Safety Control Measures Research Articles

Methods and Applications of Safety Control for Cable Net Structure Considering Spatiotemporal Changes

The construction of cable net structures is intricate, and the construction process itself is laborious. Conventional safety control measures during the construction of cable net structures involve monitoring cable forces and deformations at specific moments during the construction steps. However, these measures do not guarantee adequate safety assurance. This paper proposes a method for the safety control of cable net structures, considering spatiotemporal changes, based on the concept of digital twins. This method enables real-time monitoring and control of the cable net construction process onsite, facilitating a comparative analysis between the mechanical and geometric information of the construction site and the real-time finite element simulation results. Such an approach ensures safety control throughout the construction process. Firstly, a twin model framework for safety control is established. Then, the methods for spatiotemporal representation, data collection, and processing at the construction site are analyzed. Finally, the proposed method is validated through its application to the Xiaotian Cultural and Sports Park project. The results demonstrate that this method can achieve real-time monitoring and control of cable net structure construction.

Investigation of the thermal hazard and decomposition mechanism of 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane by experiment and DFT simulation

1,1-Di (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (1, 1-DTBCH), as an important organic peroxide, is commonly used as initiator, curing agent and crosslinking agent in the chemical industry. Due to the presence of peroxy bonds, the thermal instability of 1, 1-DTBCH may incur a decomposition reaction and cause further thermal runaway. The thermal decomposition characteristics and runaway reaction characteristics of 1, 1-DTBCH were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerated rate calorimetry (ARC). The kinetic triplet and thermal safety parameters were calculated by using non-isothermal method. The gaseous products and pyrolysis products of 1, 1-DTBCH was investigated by thermogravimetric and infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The thermal decomposition pathway of 1, 1-DTBCH was explored with density functional theory (DFT). The exothermic dominant reaction in the thermal decomposition process of 1, 1-DTBCH was explored by combining experiment and theoretical calculation. The corresponding safety control measures were provided to reduce the thermal runaway hazard of 1, 1-DTBCH.

Risk assessment of disconnect operations of MNPP using similarity aggregation method based fuzzy dynamic Bayesian networks model

Marine Nuclear Power Platforms (MNPP) have the potential to provide a safe and efficient energy supply for offshore oil extraction and remote islands. During the service, MNPP is subject to disconnect operations and return to the dock for repair and maintenance. However, the failure of disconnect operations of MNPP can have catastrophic consequences. It is essential to carry out an accurate risk assessment of the disconnect operation process. In this study, a comprehensive dynamic quantitative dynamic risk assessment method is proposed to study the whole process of MNPP disconnect operations from preparation to towing. Firstly, a similarity aggregation method (SAM) is used to solve the expert fuzzy opinion aggregation problem, and then the probability of failure of the event consistent with the group consensus opinion is obtained. Secondly, a dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) model is developed for three stages, including YOKE offloading operation, YOKE dropping operation, and equipment recovery operation, and then predicts the dynamic probability of failure during the disconnect operations. Finally, the prediction, sensitivity, and diagnostic analysis techniques in DBNs are used to simulate the evolution of the whole risk system. Meanwhile, the basic events probabilities were updated based on new evidence, and the most likely causes of accidents were found. Safety control measures are developed to effectively reduce the risks faced by the MNPP in the disconnect operations.

Consumers’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Traceable Liquid Milk: A Survey in Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Consumers’ concerns about food safety have recently escalated in many developing nations as a result of repeated food safety incidents. Many countries, including Bangladesh, are trying to introduce more stringent food safety control measures such as food traceability. However, not much is known about the preferences of Bangladeshi consumers for food traceability, including whether they are willing to pay for traceable foods. This study attempts to fill this gap by evaluating factors that may influence consumers’ preferences and WTP for traceable liquid milk. Based on survey data obtained from 384 consumers in Dhaka in 2021, our results indicate that consumers are ready to pay almost 12% price premium for traceable liquid milk than for non-traceable liquid milk. Interval regression analysis reveals that international third-party certification, branding, price, information on contaminants, income, and milk consumption are important factors in determining consumers’ WTP for traceable liquid milk.

