Consumer Safety Research Articles

Validating Accelerated Shelf Life Testing Methodology for Predicting Shelf Life in High-Pressure-Processed Meat Products

The shelf life of meat products is a critical factor in ensuring both consumer safety and product quality. Traditional methods for determining shelf life are labor-intensive and time-consuming, making it challenging for manufacturers to adapt to market demands. The accelerated shelf life testing (ASLT) methodology offers a viable solution by exposing products to controlled elevated conditions that simulate long-term storage, allowing for faster shelf life predictions. This study evaluates the ASLT methodology as a predictive tool for determining the shelf life of high-pressure (HPP)-treated meat products. The present study includes experiments to verify the shelf life of frankfurter-type sausages under accelerated conditions. By simulating long-term storage at elevated temperatures (4–18 °C), a kinetic model was developed to monitor spoilage bacteria growth, with validation under dynamic temperature conditions. The results indicate that the main spoilage population of frankfurter-type sausages was lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which was strongly correlated with the total mesophilic microflora of the products. The findings show that elevated storage temperatures (8 and 18 °C) provide accurate shelf life predictions, offering an efficient approach to ensure product quality and meet consumer demands.

Optimised determination of arsenic and lead in tea samples using microwave-assisted digestion and ICP-MS: method validation and health risk assessment

ABSTRACT Heavy metal contamination in tea poses significant risks to consumer health, necessitating the development of accurate and efficient analytical methods for routine monitoring. This study aimed to optimise and validate a robust process for the simultaneous determination of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in dried tea samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following microwave-assisted digestion. These toxic elements were selected due to their known health risks and their frequent detection in tea. The method was systematically optimised for digestion parameters and validated following EURACHEM guidelines to ensure accuracy and precision. Key validation metrics included linearity (R2 ≥0.9999), limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 µg/kg for As and 1.5 µg/kg for Pb, sufficient for regulatory compliance. The method demonstrated excellent mean recoveries (75%–89%) and relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 15% across all fortification levels. Precision and accuracy were further verified through proficiency testing, yielding acceptable z-scores for both analytes. Application of the validated method to tea samples collected from Egypt revealed arsenic concentrations ranging from 0.018 ± 0.004 to 0.280 ± 0.070 mg/kg and lead concentrations from 0.083 ± 0.021 to 1.630 ± 0.407 mg/kg. Although detection rates were elevated, the calculated target hazard quotient (THQ) values for As and Pb were below the threshold of 1, suggesting no significant non-carcinogenic health risks associated with tea consumption. This study provides a reliable, cost-effective analytical framework for monitoring heavy metal contamination in tea products, supporting consumer safety and public health initiatives.

Occurrence of <i>Salmonella</i> and presumptive <i>Bacillus cereus</i> in sesame products from Swiss retail stores

Sesame products such as tahini (tahin) or halva (halwa or helva), originating from Arabic cuisine, are becoming increasingly popular in Switzerland. Pathogens, such as Salmonella, can contaminate sesame products, as evidenced by various product recalls. In this study, the occurrence of Salmonella and Bacillus cereus group members was investigated in 100 sesame products (25 sesame seeds, 16 halva, 19 different sesame pastes, 7 sesame bars, 25 hummus, and 8 other products containing sesame) collected from Swiss retail stores. None of the products were positive for Salmonella, whereas B. cereus group members could be detected with bacterial counts between 1×102 and 9×102 CFU/g in 11 out of 100 (11%) products. The 11 isolates identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight were whole-genome sequenced with Illumina technology to confirm the identity of the pathogen, determine its toxin gene profile, and perform panC typing. Most of the isolates harbored genes encoding the enterotoxins Nhe, Hbl, and CytK. The isolates were assigned to diverse B. cereus group members, including one identified as B. cytotoxicus. In addition, one of the isolates matched genetically with the Thurigiensis strain used in biopesticide products. In conclusion, none of the investigated sesame products contained significant levels of Salmonella or B. cereus group members. However, as B. cereus with pathogenic potential was detected in multiple samples, proper storage is crucial to prevent its growth and ensure consumer safety, especially for products with high water activity such as hummus.

