Abstract
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass was applied for rhenium and accompanying elements (copper and molybdenum) removal from single- and multi-component systems (Re, Re-Mo, Re-Cu, and Re-Mo-Cu). Yeast biomass was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of biosorption experimental parameters such as solution pH (2.0–6.0), rhenium concentration (10–100 mg/L), time of interaction (5–120 min), and temperature (20–50 °C) have been discussed in detail. Maximum removal of rhenium (75–84%) and molybdenum (85%) was attained at pH 2.0, while pH 3.0–5.0 was more favorable for copper ions removal (53–68%). The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium sorption of rhenium on yeast biomass. Langmuir isotherm shows the maximum yeast adsorption capacities toward rhenium ions ranged between 7.7 and 33 mg/g. Several kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich) were applied to define the best correlation for each metal. Biosorption of metal ions was well-fitted by Elovich and pseudo-first-order models. The negative free energy reflected the feasibility and spontaneous nature of the biosorption process. Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass can be considered as a perspective biosorbent for metal removal.
Highlights
Rhenium, for which world production and consumption are at a level of 60 tons per year, is one of the rarest elements on Earth [1,2,3]
Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass was applied for rhenium and accompanying elements removal from single- and multi-component systems (Re, Re-Mo, ReCu, and Re-Mo-Cu)
The experimental results indicate the high efficiency of rhenium and molybdenum removal at pH 2.0 and of copper at pH range 3.0–5.0
Summary
For which world production and consumption are at a level of 60 tons per year, is one of the rarest elements on Earth [1,2,3]. Increased concentrations of rhenium can be found in copper and molybdenum deposits, and it occurs as an isomorphic impurity in more than 50 carrier minerals [1,3]. 80% of sources of rhenium raw materials are molybdenum and copper sulfide concentrates, produced by Chile, Kazakhstan, France, Germany, Russia, the U.S, China, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Poland [1,5]. During the process of extraction, part of rhenium is dispersed as volatile Re2O7 in soils and as ReO4−ions in industrial effluents and water [5]. Anthropogenic sources of rhenium emission in the environment include mining, copper and molybdenum ore processing, motorways, coal-burning plants, non-ferrous metal smelters, and scrap recycling units [3]
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