We propose the method for calculating the probability of a safe landing for ship-based aircraft. We define a safe landing as the event that the initial touch of the landing surface by an aircraft occurs on a given segment of the deck, and at the time of this contact, the phase coordinates of the aircraft (elevation angle, banking angle, vertical velocity, and so on) are within the specified limits. We propose a formula for estimating the desired probability and a formula for determining the maximum possible error <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta P$</tex-math></inline-formula> of this estimate: If <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ P$</tex-math></inline-formula> is an unknown exact value of the desired probability and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\hat{P}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is an approximate calculated value, then <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|P-\hat{P}|\leq \Delta P$</tex-math></inline-formula> . We implement the method on the example of the automatic landing of a MiG-29 K aircraft on the aircraft carrier “Admiral Kuznetsov.” Random perturbations are caused by an atmospheric turbulence and ship’s motions. We present and discuss the calculation results. These results show that the error <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta P$</tex-math></inline-formula> is negligible, so that the proposed formula for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\hat{P}$</tex-math></inline-formula> determines the desired probability <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$</tex-math></inline-formula> almost exactly.