Saccharomyces Cereviseae Research Articles

Extract of elicited kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) cells suspension by Saccharomyces cereviseae H. and Its citotoxicity against T47D cells

Extract of elicited kaffir lime (<i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC.) cells suspension by <i>Saccharomyces cereviseae</i> H. and Its citotoxicity against T47D cells

Extracellular Vesicles in Fungi: Composition and Functions.

The comprehension of fungal biology is important for several reasons. Besides being used in biotechnological processes and in the food industry, fungi are also important animal and vegetal pathogens. Fungal diseases in humans have a great importance worldwide, and understanding fungal biology is crucial for treatment and prevention of these diseases, especially because of emerging antifungal resistance that poses great epidemiological risks. Communication through extracellular vesicles is a ubiquitous mechanism of molecule transfer between cells and is used to transport proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biologically active molecules. Several pathogens can produce and transfer extracellular vesicles, and the importance of this pathway in fungal communication with hosts and between fungal cells has been described for several species in the last years, as shown for Saccharomyces cereviseae, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Paracoccidioides braziliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, Candida parapsilosis, Malassezia sympodialis, Histoplasma capsulatum, among others. In this chapter, we review the role of extracellular vesicles in fungal communication, interaction with hosts and with the environment, and also highlighting important molecules found in fungal EVs.

Ruminal acidosis: strategies for its control

Ruminal acidosis in ruminants is a metabolic disorder of gastrointestinal origin, which occurs in animals by high feed intake of cereal grains diets, which affect the performance. According to clinical manifestations it can be classified as: a) acute lactic acidosis in which there is prolonged exposure to ruminal pH≤5.0 that triggers a systemic acidosis, with clinical manifestations and changes in biochemical patterns, starting the first twelve hours of ruminal acidosis and it takes 48 to 120 hours to reestablish, b) subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), has no clinical manifestations, rumen pH decreases in a range of 5.5 to 5.0 and is held for 111 to 180 minutes in 24 hours, this decrease causes an imbalance in the ruminal metabolism, as well as the fluid balance. Ruminal acidosis can be prevented by the addition of sodium bicarbonate in the ration, the use of zootechnic additives as Saccharomyces cereviseae and Megasphaera elsdenii as well as essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol). It is also important to consider the forage/concentrate ratio, the forage particle size, the NDF content of the ration, as well as the cereal’s rate of degradation in the rumen. The objective of this review was to address the ruminal acidosis pathophysiology, the effects this cause on animal welfare and control strategies to minimize the detrimental impact on animal production.

In vitro antifungal activity of metal complexes of a quaternized chitosan derivative with copper ions

Antifungal activity of synthetic metal complexes of quaternized N-(propyl) chitosan derivatives with Сu(II) against yeastlike (Saccharomyces cereviseae, Rodothorula rubra, and Candida albicans) and mycelial fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum) was studied. In vitro application (at 250‒500 μg/mL) of the metal complex of quaternized N-(propyl) derivative of low-molecular chitosan with 53% substitution and 1.3% copper ions proved efficient against F. оxysporum, one of ten most common fungal plant pathogens. Water-soluble quaternized N-(propyl) chitosan derivatives with 40−58% degree of substitution were synthesized using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride under optimally adjusted conditions. Metal complexes of the chitosan derivative with 53% degree of substitution with Сu(II) ions were obtained by dialysis. The quantity of copper ions in the metal complexes was determined by atomic emission spectrometry. The structure of chitosan derivatives was confirmed by spectral analysis (IR, 1H NMR).

AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DE ALTERAÇÕES EM LACTUCA SPP. DE SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISEAE NA PRESENÇA DE FÁRMACOS

A presença de contaminantes emergentes em águas de superfície foi detectada em estudos realizados por pesquisadores de vários países. Neste estudo foram monitorados parâmetros fisiológicos de substratos contaminados pelos antibacterianos, nitrofurantoína (NTF), cloridrato de tetraciclina (CTC), cefalexina (CEF), amoxicilina (AMX), azitromicina (AZI) e norfloxacina (NOR) e pelos analgésicos, diclofenaco de sódio (DFS), dipirona monoidratada (DMH) e diclofenaco de potássio (DFP), em culturas de Lactuca spp. (alface) e de Saccharomyces cereviseae in vitro.Todas as substâncias avaliadas causam alterações metabólicas e fisiológicas na cultura de Lactuca spp., alterando a taxa de germinação, o comprimento de folhas, o comprimento de raízes e as taxas de clorofila alfa e de clorofila beta. No entanto apenas NOR, DFS e DMH causam alterações na concentração inibitória para a produção de espuma de S.cereviseae em concentrações ≤ 5000 ppm.

