problems of oil distillation and direct distillation processing include air pollution throughout the oceans and lithosphere. The safety of technological processes is determined by a number of factors: the method of production and its hardware design, the degree of continuity of the process, its optimal operating parameters, the quantity, composition, properties and state of aggregation of the initial, intermediate and final products, and others. Oil and oil products form fire-hazardous, explosive and toxic mixtures with air. Special attention is paid to the methods and methods of pumping, storing and using both oil and its refined products. Thus, in order to obtain a productive result of improving the ecology in the production of petroleum products, attention is drawn to the main directions of the development of waste-free and low-waste technologies at the present stage of society development. Keywords: ecology, complex measures, air pollution, environmental protection, waste water treatment, mechanical methods, waste-free and low-waste technologies.

Methods of Improving the Safety of Drilling Works

The article sets the task of developing methods to enhance the safety of drilling operations. The methods should be based on the relationship of technical measures for the mechanization and automation of drilling operations and the level of their safe performance. The measures being developed at oil producing companies to improvement of labor protection conditions and improvement of the labor protection system of most oil producing companies show that the development of such measures does not at all touch upon the issues of enhancing the level of safety during oil production technological processes. Therefore, the task is to maximize the mechanization and automation of these types of work during well drilling in order to increase the safety of their production. Thus, a conceptual approach has been identified for solving the posed problem of increasing the safety of technological processes of oil production. A model has been developed for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of work safety using a systematic approach to describing the work safety model.

Hazard forecasting techniques implementation in crane safety instruments using a crane anemometer

Introduction. This article describes an algorithm developed by the authors for the operation of a crane anemometer that measures the gust rate and average wind speed and determines the predicted wind speed on the basis of it. The main part. The main influencing parameters and their measurement intervals are defined for the construction of the anemometer algorithm. The method of calculation of gust velocity and average wind velocity from the data of the pulse sensor of the helicopter anemometer is presented. The method of wind speed forecasting based on the construction of an extrapolation function is given.Results. An anemometer program algorithm with extended capabilities relative to existing analogues has been developed. The instrument not only captures the hazard at the moment, but also predicts its future development. On the basis of the analysis of wind dynamics studies, a table has been compiled of the levels of the determined parameters (gust rate, average speed and projected average wind speed) and the signals given to the operator of the crane. For each type of signal, the value of the removal delay is defined.Conclusions. ZAO KROS Engineering and Technical Centre has made a prototype anemometer using the principles described in this article. The device meets all requirements of the regulatory and technical documentation. Further work on the improvement of the algorithm of its work will make it possible to increase the safety of technological processes carried out with the use of elevated structures.

INVESTIGATION OF MEASUREMENT ACCURACY IN DETERMINING THE MASS OF BULK MATERIALS

The article is devoted to the assessment the error in determining the mass of a sample bulk materials when using the values of their bulk density. Precisely the accuracy of measurement results is necessary in many fields of activity to ensure the efficiency and safety of technological processes, as well as improving product quality. The relevance of this work is associated with the assessment of the inevitable deviations of the bulk density the same material in a given volume as a result of an uncontrolled fractional composition of a sample of bulk material. As a consequence of these deviations, an error arises in determining the mass of a sample of a given volume, even if this volume is an uniquely determined quantity. The paper presents the results of studies of the influence of the fractional composition of bulk materials on the determination of their mass in the indirect measurement method. A significant effect of the fractional composition of bulk materials on the error of the indirect method for determining the mass of the sample was revealed. It is shown, that there is a need for fractional control of the composition of bulk materials in the development of control operations of technological processes, as well as restrictions on the use of bulk density with increased requirements for the accuracy of determining the mass of a sample.

