Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Biomass Research Articles

Wheat Bran and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Biomass’ Effect on Aerobic and Anaerobic Degradation Efficiency of Paper Composite

This study is a continuation of research on sustainable food packaging materials made from locally available feedstock and industrial by-products within the Baltic Sea region. Its main focus is the impact of wheat bran filler and Saccharomyces cerevisiae additive, which was used to develop a novel bio-coating for paper composite packaging, on the biodegradation efficiency of paper composites under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In this study, we analyzed the effect of 15% and 40% concentrations of wheat bran filler and Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass on the biodegradation efficiency of paper composites. This research was conducted under controlled environmental conditions, with aerobic biodegradation tested at 46 °C in a compost-based mesophilic–thermophilic environment and anaerobic biodegradation tested at 55 °C in an active inoculum thermophilic environment. The results show that the presence of wheat bran filler significantly improves biodegradation efficiency compared to microcrystalline cellulose reference material. Under aerobic conditions, the biodegradation efficiency for the 40% wheat bran and yeast sample was 6.34%, compared to only 0.71% for the cellulose reference material. In anaerobic conditions, the 15% wheat bran and yeast sample showed a biodegradation efficiency of 96.62%, compared to 82.32% for the cellulose reference material.

Potato peel as substrate for Single Cell Protein in animal feed by submerged fermentation

Single-cell protein (SCP) has gained attention in scientific research as a vital source of protein in animal feed and human food. Taking into account the importance of SCP, an attempt was made in the current research to grow Rhizopus oligosporus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass by selecting potato peel as a substrate. The potato peel was treated with sulfuric acid to form potato peel hydrolysate following acid hydrolysis. In 1.0-L potato peel hydrolysate, 2.5-g/L KH2PO4, 0.5-g/L MgSO4, 0.5-g/L NaCl, and 10 g/L yeast extract were taken to prepare growth media. The moisture content of potato peel was examined by following standard procedure of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). The Kjeldahl method was used to determine the protein content, and glucose was examined by using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Optimization of SCP yield was accomplished by following the ‘one factor at a time’ method. The effect of each parameter, such as incubation period, temperature and pH on SCP production was analyzed. Bioreactor scale-up production of SCP was performed in a jar fermenter. To enhance SCP, yield co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhizopus oligosporus was used in a bioreactor that yielded 19 g/L of SCP. Thus, as a nutritional supplement for living organisms, SCP can effectively fulfill protein scarcity globally.

2PP-Hydrogel Covered Electrodes to Compensate for Media Effects in the Determination of Biomass in a Capillary Wave Micro Bioreactor.

Microbioreactors increase information output in biopharmaceutical screening applications because they can be operated in parallel without consuming large quantities of the pharmaceutical formulations being tested. A capillary wave microbioreactor (cwMBR) has recently been reported, allowing cost-efficient parallelization in an array that can be activated for mixing as a whole. Although impedance spectroscopy can directly distinguish between dead and viable cells, the monitoring of cells in suspension within bioreactors is challenging because the signal is influenced by the potentially varying properties of the culture medium. In order to address this challenge, an impedance sensor consisting of two sets of microelectrodes in a cwMBR is presented. Only one set of electrodes was covered by a two-photon cross-linked hydrogel to become insensitive to the influence of cells while remaining sensitive to the culture medium. With this impedance sensor, the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be measured in a range from 1 to 20 g L-1. In addition, the sensor can compensate for a change in the conductivity of the suspension of 5 to 15 mS cm-1. Moreover, the two-photon cross-linking of hydroxyethyl starch methacrylate hydrogel, which has been studied in detail, recommends itself for even much broader sensing applications in miniaturized bioreactors and biosensors.