Use of potassium hydroxide as a source of nutrients in the composition of food supplements

Abstract In recent years, diet and nutrition have become a primary focus of public health worldwide. Food supplements (FS), used to complement common diets, are a significant and highly marketed category of food products. This has positioned healthcare professionals and public decision makers to play critical roles in their distribution and monitoring. Following a serious case of intoxication due to the ingestion of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a nutrient source in a food supplement, technical opinion has been applied to admissible levels of vitamins and minerals in such products. KOH, known for its high potential Hydrogen (pH) and caustic properties, poses safety risks if not properly diluted. EU Regulation 1169/2011 stipulates minimum significant quantities for nutrients, including potassium, which must not exceed certain levels to ensure safety. The use of KOH as the sole potassium source in the form of powders has been shown to create strong alkalinity, posing risks when dissolved in water for human consumption. Safer alternative potassium forms are available for food supplements. This underscores the need for continuous regulatory oversight and greater involvement of healthcare professionals to ensure consumer safety, given the broad variability in supplement formulations and their increasing market share.

Evaluation of the marketing conditions of food of animal origin in the city of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil

During food marketing, low temperatures are used to preserve food and inhibit the proliferation of microorganisms, as well as minimize the effects of chemical reactions responsible for spoilage. The objective of this work is to evaluate the conditions of storage and conditioning of products of animal origin in commercial establishments located in the city of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil. Thirty (30) establishments were evaluated, with regard to temperatures used for the commercialization of products of animal origin. The results showed that only 26.6% (8/30) of the establishments were in compliance with current legislation, with up to 4ºC for meat and sausages and up to 7ºC for dairy products. Temperatures ranged from -16.3 to 27.5°C in the other establishments evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary for establishments to apply control measures to maintain the cold chain during the marketing of products of animal origin, as well as inspection bodies must intensify surveillance, ensuring greater consumer safety.

Оцінка безпечності дієтичної добавки “Rheumacаre Ultra”, оптимізація дієтологічних умов для функціонування суглобів

In Ukraine, among chronic diseases, pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the most frequent problems, and about 3.5 million people have problems with the musculoskeletal system and its various complications, which require continuous therapy throughout life. Aim. Generalization of the results of a comprehensive sanitary and hygienic assessment of the safety for consumers of a dietary supplement created to support the normal functioning of joints; data analysis of electronic publishers Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, other foreign and domestic sources of scientific information on the research topic. Materials and Methods. The dietary supplement "Rheumacare Ultra" has been tested for the content of heavy metals and pesticides for compliance with the State Sanitary Rules and Regulations of Ukraine. The microbiological safety of the dietary supplement was controlled by the content of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. The method of ultra-high-performance high-speed mass spectrometric liquid chromatography with electron spray ionization (UPLC-MC/MC, Waters, USA) and the gas chromatography method were used to determine the content of pesticide residues; the content of lead, cadmium, mercury was determined by the atomic emission method (instrument ‒ atomic emission spectrometer "SHIMADSU ICPE ‒ 9820"). Results. Based on expert assessment of documentation, analysis of data sources of scientific information, results of sanitarychemical, radiological and sanitary-microbiological studies, it was established that dietary supplement "Rheumacare Ultra" ("Rheumacare Ultra") is safe for the health of consumers and can be used for purpose: to promote the normalization of metabolism, optimization of the chemical composition of the diet, creation of optimal dietary conditions to support the normal functioning of the musculoskeletal system, in particular ‒ joints; to purposefully affect the growth of the level of adaptation capabilities of the human body in conditions of constantly increasing harmful effects of the environment. Conclusions. Assessing the safety of traditional Ayurvedic recipes is a difficult task due to the multicomponent composition of organic-mineral complexes and the lack of complete information on the chemical structure of biologically active components of endemic plants and their impact on human health. Keywords: dietary supplements, sanitary and hygienic assessment, musculoskeletal system, joints.