Study on Overpressure Explosion of Oil and Gas Pipelines and Risk Prevention & Control Measures

In view of the flammable and explosive characteristics of oil and gas pipeline transportation medium, once it leaks, production safety accidents are easy to occur. This study uses explosions with severe consequences caused by natural gas pipeline leakage as an example. The risk factors and accident modes of oil and gas storage and transportation pipelines are analyzed; the explosion load is calculated by a scaling explosion prediction model with the TNO multi-energy method; the relationship between overpressure load and combustible gas cloud radius is studied. The methane-air explosion volume fraction of 9.5% is taken as another example, with which the overpressure attenuation law of explosion wave is obtained. Based on the above research, safety risk prevention and control measures are proposed. The research results can provide technical support for daily management and risk prevention and control of oil and gas storage and transportation pipelines.

Gold Nanoparticle Paper Immunoassays for Sensing the Presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Oyster Hemolymph.

Seafood contamination with Vibrio bacteria is a problem for aquaculture, especially with oysters, which are often consumed raw. Current methods for diagnosing bacterial pathogens in seafood involve lab-based assays such as polymerase chain reaction or culturing, which are time consuming and must occur in a centralized location. Detection of Vibrio in a point-of-care assay would be a significant tool for food safety control measures. We report here a paper immunoassay that can detect the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in buffer and oyster hemolymph. The test uses gold nanoparticles conjugated to polyclonal anti-Vibrio antibodies in a paper-based sandwich immunoassay. A sample is added to the strip and wicked through by capillary action. If Vp is present, it results in a visible color at the test area that can be read out by eyes or a standard mobile phone camera. The assay has a limit of detection of 6.05 × 105 cfu/mL and a cost estimate of $5 per test. Receiver operating characteristic curves with validated environmental samples showed a test sensitivity of 0.96 and a specificity of 1.00. Because the assay is inexpensive and can be used on Vp directly without the requirement for culturing, or sophisticated equipment, it has the potential to be used in fieldable settings.

Research and application of box type substation operation safety management and control system based on three-dimensional modeling and UWB positioning

This paper proposes a box type substation operation safety management and control system based on GIM modeling technology and UWB positioning technology to address the current challenges of personnel and vehicle control, single control methods, difficult information exchange, and blind spots in on-site substation operations. This system integrates safety control measures throughout the entire operation process of the substation before, during, and after operation, achieving closed-loop control of operation safety. Firstly, laser point cloud and power system GIM technology are used for three-dimensional modeling of substation environment and equipment. Then, UWB positioning technology is used for indoor positioning. Combined with various business systems such as substation work tickets and SCADA, the qualification review of station personnel and vehicles before substation operation is achieved, real-time monitoring of personnel status and movement trajectory during operation, and real-time monitoring of on-site environment after operation are achieved. The system has been deployed and applied to a 35kV box type substation in Guizhou, and through a period of actual operation, it has effectively controlled the operation site.

ISM-MICMAC based safety risk sources analysis and control measures for underground engineering of urban rail transit projects

Vigorously developing urban rail transit projects lowers the growing pressure on public transport in densely populated cities. However, accidents frequently occur due to the complex construction environment and diverse risk source factors emerging in urban rail transit construction. Existing research on the causes of urban rail transit construction accidents is mostly limited to the analysis of individual factors. This has negatively affected risk control of projects where risk factors for accidents have mutual influence. This paper adopted an integrated ISM-MICMAC approach to analyze and control urban rail transit construction accident risks. Through the analysis of China’s urban rail transit construction accidents (N = 134) from 2001 to 2019, this study 1) identified 18 risk source factors and their influencing relationships, 2) established a five-level Interpretive Structure Model (ISM) with 38 causal paths, and 3) classified the risk source factors using the Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) procedure. All causal paths starting with the driver factors were then analyzed. Truncation factors and control measures were proposed to prevent accidents. Globally, China’s urban rail transit projects are large in number and size and cover a wide range of geological conditions. The analysis and control of accident risks in these projects provide valuable insights into risk management of urban rail transit construction in other countries.

Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction. In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits, this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology, including the nature of this construction project, the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit, and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures. The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

Analysis of Dynamic Operation Characteristics of the Integrated Energy System

Gas turbines make the coupling between the natural gas system(NGS) and the power system tighter. So Natural gas systems and power systems are interdependent in security and stability, and only paying attention to the security of the power system itself can not guarantee the security and stability of the system. To meet the problem and challenge, in this paper, a technical route based on the method of characteristic (MOC) is proposed to analyze the interaction of integrated energy systems (IES). It can calculate the transient process of the active and reactive power output of GT after the fluctuation of the NGS. Then, according to the dynamic math model of the natural gas in the pipeline(line-pack), the dynamic change of the line-pack is calculated, and the maximum interruption time of the gas source can be calculated according to the line-pack calculation result. Because of the intrinsic mechanism advantages of the MOC, the time step in the simulation calculation can be very small, which does not affect the calculation efficiency. It can calculate the dynamic change of GT output power, identify weak links in the operation of the system, and provide an important decision-making basis for taking safety control measures. Finally, based on an IES case, it is verified that the method proposed in this paper is of great value to analyze the security and stability of the IES.