Peningkatan Kadar Protein Terlarut pada Larutan Tepung Jagung Menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Poultry livestock are generally given feed in the form of corn kernels where the corn kernels contain high carbohydrates but have deficiencies of several amino acids. Amino acid deficiency can be overcome by increasing the protein content in the corn kernels. One way to increase the protein content in corn kernels is to carry out a fermentation process in corn flour solution. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of corn starch solution to increase dissolved protein levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass through a fermentation process. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment volumes of corn flour solution were 0 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL, 20 mL, 25 mL, 30 mL and 35 mL. Data analysis used the calculation of variance and the BJND test. The results showed that the highest average dissolved protein content and total cell biomass of S. cerevisiae in the 15 ml treatment were 13.52%/g and 15.63 x 107 CFU/mL, the lowest average was in the 35 ml corn flour solution treatment, namely 0. 90%/gr and 3.01 x 107 CFU/mL. Based on the research, it can be concluded that corn flour solution can increase the dissolved protein content in S. cerevisiae biomass up to volume 15 mL/2 mL fermenter through the fermentation process. Based on the results of this study, it can be used as a basis for considering the use of S. cerevisiae fermenters to increase the nutritional value of corn seed-based animal feed.

Ibuprofen biosorption by chemically activated Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass was activated chemically, and its ibuprofen (IBP) biosorption capabilities were assessed regarding IBP removal from an aqueous solution. The effects of pH (2-10), contact time (0-90 min), IBP concentration (5-35 mg L-1), and temperature (20, 30, 40°C) were evaluated in batch studies. Higher removal rates of IBP were found at pH 2.0. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the experimental data. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models described the equilibrium data satisfactorily. The maximum biosorption capacity for IBP onto chemically activated Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass (CA-YB) was estimated at 13.39 mg g-1 at 40°C. The activation energy calculated by the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model was 9.129 kJ mol-1, indicating that a chemical process mediated the biosorption of IBP onto CA-YB. According to thermodynamic studies, IBP biosorption is spontaneous and endothermic. FTIR analysis revealed that the carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphoryl, and amino groups were involved in the biosorption process of IBP. These findings indicated that CA-YB could be an alternative biosorbent for IBP removal from aqueous media.
 Keywords: isotherms, kinetic, microbial biomass, pharmaceutical drugs, thermodynamic study.

Introducing New Peptide Extracts from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Achatina achatina</i> Fluids with Strong Inhibitory Activities on Human <i>α</i>-Amylase

This study aimed at exploring for new natural peptides with strong inhibitory capabilities on α-amylase, the main metabolic enzyme that regulates mellitus diabetes, in order to contribute in controlling this global pandemic. It has consisted in heat shock (to 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C for 10, 20 and 30 minutes) of crude proteins extracted from biomass and extracellular parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under cultivation, and from the digestive fluid of the giant snail Achatina achatina, and in-vitro assays of the resulting solutions, as effectors, in human α-amylase catalyzing reactions. The results showed that whatever the temperature and time of treatment, an increase (from 2.65 to 3.98-fold) in proteins concentration was noticed. When blended up to 75 microliters in reaction mixtures, the three peptide extracts showed beyond 11% of inhibition of initial α-amylase activity. By reducing samples volume, only 5 microliters of the studied peptide extracts representing 4.70 μg of S. cerevisiae biomass peptides, 0.55 μg of S. cerevisiae extracellular peptides or 1.05 μg of peptides from the digestive fluid A. achatina were quite sufficient to induce complete (100%) inhibition of the human α-amylase activity. Compared to the inhibitory effect obtained from 2.50 μg of acarbose, a renowned antidiabetic, the studied peptide effectors showed more pronounced inhibitory activities. So, we can positively state that S. cerevisiae as well as A. achatina are both capable of synthesizing proteins made up of small inhibitory peptides which deserve purification and structural analysis for potential exploitation as healthy antidiabetic drugs.

Treatment of Rhenium-Containing Effluents Using Environmentally Friendly Sorbent, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass.

Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass was applied for rhenium and accompanying elements (copper and molybdenum) removal from single- and multi-component systems (Re, Re-Mo, Re-Cu, and Re-Mo-Cu). Yeast biomass was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of biosorption experimental parameters such as solution pH (2.0–6.0), rhenium concentration (10–100 mg/L), time of interaction (5–120 min), and temperature (20–50 °C) have been discussed in detail. Maximum removal of rhenium (75–84%) and molybdenum (85%) was attained at pH 2.0, while pH 3.0–5.0 was more favorable for copper ions removal (53–68%). The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of rhenium on yeast biomass. Langmuir isotherm shows the maximum yeast adsorption capacities toward rhenium ions ranged between 7.7 and 33 mg/g. Several kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich) were applied to define the best correlation for each metal. Biosorption of metal ions was well-fitted by Elovich and pseudo-first-order models. The negative free energy reflected the feasibility and spontaneous nature of the biosorption process. Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass can be considered as a perspective biosorbent for metal removal.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass as a source of next-generation food preservatives: Evaluating potential proteins as a source of antimicrobial peptides.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main biotechnological tool for the production of Baker's or Brewer's biomasses, largely applied in beverage and fermented-food production. Through its gene expression reprogramming and production of compounds that inactivate the growth of other microorganisms, S. cerevisiae is able to grow in adverse environments and in complex microbial consortia, as in fruit pulps and root flour fermentations. The distinct set of up-regulated genes throughout yeast biomass propagation includes those involved in sugar fermentation, ethanol metabolization, and in protective responses against abiotic stresses. These high abundant proteins are precursors of several peptides with promising health-beneficial activities such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-obesity, antidiabetes, and mitogenic properties. An in silico investigation of these S. cerevisiae derived peptides produced during yeast biomass propagation or induced by physicochemical treatments were performed using four algorithms to predict antimicrobial candidates encrypted in abundantly expressed stress-related proteins encoded by different genes like AHP1, TSA1, HSP26, SOD1, HSP10, and UTR2, or metabolic enzymes involved in carbon source utilization, like ENO1/2, TDH1/2/3, ADH1/2, FBA1, and PDC1. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and enolase II are noteworthy precursor proteins, since they exhibited the highest scores concerning the release of antimicrobial peptide candidates. Considering the set of genes upregulated during biomass propagation, we conclude that S. cerevisiae biomass, a food-grade product consumed and marketed worldwide, should be considered a safe and nonseasonal source for designing next-generation bioactive agents, especially protein encrypting antimicrobial peptides that display broad spectra activity and could reduce the emergence of microbial resistance while also avoiding cytotoxicity.

Dioscorea alata as Alternative Culture Media for Fungal Cultivation and Biomass Production

Dioscorea alata (purple yam) is a tuber crop that contains plenty of nutrients. It is widely cultivated in Thailand, but it is underutilized. In this study, the suitability of purple yam to replace potato dextrose media for fungal growth was investigated. Mushrooms and molds were grown on purple yam dextrose agar (PYDA), whereas yeasts were cultured in purple yam dextrose broth (PYDB). Response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the culture conditions for Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass production. The growth profile of S. cerevisiae in PYDB under optimized culture conditions was also studied. All test mushrooms and molds recorded the highest colony diameter and mycelial dry weight on PYDA containing 40% purple yam. Similar to mushrooms and molds, yeasts in PYDB with 40% purple yam showed the highest number of cells. The growth of fungi on purple yam dextrose media was significantly higher than those on potato dextrose media under standard conditions. The optimal conditions from the RSM results for the biomass production of S. cerevisiae in PYDB were purple yam concentration of 49.61%, dextrose concentration of 4.87%, pH value of 5.74, and inoculum size of 7.00%. The biomass of S. cerevisiae in PYDB under the optimal conditions obtained from the results of the optimization by RSM was thirty times higher than S. cerevisiae biomass in potato dextrose broth under standard conditions. Our results suggest that purple yam could be an alternative to potato dextrose media for fungal cultivation.