Joke or counterfeit? Balancing trademark parody and consumer safety in the edibles market

AbstractChildren mistakenly eating tetrahydrocannabinol‐laced gummies thinking they are Halloween candy. Adults overdosing on seemly innocent and fun‐looking “edibles.” These all‐too‐common occurrences are a serious problem in the growing market for cannabis‐related products. A significant part of the risk stems from the broad acceptance and expectation of parody marketing in the field, which has contributed to these dangerous misunderstandings. Importantly, recent changes to trademark law have limited the commercial use of parodies as marks, strengthening the hand of brand owners to police harmful impersonation while preserving legitimate speech. As a result of the more restrictive environment, trademark law and consumer safety rules are increasingly congruent and a greater array of stakeholders with significant financial resources now possess the power and incentive to reduce the danger. This article uses the above cannabis marketing conflict as a framing tool for exploring the limits of trademark parody in an important yet under‐examined context: when safety concerns clash and arguably supersede speech. The existing literature has typically considered parody in innocuous and often noncommercial applications. Such limited review underappreciates instances when trademark confusion or dilution through parody lead to serious health consequences, particularly for vulnerable audiences such as children. Additionally, to the extent that the literature does address cannabis and trademarks, it has generally focused on cannabis branding issues as opposed to infringing the rights of others. This article bridges the gaps. Moreover, it integrates a consideration of the impact of recent Supreme Court cases, Jack Daniel's Properties, Inc. v. VIP Products LLC and Vidal v. Elster, that reflect a tighter circumscription on speech protections for unauthorized use. It concludes with the observation that not all parodies are equal in terms of balancing speech and safety. And with evolving trademark law, there is increasingly an incentive for various stakeholders to collaborate to enhance consumer safety.

Application of Plant Extracts Rich in Anthocyanins in the Development of Intelligent Biodegradable Packaging: An Overview

Consumers are increasingly opting for food with high quality, in addition to practicality, as there are changes in time, habits and preferences, demanding that the food and packaging industries adapt to a new lifestyle. Intelligent packaging provides consumers with real-time information about the quality and safety of packaged products. A critical analysis of the processes used to develop these packages was carried out. In this context, this review aims to analyze the concept of intelligent packaging, emphasizing the incorporation of extracts rich in anthocyanins, verifying its relationship with the development of new technologies and discussing current aspects of the scientific production process of the packaging. It was also highlighted that anthocyanin compounds are susceptible to pH variations. As an indicator of pH variation, a plant extract was necessary to incorporate into a solid matrix to immobilize the dye. The pH indicator film represents a simple and visual method to detect changes in food products. In this sense, technological processes and resources have been gaining prominence with the premise of offering quality, convenience and safety for consumers and companies.

Non-invasive in vitro NAM for the detection of reversible and irreversible eye damage after chemical exposure for GHS classification purposes (ImAi).

The potential risk of chemicals to the human eye is assessed by adopted test guidelines (TGs) for regulatory purposes to ensure consumer safety. Over the past decade, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has approved new approach methodologies (NAMs) to predict chemical eye damage. However, existing NAMs remain associated with limitations: First, no full replacement of the in vivo Draize eye test due to limited predictability of severe/mild damage was reached. Second, the existing NAMs do not allow reliable differentiation between reversible and irreversible eye damage. Especially the prediction of tissue recovery remains challenging in vitro. Existing in vitro NAMs are based on destructive analysis with no consideration of tissue recovery. In this study, we developed a standalone eye-irritation test method based on non-invasive impedance spectroscopy (ImAi) to discriminate between damaging and irritating chemicals. Tissue effects were analyzed via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements of human in vitro epithelial models over 14days. The TEER was performed using a developed impedance spectrometer. For development of the EIT, a chemical reference list of 329 chemicals was compiled. The applicability of the ImAi-test was exemplified by the discrimination of Cat. 1 vs. Cat. 2 for 23 reference chemicals. Correct classification was achieved for 90.9% of Cat. 1 and 83.3% of Cat. 2 chemicals. Our non-invasive in vitro test overcomes the limitations of Cat. 2 classification of the existing in vitro methods and provides for the first time a non-animal test method that can fully replace the Draize eye test.

The Genetic Determinants of Listeria monocytogenes Resistance to Bacteriocins Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria.