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Zanthoxylum monogynum St. Hill (Rutaceae).

Background: The Zanthoxylum monogynum species belongs to the family Rutaceae and is found in Southeast, Midwest, and Northeast Brazil. For this genus several biological activities have been described. Methods: The essential oil (EO) was obtained from the leaves of Zanthoxylum monogynum by hydro-distillation and was analyzed by gas chromatograph and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC and GC/MS). Also the EO of Z. monogynum was evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against six tumor cell lines and for antimicrobial activity, performing disk diffusion and MIC assays with yeast and bacterial strains. Results: The chemical analysis afforded the identification of 18 components (99.0% of the EO). The major components were found to be citronellol (43.0%) and farnesol (32.0%). The in vitro cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines, resulted in IC50 values ranging from 11–65 µg/mL against all tested cell lines. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was also tested and oil was effective, especially against Cryptococcus sp. yeast. All the tested yeast strains showed at least 90% growth inhibition. Conclusions: the essential oil from leaves of Z. monogynum has a different qualitative and quantitative composition when compared to the composition previously described. Also this EO has significant cytotoxic activity and moderate activity against Cryptococcus sp. and Saccharomyces cereviseae yeasts.

Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Kadar Bioetanol Dari Kulit Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata)

This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on the level of bioethanol from sweet corn bark. Sweet corn bark is one of the agricultural wastes containing cellulose which can be converted to bioethanol through several stapes. The steps were sample preparation, delignification, hydrolysis, and fermentation. This study applied fermentation process on the sweet corn bark using yeast bread (saccharomyces cereviseae) with time variations i.e 2-8 days.The products of fermented ethanol increasedand reached the optimum at 6 days fermentation with the bioethanol level of 4.50,then decrease the ethanol content at day 7 and 8.

Genes encoding norcoclaurine synthase occur as tandem fusions in the Papaveraceae.

Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) catalyzes the enantioselective Pictet-Spengler condensation of dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde as the first step in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) biosynthesis. NCS orthologs in available transcriptome databases were screened for variants that might improve the low yield of BIAs in engineered microorganisms. Databases for 21 BIA-producing species from four plant families yielded 33 assembled contigs with homology to characterized NCS genes. Predicted translation products generated from nine contigs consisted of two to five sequential repeats, each containing most of the sequence found in single-domain enzymes. Assembled contigs containing tandem domain repeats were detected only in members of the Papaveraceae family, including opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Fourteen cDNAs were generated from 10 species, five of which encoded NCS orthologs with repeated domains. Functional analysis of corresponding recombinant proteins yielded six active NCS enzymes, including four containing either two, three or four repeated catalytic domains. Truncation of the first 25 N-terminal amino acids from the remaining polypeptides revealed two additional enzymes. Multiple catalytic domains correlated with a proportional increase in catalytic efficiency. Expression of NCS genes in Saccharomyces cereviseae also produced active enzymes. The metabolic conversion capacity of engineered yeast positively correlated with the number of repeated domains.

Some parametric effects on fermentation of Cyperus esculentus using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The fermentation of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus var. sativus) using Saccharomyces cereviseae was carried out under varying temperature: 25oC, 30oC, 35oC, 40oC, 45oC and 50oC respectively and pH of 4.0 which changes due to temperature. The fermentation time was 8 hours for all the temperatures. The effect of temperature on the rate of fermentation of juice from tiger nut was determined using the volume of carbon dioxide produced. Fermentation rate was observed to be highest at 40oC while the pH before and after fermentation were 4.10 - 4.29 and 3.60 - 3.67 respectively. The concentrations of ethanol produced were 13.35 g/L, 27.45 g/L, 31.16 g/L, 36.35 g/L, 33.39 g/L and 28.94 g/L at 25 oC, 30oC, 35oC, 40oC, 45oC and 50oC respectively.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 89-94, 2016

3rd Generation Bioethanol Production from Microalgae Isolated from Slaughterhouse Wastewater