Влияние мероприятий по охране труда на феномен «Ошибка оператора»

Control of technological processes is becoming increasingly more complex in nature. The operator has to respond to a large number of signals and quickly make correct decisions. The use of automatic control systems cannot solve this problem to a full extent. There is always a risk that they can fail and produce inadequate commands; therefore, the operation of automatic systems is also monitored by a human. Control of complex technological processes comes in contradiction with the psychophysiological capabilities of a human organism. In many cases, this problem is solved by selecting, for the role of operators, people having special capabilities, who can quickly make the correct decision in a critical situation. However, work under such conditions entails the extremely high tension of their nervous systems. As a result, the operators regularly suffer from distress, which has a destructive impact on the human health and gives rise to many dangerous diseases. In addition, distress eventually causes the operator to lose his or her ability to quickly and adequately respond to the occurrence of a critical situation. This phenomenon is called the job burnout syndrome. At the initial phase of its development, this syndrome cannot be revealed even during regular tests of operators. Diagnostics of this syndrome also encounters difficulties as the personnel strive to conceal loss of their professional abilities. It should be noted that the consequences of destructive psychophysiological distress conditions manifest themselves to a full extent exactly in critical situations, i.e., under the conditions of maximum stress on the organism. This is why the majority of large-scale industrial disasters are caused by a human error or a human factor. Thus, selection of the operators having extraordinary abilities cannot ensure safety of technological processes. An alternative method for solving this problem is introduction of a systematic labor protection concept. Its priority aim is to create a working environment, the staying in which for a long period of time does not have a negative impact on the vital functions of the operator’s organism. Under these conditions, the risk of industrial accidents caused by a human factor can be minimized.

Formation of the resource saving process in commercial property buildings during the introduction of “green” standards in Russia

The article is dedicated to one of the most essential areas in the construction industry: consideration of the issues related to resource saving, ecologically and economically rational use of natural resources in accordance with “green standards” of the commercial property buildings, offices, in particular. During the operation of office buildings there takes place negative impact on all the components of the environment. Herewith, the first issues considered by the operating organizations are the cost of the facility, safety of technological processes, reliability, durability and operational characteristics, and only then the issues of building environmental friendliness and energy efficiency, the consequences of which are irrational use of natural resources and accumulation of environmental damage. The number of existing systems certifying “green” buildings is insufficient to create a stable human environment. Formation of the resource saving mechanism during the operation of office buildings requires the application of the “green” standards criteria, making it possible to provide results of the stable approaches during the entire operational lifetime of the building. Based on the local and foreign experience in resource saving stimulation under the “green standards” the article provides the estimation criteria making it possible to implement the ecological and economic evaluation of the resource saving mechanism during the operation of office buildings.

Elimination of the consequences of an emergency situation at a fire and explosion hazardous facility with the presence of flammable liquids

The safety of technological processes and order of elimination of the emergency situations arising on fire and explosion hazardous objects with availability of flammable liquids and vapours, the reasons and the mechanism of appearance of an emergency situation is considered. The analysis of process of emergence of an emergency situation on potentially hazardous production facility in Russia and St. Petersburg is made. Mechanisms of development of an emergency on the object containing fire and explosion hazardous and easily flammable liquids at various scenarios of passing of an emergency situation are constructed: floods, ignitions and manifestations of secondary dangerous factors. Priority tasks for carrying out effective and safe mitigation of consequences of the arisen emergency situation are designated. The technology and models elimination of an emergency situation on the object containing fire and explosion hazardous and easily flammable liquids on the example of explosion with the subsequent burning of the gas mixture formed in a consequence of evaporation of oil products in reservoir park of Ruchi oil depot in the city of St. Petersburg is developed. Recommendations for the officials controlling actions for elimination of an emergency situation on this object are developed.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВИНИKНЕННЯ ЗАВАЛІВ ПРИ ОБРУШЕННІ БУДІВЛІ

Purpose. To conduct research and to establish the patterns of formation of debris in adjacent areas of objects in the explosion of gas-air mixtures. Method. Developing a method for identifying risks Increasing the duration of an hour of the process of eliminating a collapse at an object Using the main provisions of the Theory of Reliability on the development of functional mo dels of the risks of each technological operation of the process of disposal of the fallout. Results. The efficiency and safety of technological processes on the elimination of debris in the territory after the collapse of buildings and structures, taking into account the type of buildings. The presented calculation schemes and mathematical dependences of the occurrence of blockages in the explosion of gas in buildings of different types. Scientific novelty. Dependencies are established taking into account the design of buildings, debris, the mass of debris and the distance of their placement, which allows at the initial stage to identify machines and equipment for the elimination of the consequences of emergency. Practical meaningfulness. The conducted studies allow to predict the formation of blockages, taking into account the structural especially buildings and structures. Taking into account, in particular, the formation of debris and debris of their placement from the object allow to carry out the selection of machines and equipment, taking into account the stages of execution of works on the elimination of debris.