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for listeriosis, a serious foodborne disease that can lead to serious health complications. Pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and patients with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to infection. Due to the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in extreme environmental conditions, such as low temperatures, high salinity, and acidity, this bacterium poses a serious threat to food production plants and is particularly difficult to eliminate from these plants. One of the promising solutions to reduce the presence of this bacterium in food products is bacteriocins as natural control agents. These are substances with antibacterial activity produced by other bacteria, mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which can effectively inhibit the development of pathogens such as L. monocytogenes. The use of bacteriocins in the food industry is beneficial due to their natural origin, specificity of action, and consumer safety. However, the problem of resistance to these substances exists. This review focuses on the mechanisms of bacteriocin resistance, such as modifications of bacteriocin docking receptors, changes in the structure of the cell wall and membrane, and the occurrence of cross-resistance to different bacteriocins. Genetic factors determining these mechanisms and strategies to cope with the problem of resistance are also presented. Research on this issue is crucial for developing effective preventive methods that will enable the safe and long-term use of bacteriocins in food production.

ColorNet: An AI-based framework for pork freshness detection using a colorimetric sensor array.

Pork freshness is crucial for flavour, nutrition and consumer health. The current colorimetric sensor array (CSA) detection systems face challenges related to high sensor development costs, low recognition accuracy and limitations in the platform use. Herein, we developed a CSA and ColorNet framework to detect pork freshness. The 53-point CSA was designed by selecting sensitised pH indicators and aldehyde/ketone indicators. To optimize the sensor, the Euclidean distance method was used to identify 24 array points with dyes that exhibited more sensitive responses. The ColorNet captured the color information of pork freshness, allowing real-time detection with a 99.5% accuracy. For practical deployment and mobile applications, a refined 12-point CSA was developed using gradient activation mapping, maintaining a 99% recognition rate, which is comparable with the 24-point CSA. The proposed CSA and model ensure consumer health and safety, providing strong technical support for quality monitoring and control in the pork industry.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ЭКОНОМИИ РЕСУРСОВ ЖКХ

The article analyzes the use of modern accounting technologies in the field of housing and communal services (housing and communal services) and their impact on energy efficiency and sustainable use of resources. Special attention is paid to intelligent metering systems (IMS), which automate the process of accounting for water, gas and electricity consumption. These devices are capable of collecting, transmitting and processing data in real time, providing management companies with accurate indicators, which helps eliminate errors associated with manual input and increases the transparency of calculations. IMS allow management companies to respond promptly to emergencies such as leaks, anomalies in consumption and unauthorized use of resources, which reduces the cost of their elimination and provides greater safety for consumers. Users, having access to information through mobile applications and web portals, are able to monitor and regulate their consumption, which helps to optimize costs and increases an informed attitude to resources. The article also provides examples of successful implementation of smart meters in various countries such as the USA, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Russia and Australia, where they have become an important tool to support sustainable development. The use of ICS allows the integration of renewable energy sources and the implementation of energy saving programs, including dynamic pricing and incentives for reducing consumption during peak hours. This technology contributes to the creation of “smart cities” in which data from various systems — lighting, heating and water supply — are analyzed comprehensively to optimize resources. The introduction of smart meters is emphasized as strategically important for the modernization of housing and communal services: they open up new opportunities for rational resource management, reduce the carbon footprint and help provide a comfortable and transparent environment for consumers, forming the basis for a sustainable future

What motivates farmers’ decision to organic farming conversion: The case of conventional mango farming in Vietnam

This research is aimed at analyzing perception and identifying determinants of the decision to convert to organic mango farming in Mekong Delta (MD) Vietnam. The research was conducted by using a direct survey data set from 109 household heads in this region collected by stratified random sampling method. The research method used was descriptive statistics and the binary Logit model. The research results revealed some interesting points. In the total observations gathered, only about half of households decided to convert, mainly due to local implementation and awareness of safety for consumers and environmental protection. Still, the most important reason for farmers to convert was to get a higher selling price. The binary Logit model analyzing the determinants found that the older the farmer, the more difficult it is to decide to convert. At the same time, training and enhancing awareness about organic farming will increase the probability of conversion decisions. Based on the research results, several relevant solutions on investment, production linkage, and propaganda to raise people's awareness were recommended, thereby increasing the probability of deciding to convert.