Mercury biosorption process by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in milk

In this study, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass was applied to remove mercury in milk which is the common dairy product and the ability of this profitable yeast in bioremoving the Hg low concentrations (ppb) in milk was investigated. The initial Hg concentration, biomass dosage, and contact time effects on removal efficiency of S. cerevisiae were studied and they were also optimized by the central composite design. The Hg biosorption data were verified before the final analysis. The results showed that the optimal condition for the bioremoval of Hg was 80 μg/L and 22 × 108 CFU in the third day for initial Hg concentration, biomass dosage, and contact time, respectively. The maximum Hg bioremoval level in optimal condition was 70%. There were no significant differences in mean scores for sensory properties of milk samples during storage (p < .05). Practical applications Our findings indicate that Saccharomyces cerevisiae known as a potent yeast to absorb the high amounts of toxic heavy metals in milk, it can also be applied for Hg elimination from water and foodstuffs even in low concentrations. Application of yeast for cleaning of humankind environment would be killing two birds with one stone using waste of an industry for decontamination of environment and food.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae/alginate composites beads for adsorption of heavy metals

• Beads of residual biomass of S. cerevisiae /alginate composite was developed and applied to adsorption of toxic metals. • Biosorbent was characterized by pHpzc, DRX, FTIR, SEM and TGA. • Biosorption isotherms is of high affinity, with adsorption capacity of 179.1, 72.1 and 30.7 mg g −1 for the Pb (II), Cr (VI) and Cd (II). • More than 95 % removal of the Cr (VI) present in the real wastewater was raised with adsorbent dosages higher than 3.0 g L −1 . • Biosorbent composite produced proved to be promising for the removal of the studied heavy metals. The biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a by-product widely generated by the beer producing industries and promising for use as a biosorbent; however, its use in natura becomes impracticable due to the fragmentation in aqueous solutions. In this way, the encapsulation process can overcome these barriers, improving its mechanical properties. This study aimed to develop beads from the biomass of residual Saccharomyces cerevisiae from brewing using alginate base and to evaluate the adsorbent potential of toxic metals Pb (II), Cr (VI) and Cd (II) in water. The adsorbent material was prepared and characterized. The adsorption pH was determined, and the adsorption equilibrium were analyzed using isothermal models. Adsorption tests involving real wastewater were also conducted. The removal affinity occurred in the following order Pb (II) > Cr (VI) > Cd (II), with maximum monolayer removal capabilities estimated by the Langmuir model of 179.1, 72.1 and 30.7 mg g −1 , respectively. The application in real wastewater provided removal superior to 95 % of Cr (VI) using doses of biosorbent from 3.0 g L −1 . In general, the biosorbent composite produced proved to be promising for the removal of the studied heavy metals.

Growth performance and flesh quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed low concentrations of Rubrivivax gelatinosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Spirulina platensis

Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass generated as a by-product in industrial processes and other biomasses grown in industry waste waters like Spirulina platensis and Rubrivivax gelatinous can be used in aquafeed, thus reducing the costs of discard and minimizing environmental damage. In this study, 840 male Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus; 26.8 ± 1.03 g average weight) were distributed among 21 tanks (40 fish/tank, 1.07 kg/m3). Fish were fed to satiation three times a day throughout the trial (72 days). A completely randomized design experiment with 7 treatments (control group and 6 different diets, 3 replicates per treatment) was conducted to investigate the effects of these three microbial biomasses (added at 0.25 and 0.5% into an isoproteic/isoenergetic tilapia diet) on the growth and visceral indexes of the fish and on the composition and texture of the fillets. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in fish fed 0.5% R. gelatinosus than that in the control group, but no difference was detected among the treatments either for the other growth indicators or for the organs’ indexes. Including microbial biomass in the diet did not significantly affect either fillet pH or texture parameters. However, the use of microbial biomass increased the protein content and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio of the fillets compared with that of the control group. So, it was concluded that the dietary intake of low concentrations of S. cerevisiae, S. platensis and R. gelatinosus biomasses did not affect the growth performance of tilapias, increased the nutritional quality and preserved the texture features of the fillets.