Assessment of safety control measures for centralized Chlorine gas system

As a glove manufacturing plant, the chemical is one of the most highly used materials. Some chemicals impact human health, environmental aspects, and physical hazards such as highly flammable gas. Chlorine gas is one of them. Besides the accidental release of chlorine gas incidents, ill-health issues are another aspect that should be taken care of. This study aims to determine the current chlorine concentration at a centralized chlorine gas manifold system in a rubber glove manufacturing plant and evaluate the existing safety control measures. A concept of safety by design, inherently safety, and the fail-safe system was considered during the study. The results show that the chlorine concentration level during drum replacement by the crew is at an average of 1.154 ppm and the standard deviation at 0.3478. The highest concentration was at 1.8 ppm. The wet scrubber assessment was done using the Industrial Ventilation and visual assessments and measurements within the system, including capture velocity, face velocity, and duct velocity or transport velocity. Other assessed parameters are total pressure, static pressure, and velocity pressure. The assessment found that the duct performance for all parameters complies with a minimum requirement of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) guidelines.

Effect of Occupational Safety and Health Training on Performance of Cement Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Purpose: This study sought to establish the effect of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) training on occupational accidents on performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study further sought to examine the moderating effect of management support on the relationship between employee training on occupational accidents and performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya.
 Methodology: The study was informed by entropy model and human factor theory. The study adopted the descriptive research design which used both quantitative and qualitative approach to determine the relationship between employee training and performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. The unit of analysis was the six cement manufacturing firms in Kenya while the unit of observation was five cement manufacturing firms. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain the sample size of 344 respondents drawn from human resource management, production department and marketing department.
 Findings: The study established that occupational safety and health training had a significant and positive effect on performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study also established that management support had significant moderating effect on the relationship between occupational accidents and performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya.
 Conclusion: OSH training on occupational accidents had a positive and significant effect on the performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. Through continued OSH training there was drastic decline in the number of accidents at the work place which was associated with straining of resources and low productivity.
 Recommendation: The study recommend that manufacturing firms should implement control measures which include safety videos, audios, regular OSH training and pamphlets on safety among others. The stakeholders should ensure regular inspection of safety control measures. The government should ensure timely review of safety policies by organizations and compliance to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Act (2007) Laws of Kenya.

Mental Health Triage from the Viewpoint of Psychiatric Emergency Department Nurses; a Qualitative Study.

Mental health triage is a new nursing practice concept that is less studied and defined, especially among Iranian nurses. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the concept of mental health triage from the perspective of psychiatric emergency department (ED) nurses. This qualitative study collected data using semi-structured interviews with psychiatric ED nurses. Sampling was purposive and continued until data saturation. Analysis was conducted using conventional content analysis, as described in Griesheim and Landman approach. 15 psychiatric ED nurses with the mean age of 35.13 ± 8.44 years were interviewed (60% male). Finally, two themes, five categories, and 16 sub-categories emerged from data analysis. Two themes emerged, including mental health triage meaning and mental health triage structure. The former included two categories of the nature and characteristics of mental health triage, and the latter consisted of three categories of mental state exploration from surface to depth, safety control measures, and the degree of emergency. According to the "degree of emergency" category, nurses could not make triage decisions based on their perceptions in an acceptable way. Psychiatric ED nurses have an appropriate understanding of mental health triage meaning. However, according to these nurses, its structure is associated with shortcomings that limit the provision of mental health triage services and reduce their quality.

Perceptions of the Impact of COVID-19 Countermeasures on Safe Foodservice Provision at International Sporting Competitions: A Qualitative Study

Over the past 2 years, the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a pronounced impact on the foodservice sector, including compliance to new food provision guidelines. International sporting events’ over-crowded communal eating areas are considered to be high-risk areas for contracting infectious disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions, level of preparedness and perceived challenges of key stakeholders when providing food at major athletic competition events during a global pandemic. A qualitative methodology was employed using semi-structure interviews and data was analyzed using interpretive phenomenology. Inductive thematic analysis identified six major themes of COVID-19′s impact on foodservice systems. Adapting foodservice models to pandemic planning is pre-determined and dictated by settings and environments. There were common heightened concerns over sustainability practices, increase in waste management, costs and negative impact on social dining experience, which were all perceived to be impacted by the changes relevant to COVID-19. There was a renewed attention to improving food safety and quality control measures. The outcomes of this study suggest that International organizing committees of major competitions must now be tasked with updated guidelines, including supporting adequate budgets and communication, if stakeholders are to adapt their operations to control the spread of viruses, such as COVID-19, within all foodservice operations at major competitions. Attention should be directed to determine whether food provision changes continue to be recommended and how this will impact foodservice delivery, sustainability and the social dining experience at future sporting events.