Health risk assessment of lead and cadmium contamination in raw cow’s milk from eastern Algeria

Abstract To assess potential health risks from heavy metal exposure through raw cow’s milk, we investigated lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in milk samples from eastern Algeria using atomic absorption spectrometry and estimated dietary risks for adults and children. In 2021, 99 milk samples were collected from various regions. Average Pb and Cd levels were 0.332 ± 0.097 and 0.016 ± 0.011 mg kg−1, respectively, with Pb exceeding the MRL in 99% and Cd in 87% of samples. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values for both metals were below established limits, indicating acceptable average exposure levels. However, the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI) assessments revealed significant concerns. For adults, THQ and HI remained below 1, and carcinogenic risk (CR) values for Pb were below 10−4. In children, Cd posed minimal risk (THQ < 1), but Pb was problematic. While average THQ for Pb was below 1, 39% of samples exceeded this limit. HI for both metals surpassed 1 in 51% of samples, and CR for Pb exceeded 10−4 in 17 samples. These findings highlight the need for further analysis of milk from various Algerian regions to ensure consumer safety.

Online Purchasing Options for GLP-1 Agonists: Accessibility, Marketing Practices, and Consumer Safety Concerns

Online Purchasing Options for GLP-1 Agonists: Accessibility, Marketing Practices, and Consumer Safety Concerns

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of chromium propionate (KemTRACE™ chromium) for all growing poultry species (KEMIN EUROPA N.V).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of chromium propionate as zootechnical feed additive for all growing poultry species. The safety and efficacy of chromium propionate has been assessed previously in 2021 by the Panel and it was concluded that the additive is considered safe for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying/breeding at the proposed use level 0.2-0.4 mg Cr/kg complete feed, but the conclusion was not extrapolated to other growing species. During that assessment, the EU Reference Laboratory for feed additives (EURL) was not in a position to recommend the method for official control for the quantification of the organic chromium content in premixtures and feedingstuffs. The applicant subsequently proposed a new method of analyses, incorporating a tracer in the composition of a premixture, which has been evaluated by EURL and recommended as official method for the quantification of the organic chromium content in premixtures and feedingstuffs. The safety of the use of the microtracer has been assessed in 2024. The Panel considered that the use of the microtracer as proposed in the conditions of use would not introduce safety concerns for the target animals, the consumers and terrestrial environmental compartment, but no conclusion could be made for the groundwater. The microtracer should be considered a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. In the current assessment, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is safe for turkeys for fattening at the maximum proposed supplementation level of 0.4 mg Cr/kg feed, but a margin of safety cannot be established. This conclusion can be extended to turkeys reared for reproduction, but cannot be extrapolated to other growing poultry species. The use of the additive according to the proposed conditions of use causes no concern for consumer safety. The conclusions made previously for user safety remain the same: the additive does not present a risk by inhalation, the additive is irritant to the eyes, not irritant to the skin and is not a skin sensitiser. The use of the additive is considered safe for the environment. The previous conclusion on efficacy remains valid.

Agricultural Agents: Utilizing Matrix Calibrations for the Accurate Quantification of Contaminants in Cannabis Products

Abstract Cannabis is an extremely complex matrix that has chemical properties that can make the quantitation of various analytes within the product difficult. As such, laboratories must develop methods that will account for the matrix effect and interferences that naturally occur in everyday samples. Although most analyses can be impacted by matrix, agricultural agent testing is impacted the most. If a laboratory wants to accurately identify and quantify compounds of interest, matrix calibrations, the use of internal standards, and robust method development are essential. This paper will provide data and evidence regarding the impact that a matrix can have on agricultural agent results and why the lack of matrix calibrations can be detrimental to the accurate identification and quantitation of the analytes. Additionally, tools for identifying matrix interferences and how to combat these issues will be discussed in further detail. Cannabis laboratories must focus on producing data that are accurate, reproducible, and legally defensible to help ensure consumer safety. Consumption, whether through inhalation or ingestion, of toxic agricultural agent residues can be extremely dangerous to the health of consumers and in the United States, third party laboratories have been assigned the responsibility of ensuring that all products on the market are safe. As such, this research and its supporting evidence play a critical role in the cannabis industry and the laboratories ability to protect the consumer.