Estimation of the Degree of Ensuring Ecological Safety of Technological Processes of Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum and its Alloys

An approximate dependence of the degree of environmental safety on the magnitude of the criterion of potential environmental hazard of electrolyte is suggested. The dependence of this criterion on the composition of known electrolytes for anodizing aluminum and its alloys used in various industries is analyzed. The results of the assessment of the ecological compatibility of electrolyte compositions can be applied for environmental expertise at the design stage of electrochemical plants.

Integrated approach to providing for environmental friendliness and safety of the technological processes

Basing on energy-related analysis, the article discusses the issues of creating integrated approaches to providing for environmental friendliness and safety of the technological processes of form-shaping and the methodology of quantitative evaluation of ecological effectiveness of these processes. Energy-related analysis allows to find the interrelations between energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of technological processes, to create a joint methodology for improving these indices by reducing energy losses and compensating the “underload” of electric motors of processing equipment. The established interrelations allowed to compose the integrated ecological quality index, making possible to estimate numerically the environmental friendliness and safety of technological processes for each particular implementation. As an example, the article presents the formation of a comprehensive criterion for environmentally justified selection of LCTA and systems for LCTA application as one of the possible approaches to detailing of environmental friendliness and safety of technological processes based on rational choice of LCTA.

Organizational and methodical approaches to disclosure of income distribution in integrated reporting

The essence of the integrated reporting is described. Preconditions and problems when introducing the integrated reporting are presented. The information requests of integrated reporting users are described. The necessity of reflection of all types of capital, namely, natural, social, human and intellectual in the integrated reporting are revealed. The main advantages of compiling the integrated accounts for the enterprise are established: a broader perspective of consideration of the activity; the improvement of accounting policy as a result of integration of the principles of sustainable development into activity; increasing the trust of workers and consumers in the safety of technological processes and products for environment. For the wider introduction of the integrated reporting it is necessary to develop the methodological provision for accounting in accordance with the principles of sustainable development to ensure the reliability of the indices obtained; it is necessary to select the optimal list of indices that can meet the information needs of all users, in particular, investors, the state, auditors, society, creditors, consumers, employees, management personnel, academics, and the media. The main tasks and principles of compilation of the integrated reporting are presented. Orientation to the future, materiality, demand, integrity, reliability, completeness, periodicity, consistency, timeliness, interpretation, and comparability are suggested as the principles of integrated reporting. The issue of the necessity of conducting the external audit of the data verification of the integrity reporting is highlighted. The algorithm of profit distribution depending on the chosen strategy of enterprise development is proposed. When directing net profits for the development of production, the authors identify the following three strategies: insufficient upgrades, upgrades at the level of wear and the advanced renewal of non-current assets. It is proposed to choose the strategy for the extended renewal of non-current assets, which will increase the scope of activities and the net profit in the future.

Риски и причины возникновения техногенных катастроф, аварий и инцидентов на опасных производственных объектах Республики Беларусь

В статье приводится обзор современного состояния проблемы обеспечения техногенной безопасности на опасных производственных объектах Республики Беларусь. Детальный анализ статистических данных показывает, что риски возникновения аварий и инцидентов на настоящем этапе развития производства достаточно высоки. Приводится характеристика потенциальных источников угроз, анализируются основные причины возникновения аварий, а также предлагаются меры, направленные на повышение безопасности технологических процессов и минимизацию предпосылок возникновения чрезвычайных ситуаций.

Factors Augmenting the Detonability of Energetic Materials

This review is compiled from the experimental results of investigations that were carried out from the 1970s to 2004 in the laboratory and in the Department of Technological Processes Reliability and Safety, which was headed by Professor Boris N. Kondrikov. Sensitization to detonation by the addition of acids, amines or unsaturated substances, by introduction of porosity and by raising the initial temperature is described. All of these factors are examined in the context of the reliability and safety of technological processes.