The present study consists of an essay about the 3rd generation bioethanol production from microalgae. The strain of microalgae used in this research has been isolated from slaughterhouse wastewater. The study starts by applying five methods (thermic shock, grinding, acid treatment, basic treatment, and enzyme hydrolysis) to disrupt cell wall. The maximum total sugar content has been obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis with a yield of 82.2 % relative to dry matter. The fermentation was applied on the recovered supernatant after pH setting (7 ± 0.1) in presence of the yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae. The maximum of ethanol production was obtained with basic, enzymatic and acid treatments with a yield of 43, 40 and 38 % respectively. These results demonstrate the importance of the microalgae strain used as an attractive feedstock for third generation bioethanol.

Structural, thermal, functional, antioxidant & antimicrobial properties of β-d-glucan extracted from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cereviseae)—Effect of γ-irradiation

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of γ-irradiation (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 & 50kGy) on the structural, functional, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of yeast β-d-glucan. The samples were characterized by ATR-FTIR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the thermal properties were studied using DSC. There was a decrease in the average molecular weight of β-d-glucan as the irradiation dose increased. The functional properties of irradiated yeast β-d-glucan were largely influenced by the action of gamma radiation like swelling power and viscosity decreases with increase in the irradiation dose while as fat binding capacity, emulsifying properties, foaming properties and bile acid binding capacity shows an increasing trend. All the antioxidant properties carried out using six different assays increased significantly (p≤0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The antibacterial activity of yeast β-d-glucan also showed an increasing trend with increase in the irradiation dose from 5 to 50kDa.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KUALITAS CUKA TOMI-TOMI (Flacourtia inermis)

This objectives of this research were both to study and determine the best level of concentration of yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae and period of fermentation on the quality of tomi-tomi vinegar (Flacourtia inermis). A completely randomized experimental design with two factors of treatment was applied in this research. The first factor was concentration of yeast S. cereviseae having four levels of tretament, i.e.: without the addition of yeast 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g yeast. The second factor was period fermentation with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. The result indicated that the concentration of yeast S. cereviseae 1.5 g and period fermentation 5 week produced a good tomi-tomi vinegar with total acids 51.22%, total dissolved solids 8.35, total sugar 8.07% and pH 5.40.

β-Glucans (Saccharomyces cereviseae) Reduce Glucose Levels and Attenuate Alveolar Bone Loss in Diabetic Rats with Periodontal Disease.

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of oral ingestion of β-glucans isolated from Saccharomyces cereviseae on the metabolic profile, expression of gingival inflammatory markers and amount of alveolar bone loss in diabetic rats with periodontal disease. Diabetes mellitus was induced in 48 Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80 mg/kg). After confirming the diabetes diagnosis, the animals were treated with β-glucans (by gavage) for 28 days. On the 14th day of this period, periodontal disease was induced using a ligature protocol. β-glucans reduced the amount of alveolar bone loss in animals with periodontal disease in both the diabetic and non-diabetic groups (p < 0.05). β-glucans reduced blood glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in diabetic animals, both with and without periodontal disease (p < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with β-glucans reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and increased osteoprotegerin expression in animals with diabetes and periodontal disease (p < 0.05). It was concluded that treatment with β-glucans has beneficial metabolic and periodontal effects in diabetic rats with periodontal disease.

Improvement of Growth and Yield of Pea Plants Using Integrated Fertilization Management

Two field experiments were carried out during two successive winter seasons at 2013 and 2014, in a private farm at Abuo-Hammad area, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the integrated fertilization management i.e. chemical fertilization (NPK), biofertilization (Rhizobium leguminosarum. bv. vicieae, Glomas bagyarajii, Bacillus circulans) with or without foliar applications of yeast extract (Saccharomyces cereviseae) and micronutrients on enzymes activity, nodulation status, growth characteristics, chemical constituents, mycorrhizal infection (%) and yield of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Master B grown under loamy sandy soil conditions. All estimated parameters were affected by biofertilizers application, especially in combination with foliar applied with yeast extract. The highest values of the most studied parameters were recorded in combination between biofertilizers with foliar application of micronutrients and yeast extract.