BIOSORBENTS BASED ON POLYSACCHARIDES. EVALUATION OF SORPTION CAPACITY IN RELATION TO URANIUM AND THORIUM

Study of sorption of heavy natural radionuclide’s uranium and thorium from water by β-gluсancontaining sorbents obtained from biomass of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and bran of oat Avena sativa was carried out. It is shown that the content of mobile (water-soluble, exchange and acid-soluble) and fixed forms of uranium on investigated β-glucans vary considerably. It is found that the extent of irreversible sorption of uranium does not exceed 58.6%. For the first time shown that β-glucans have high sorption capacity in ratio of thorium. In the conditions of the experiments it was retrieved more than 99% of thorium from the water. The content of fixed form of thorium reaches 94% of the sorbed. Characteristics of surface and capillary-porous structure of samples were defined. The correlation relationships between rates of adsorption and specific surface of preparations were installed. An analysis of the relationship between sorption capacity and various properties of glucans leads to the conclusion that the most important role for the implementation of a strong adsorption of heavy radionuclides belongs to chemisorptions mechanisms, while the contribution of surface physical phenomena is not essential. It is shown that the highest strong adsorption of thorium is characterized by a sample representing the cell walls of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The findings suggest of β-glucans prospects in practical terms and their use as polyfunctional enterosorbеnts.

Production of Vitamin D3 Enriched Biomass of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as A Potential Food Supplement: Evaluation and Optimization of Culture Conditions Using Plackett-Burman and Response Surface Methodological Approaches.

Vitamin D deficiency causes osteoporosis, osteopenia, fractures, rickets, and more recently is linked with some chronic illnesses such as cancer. Because of the safety and probiotic properties of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we hypothesized that yeast cells enriched with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) could represent a solution for prevention or treatment of vitamin D deficiency. In this study S. cerevisiae was used as a vitamin D3 accumulator for the first time and the optimal conditions for enrichment of S. cerevisiae were determined. The Plackett-Burman screening studies were used for selection of the most important factors affecting cholecalciferol entrapment. Response surface methodology was employed for optimization of cholecalciferol accumulation in S. cerevisiae cells by using Box-Behnken design. A modified quadratic polynomial model fit the data appropriately. The optimal points of variables to maximize the response were cholecalciferol initial concentration of 358021.16 IU/mL, tryptone concentration of 1.82 g/L, sucrose concentration of 7.13 % (w/v), and shaking speed of 140.46 rpm. The maximum amount of cholecalciferol in dry cell weight of S. cerevisiae was 4428.11 IU/g. The cholecalciferol entrapment in yeast biomass increased about two-folds in optimized condition which indicates efficiency of optimization.

Feed potentials of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass cultivated in palm oil and cassava mill effluents

Feed potentials of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass cultivated in palm oil and cassava mill effluents

Characterization of thermal, mechanical and hydration properties of novel films based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass

Abstract Characterization of films made of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass was performed so as to better understand their properties. The treated yeast biomass, named HTH, was prepared by subsequent steps including a first homogenization, heat treatment and final homogenization. Glycerol was added as plasticizer and films were evaluated using different techniques to measure mechanical behaviour, thermal properties and water sorption. Temperature of maximum decomposition rate was found near 300 °C, while the gradually disappearance of amide II band (1543 cm−1) occurred from 225 °C, identified by FTIR spectra of residues of thermally treated films by TGA. A glass transition at 64.5 ± 3.0 °C and two low energy endotherms at 61.2 ± 2.3 and 106.1 ± 0.7 °C were determined in completely dehydrated films without glycerol. When glycerol content was increased the glass transition temperature was shifted to lower values, a maximum elongation of 12% was reached, Young's modulus decreased from 88 to 9 MPa and the water uptake of films raised from 0.49 to 0.79 g H2O/g of dry matter. The characterization of yeast biodegradable films provided evidence of their properties for a potential future use in packaging industry. Industrial relevance The development of biodegradable films based on yeast biomass carries many advantages to the food industry, such as, the possibility of using commercial pressed baker's yeast or an industrial residue from brewing industry, the use of a low-cost sources and the application of environmentally friendly procedures. The methodologies applied for the development of the film forming dispersion, high pressure homogenization and thermal treatment, are able to be scaled-up to an industrial level.