Analysis and enhancement of risk management for ethnic differences in antineoplastic drugs in Japan

BackgroundRisk management in the post-marketing phase is crucial to minimize health problems caused by drugs. Because ethnic factors may affect drug safety, the objective of this study was to explore concrete approaches to reflecting ethnic factors in risk management under multi-regional drug development.MethodsWe assessed Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) review reports on antineoplastic drugs approved as new molecular entities in the last 10 years to identify any differences in the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to myelosuppression, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, and interstitial lung disease between Japanese and non-Japanese populations. In addition, we investigated how those ADRs were handled in the labeling of each drug.ResultsIn total, 44 drugs were available for comparing the incidence of ADRs between Japanese and non-Japanese populations. Of these, 32 drugs had a higher incidence of ADRs in the Japanese population. However, the incidence of ADRs in the Japanese population was described in the labeling for 7 drugs, and only the incidence in the overall population in multi-regional phase III trials was described in the labeling for the remaining 25 drugs. Of these 25 drugs, two drugs were immediately placed under emergency safety control measures after approval because of the high incidence of ADRs in Japanese patients.ConclusionsFor drugs that might cause serious ADRs and with a higher incidence in the Japanese population, information should be provided on the incidence in the Japanese population as well as in the overall population.

Pozzolanic activity and environmental risk assessment of water-based drilling cuttings of shale gas

• The pozzolanic activity of WDC was comprehensively studied. • A systematic study of human carcinogenic risk and ecological security risk assessment were carried out. • The risk control values of heavy metals were presented In order to evaluate the application potential of water-based drilling cuttings (WDC) as cementitious materials for building material admixtures, the physical and chemical properties of WDC were studied, and the environmental risk and human health risk of heavy metals in WDC were also systematically studied. The results showed that the particle pitch diameter is 26.70 µm, mineral types of WDC are mainly limestone, calcium hydroxide and quartz. The 28-day compressive strength of WDC is 27.6 MPa. The strength activity index of WDC cement mortar is 58.3 %, and the amorphous phase content is 23 %. At 80 °C, the weight loss rate and bound water content of “ WDC-CaO-H 2 O ” hydrate were 5 % and 0.13, respectively. It is found that WDC has certain pozzolanic activity, can not only participate in the secondary reaction of the system as active mineral admixtures, but also reduce harmful holes in the system by filling compaction. According to the calculation and analysis, only Hg reached moderate pollution in WDC, As and Cr had carcinogenic risks to human health, so Hg, As and Cr were used as characteristic heavy metal pollutants in WDC. As well as, under the analysis results of characteristic heavy metals and the limits of relevant standards, the risk control values of heavy metals in different exposure scenarios were obtained. The expected existence of arsenic ions, chromium ions and mercury ions in XPS spectra and their corresponding binding energy and orbital state were analyzed. After analysis and fitting, these values are basically consistent with the reference values cited in the document, and the resource utilization direction and environmental safety control measures of WDC were proposed. The above research results will further promote the basic technical support of shale gas WDC resource utilization, and ensure the ecological environment safety and human health safety in the process of resource utilization.

The Factors Affecting Dam Safety and Seepage Control Measures

Dam plays an important role in the development of economy, measurement of flooding, human life and property safety. If dam broken occurs, it could cause massive damage and casualties. Seepage is one of the main problems that influence the dam safety. Therefore, it’s significant to study the dam safety and seepage control measurements. This research focuses on the factors that affecting dam safety and evaluate the seepage fold control methods. Results show that the influence factors of dam safety include geological condition, overtopping, human factors and dam structure. They affect dam safety by causing geological hazards like flood or reducing the dam's ability to withstand these disasters. Seepage prevention and control is effective to alleviate dam safety problems. There are some methods such as concrete impermeable panel, concrete impermeable wall and improvement of dam body. Different measures are applied in different kinds of dam and have specific features.

Use of a Viral Filter to Reduce Exposure to Exhaled Aerosol Does Not Affect Methacholine Dose Delivery During Bronchoprovocation Testing.

