Влияние мероприятий по охране труда на феномен «Ошибка оператора»

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Control of technological processes is becoming increasingly more complex in nature. The operator has to respond to a large number of signals and quickly make correct decisions. The use of automatic control systems cannot solve this problem to a full extent. There is always a risk that they can fail and produce inadequate commands; therefore, the operation of automatic systems is also monitored by a human. Control of complex technological processes comes in contradiction with the psychophysiological capabilities of a human organism. In many cases, this problem is solved by selecting, for the role of operators, people having special capabilities, who can quickly make the correct decision in a critical situation. However, work under such conditions entails the extremely high tension of their nervous systems. As a result, the operators regularly suffer from distress, which has a destructive impact on the human health and gives rise to many dangerous diseases. In addition, distress eventually causes the operator to lose his or her ability to quickly and adequately respond to the occurrence of a critical situation. This phenomenon is called the job burnout syndrome. At the initial phase of its development, this syndrome cannot be revealed even during regular tests of operators. Diagnostics of this syndrome also encounters difficulties as the personnel strive to conceal loss of their professional abilities. It should be noted that the consequences of destructive psychophysiological distress conditions manifest themselves to a full extent exactly in critical situations, i.e., under the conditions of maximum stress on the organism. This is why the majority of large-scale industrial disasters are caused by a human error or a human factor. Thus, selection of the operators having extraordinary abilities cannot ensure safety of technological processes. An alternative method for solving this problem is introduction of a systematic labor protection concept. Its priority aim is to create a working environment, the staying in which for a long period of time does not have a negative impact on the vital functions of the operator’s organism. Under these conditions, the risk of industrial accidents caused by a human factor can be minimized.