"Estimation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass Cultured in Cassava Mill Effluents"

This study assessed the quantity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass recovered from cassava mill effluents after 15 days of incubation. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in this study were isolated from palm wine, while the cassava mill effluents were obtained from rural community in Delta state, Nigeria. The raw effluents were filtered with double muslin cloth. Then after, it was heat treated before inoculating 10ml of S.cerevisiae inoculum into the 100ml cassava mill effluents in 250 flasks. The medium were shaked intermittently throughout the period of the study (15 days). Then after, the medium were carefully decanted and the resulted sludge was filtered using Whatman filter paper. The recovered biomass trapped in filtered paper was washed with distilled water and re-filtered. The recovered biomass was oven dried and weighed. The biomass recovered was 3.93±0.55g/L. The study showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass can be cultured in cassava mill effluents. Therefore, the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used to treat cassava mill effluents while generating biomass that can be utilized for other downstream application. Hence, there is the need for optimization of biomass produced through manipulation of the environmental parameters.

The effect of biomass concentration on polymer alginate in the immobilized biosorbent formation during the sorption processof heavy metal Cu2+

A research in environmental biotechnology has been done to analysis adsorption of ion Cu2+ by biomass of microalgae (Chlorella sp, Ankistrodesmus braunii, Scenedesmus quadricauda) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae onto alginate polymeras immobilized biosorbent on laboratory scale. The purpose of this study is to achieve the optimum biomass concentration which gives the best biosorption performance. Biosorption of Cu2+ was carried out in continuous fixed-bed column reactor system, volume of 1.5 L, equipped with peristaltic pump with a flow rate of 13 mL/min. Biosorption of Cu2+ was investigated using immobilized biosorbent with concentration of (g biomass/g polymer) 0.25; 0.5; 1, at pH4,initial concentration Cu2+15 mg/L and 26°C±1. The results of this study showed that the increasing of biomass concentration (0 to 0.5 g/g) would result in better biosorption performance but soon decreased its performance at biomass concentration of 1 g/g. Biosorption capacity and highest removal efficiency of 0.1025 mg Cu2+/g biosorbent and 66.36% occurred by immobilized biosorbent with 0.5 g/g concentration. The connection between the variation of biomass concentration in alginate to the biosorption performance by immobilized biosorbent shown by breakthrough curve, total adsorbed metal mass(qtotal), efficiency of removal (%R) and biosorption capacity at breakthrough(qe). Excessive biomass concentrations lead to reduced porosity of the beads thus slowing down the adsorption process.

Biogenesis of Silver Nanoparticles feasible for industrial application Using Yeast-fungi Secreted Enzymes and Proteins

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis and Geotrichum candidum were selected for biosgenesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using yeast reductases. Extracellular proteins act as stabilizers for so formed AgNPs. Factors affecting biosynthesis ; biomass concentration, AgNO3 concentration and the ratio of AgNO3: to biomass concentration on. The Optimum conditions for biosynthesis of AgNPs could be attained using biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3 mL/100 mL): .9 mM AgNO3: pH 12: 25 ◦C and 24 h incubation). Under these conditions, the maximum concentration of well stabilized AgNPs obtained was 900 ppm with a mean diameter range of 1.5–12 nm. Such solution is unequivocally feasible for industrial applications.

Enrichment of waste yeast with bioactive compounds from grape pomace as an innovative and emerging technology: Kinetics, isotherms and bioaccessibility

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass obtained from brewing industry was thermally and chemically modified and applied for the biosorption of phenolic compounds from Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux grape pomace extracts. The main purpose of this research was to enrich biomasses with bioactive compounds as an alternative for industrial waste recovery. Yeasts prepared by alkaline treatment showed the best performance in the uptake of phenolic compounds, with the highest sorption capacity of 190.28 mg g− 1 when in contact with Cabernet Sauvignon extract, 93.2% higher in comparison to non-treated yeast biomass. Biosorption was able to increase the bioaccessibility of grape pomace extracts. Alkaline pretreated yeasts showed an antioxidant capacity of 188.90 μmol TE L− 1, 196% higher than yeasts without treatment, and a bioaccessibility 147% higher than control yeast suspension. Enriched biomasses display an important role in the preservation of the antioxidant capacity and in the bioaccessibility of compounds even after an in vitro digestion.