Methacholine challenge testing (MCT) is a common bronchoprovocation technique used to assess airway hyper-responsiveness. We previously demonstrated that the addition of a viral filter to the nebulizer exhalation limb substantially reduced expelled particles during MCT. Our aim was to evaluate whether this modification affects the delivered dose of methacholine. A mechanical ventilator was connected to a lung simulator with breathing frequency 15 breaths/min, tidal volume 500 mL, inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:1, with a sinusoidal waveform. We compared methacholine dose delivery using the Hudson Micro Mist or AeroEclipse II BAN nebulizers powered by either a dry gas source or a compressor system. A filter placed in line between the nebulizer and test lung was weighed before and after 1 min of nebulized methacholine delivery. Mean inhaled mass was measured with and without a viral filter on the exhalation limb. Dose delivery was calculated by multiplying the mean inhaled mass by the respirable fraction (particles < 5 μm) and inhalation time. Unpaired t test was used to compare methacholine dose delivery with and without viral filter placement. The addition of a viral filter did not significantly affect methacholine dose delivery across all devices tested. Using a 50-psi dry gas source, dose delivered with or without a viral filter did not differ with the Hudson (422.3 μg vs 282.0 μg, P = .11) or the AeroEclipse nebulizer (563.0 μg vs 657.6 μg, P = .59). Using the compressor, dose delivered with and without a viral filter did not differ with the Hudson (974.0 μg vs 868.0 μg, P = .03) or the AeroEclipse nebulizer (818.0 μg vs 628.5 μg, P = .42). The addition of a viral filter to the nebulizer exhalation limb did not affect methacholine dose during bronchoprovocation testing. Routine use of a viral filter should be considered to improve pulmonary function technician safety and infection control measures during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Serological and molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus infection in chronic kidney disease patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are more vulnerable to blood-borne viral infections due to frequent invasive procedures. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in this cohort of patients has been a matter of concern worldwide. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the frequency of serological markers for hepatitis B, and the occurrence of overt and occult HBV infection (OBI) and its molecular characterization in serum samples from 644 CKD patients in HD units located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2013 to 2017. HBV DNA was investigated in HBsAg reactive and “anti-HBc alone” samples to determine infecting genotypes and genetic relatedness between sequences. The prevalence of serological markers HBsAg+, anti-HBc alone, anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+, anti-HBs+, anti-HBc/anti-HBs/HBsAg were 5.9%, 2.8%, 30.7%, 26.6%, 34.0%, respectively. HBV DNA was detected in 39.5% (15/38) of the HBsAg+ and in 5/18 (27.8%) of the “anti-HBc alone” individuals, indicating a high prevalence of OBI within this group. We found a higher prevalence of HBV/A1 (65%), followed by HBV/D3 (20%), and HBV/A2 (15%). Bayesian MCC tree with a highly supported clade, genetic distance comparison, and identical nucleotide sequences suggested a nosocomial spread of HBV in some units. The high prevalence of HBV infection and low number of individuals immune to infection reinforces the need for vaccination in this group. The presence of closely related strains in the same HD unit reinforces the importance of continuous improvement of safety control measures and laboratory surveillance of serological markers to prevent the risk of infection and transmission of HBV.

Deformation and Control of Super-Large-Diameter Shield in the Upper-Soft and Lower-Hard Ground Crossing the Embankment

Compared with the small diameter and the single stratum shield tunnel, the surface subsidence is much greater when the large-diameter shield passes through the upper-soft and lower-hard stratum. In this case, it is particularly important to control the deformation of the embankment when the large-diameter shield passes underneath the embankment. Taking a tunnel project underneath the north embankment in Zhuhai as an engineering example, this paper investigates the deformation characteristics and safety control measures of a super-large-diameter (i.e., 15.80 m) shield tunnel underneath the embankment under complex stratum conditions in upper-soft and lower-hard strata, using on-site monitoring and three-dimensional numerical simulations. The results of the numerical simulation show that grouting can effectively reduce the settlement of the embankment. Grouting is applied to practical engineering, and the monitoring data are in agreement with the numerical simulation results. The surface subsidence of the embankment gradually increases as the shield tail leaves the monitoring section and finally stabilizes. After the shield machine has passed through the embankment, the horizontal deformation troughs on the embankment’s surface conform to the Gaussian normal distribution. The maximum settlement occurs in the area directly above the central axis of the tunnel. The deformation trough covers an area about four times the diameter of the tunnel on both sides of its center line.