Chemical and bacteriological quality of newly Trade Ostrich’s Meat Cuts

In Egypt, ostrich meat as a production animal is relatively under-researched compared to other farmed animals, especially regarding its meat quality. Despite ostrich farming being prominent for feather production in the early 20th century, its meat is gaining popularity among Egyptian consumers. Ostriches provide multiple products, including feathers, leather, and low-fat red meat. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on ostrich meat's chemical and microbial quality, which is essential for ensuring food safety and quality. This study aims to analyze the proximate chemical and bacteriological properties of ostrich meat cuts sold in Egyptian markets. Thirty frozen ostrich meat samples (inside leg, outside leg, wings, and trim) were randomly collected from an ostrich abattoir and analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash content, and microbial load. The results showed that ostrich’s meat had favorable nutritional characteristics, as high protein and low-fat content, with moisture levels ranging from 73.86% to 76.39%. The protein content in ostrich’s meat ranged from 17.22 % to 21%, while the fat content varied from 1.82% to 5.11%. Microbiological analysis revealed that the total bacterial counts ranging in ostrich’s meat from 4.1x103 to 3.2x104 CFU/g. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in some in ostrich’s meat samples under the potential food safety concerns. The findings suggested the need for stricter hygiene practices during processing and storage to maintain meat quality and ensure consumer safety. This research underscores the importance of improving the scientific knowledge surrounding ostrich’s meat in Egypt, particularly regarding its chemical and microbiological quality to enhance consumer confidence and promote its broader use.

Adoption and Trust in QR Code Technology: Insights from Kathmandu

The rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized payment methods globally, and QR (Quick Response) codes have emerged as a pivotal tool in this transformation. Originating in 1994 for inventory management, QR codes have extended their utility to various sectors, including retail, marketing, logistics, and education. In Nepal, the adoption of QR codes gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic as a contactless payment method, enhancing convenience and safety for consumers. Despite the growing popularity of QR codes, limited research has been conducted on their usage, especially in the context of developing countries like Nepal. This study aims to examine the factors influencing QR code usage in Kathmandu Valley, focusing on user perceptions, behavior, and adoption patterns. Employing a descriptive research design, primary data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to 124 respondents aged 18 and above, using convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation employed to evaluate respondents' attitudes and behaviors toward QR code usage. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents had a positive view of QR codes, with a significant portion using them for payments within the past six months. Younger age groups and students constituted the largest demographic among users, underscoring the influence of digital-savvy generations on the adoption of technology. Key factors influencing usage included convenience, time-saving benefits, and ease of use, though concerns about privacy and security persisted. The study concludes that QR codes have significantly impacted payment systems in Kathmandu, providing insights for businesses, marketers, and policymakers to enhance user experience and address security concerns. Novelty lies in its contribution to understanding QR code adoption in a developing country, offering valuable perspectives and practical implications for stakeholders and setting the foundation for future research in this domain.

Antimicrobial Finish for Cotton/polyester from Natural Bio-extracts

This study develops and applies sustainable antimicrobial finishes derived from Azadirachta indica (Neem), Butea monosperma, and Litchi chinensis leaf extracts to 50/50 cotton/polyester blend fabrics. The antimicrobial efficacy of these finishes was evaluated, revealing a 100% reduction in microbial growth after 22 hours and six days. Before and after applying antimicrobial finish FTIR, SEM and fabric aesthetic properties were checked. The antimicrobial finish was applied by the pad dry cure method and finish was fixed by using of polyurethane binder. In case of aesthetic properties (stiffness, smoothness appearance) antimicrobial finish had positive effect on 50/50 cotton/polyester. The treated fabrics also exhibited significant increases in stiffness (p < 0.001, h2 = 0.85). Additionally, the smoothness appearance of treated fabrics was assessed, revealing a slight decrease in smoothness appearance ratings as compared to untreated controls group, although this decrease was not statistically significant (p = 0.29). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed changes in functional groups, indicating successful finish application. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs displayed surface modifications and filament breakage. The results were analyzed through ANOVA. The fabric properties were checked by using AATCC standard test methods. These eco-friendly finishes offer promising alternatives to synthetic antimicrobials, enhancing textile sustainability and consumer safety. The findings of this study contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly textile finishes.