INVITRO COMPATIBILITY EVALUATION FOR THE BIOCONVERSION OF DOMESTIC SOLID WASTES BY MIXED CULTURES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS

Among all the wastes, disposal of large amount of food waste is one of the most serious problems in cities. As food waste has high water content and decomposes readily, many unpleasant environmental consequences can arise during its storage, collection and transportation. The bioconversion of solid wastes into compost by microbial population can be proved as an efficient, ecofriendly, and cost effective solution for the management of solid wastes. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro compatibility of different microorganisms and to study the effect of successive microbial population on solid wastes for its successful bioconversion into compost. The most promising strategies for improving management of solid wastes have been identified as minimization of the amount of the solid. The composting process involves the controlled aerobic exothermic microbial decomposition. Saccharomyces cereviseae, Trichoderma viridae and Bacillus (PU7), accession number GU566359, isolated from rhizosphere of Sesbania grandiflora from Mahabubnagar (16.4600° N, 77.5600° E), India, were selected for compatible/incompatible mixed cultures. Combinations of them were used to evaluate their potential performance as compatible/incompatible culture for microbial decomposition.

Produk Metabolisme Rumen pada Sapi Perah Laktasi

(Rumen metabolism product on lactating dairy cattle) ABSTRACT. The rumen microorganism, as yeast, have an important role in rumen fermentation processes and the rumen metabolism product. A research had been done to study the use of yeast, Saccharomyces cereviseae in Lactating dairy cattle ration. The research had been conducted by experimental method, in a Latin Square Design. The animal were subjected as column and periods function as row. The treatment to be tested were four levels of yeast addition, namely : 0, 5, 10 and 15 g/cattle/day. The variables measured were rumen metabolism product : Total Volatile Fatty Acids (T-VFA), Acetate (C2), Propionate (C3), Butyrate (C4), Formiate, Valerate, Nitrogen Ammonia and C2/C3. Based on the all variables measured, it was indicated that the addition of yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae up to 15 g/cattle/day have not changed the rumen metabolism product on lactating dairy cattle; although it was a normally production of total VFA (96,86 ± 9,94 mM/L and C2/C3 (3,08 ± 0,14), but it was very high production of N-NH3 (12,85 ± 2,72 mM/L). To increase the efficiency of metabolism processes, it is need the addition of fermentable carbohydrate in ration.

Diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to CD4(+) counts.

Yeasts are important opportunistic pathogens, in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Yeast species inhabiting the oral mucosa of HIV-infected persons can act as source of oral lesions, especially as the individual progresses towards immunocompromised state. Present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of yeasts in oral cavities of asymptomatic HIV-infected persons and their association with CD4(+) cell counts. 100 HIV seropositive subjects and 100 healthy controls were screened for oral yeast carriage using standard procedures. Of the 100 HIV-seropositive persons screened, 48 were colonized by different yeasts, either alone or in association with another species. Candida albicans was the most common species (56.90%) while non C. albicans Candida (NCAC) accounted for 39.65%. Among NCAC, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei were most common. One isolate each of rare opportunistic pathogenic yeasts, Geotrichum candidum and Saccharomyces cereviseae, was recovered. The control group had an oral candidal carriage rate of 23%; C. albicans was the predominant species, followed by Candida glabrata, C. tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed no resistance in C. albicans, to the commonly used antifungal agents, whereas resistance or dose dependent susceptibility to fluconazole was observed in some of the NCAC species. Oral carriage of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts was greater in HIV-seropositive persons heading towards immunocompromised state, as evidenced by their CD4(+) cell count. The predominant yeast isolated in this study (C. albicans), was found to be susceptible to commonly used antifungals.

Real-Time Quantification of Time-Gated Autofluorescence Spectrum Shape to Track Mitochondrial Metabolism

Recent studies by various groups report the use of NADH as an intrinsic optical biomarker and metabolic indicator. Using measurements of excited-state lifetime or anisotropy decay, different forms of intracellular NADH were identified and monitored, with the response of NADH to metabolic conditions being more complex than a simple concentration change. Recently, we report an approach for the real-time tracking of UV-excited autofluorescence based on the rapid quantification of spectrum shape. Here, we show that nanosecond-gated spectral acquisition - combined with spectrum-shape quantification (such as with spectral phasor analysis) - can be used to track the physiologic response of a cellular system (Saccharomyces cereviseae) to the addition of mitochondrial functional modifiers (e.g., cyanide) and metabolic substrates (e.g., ethanol and glucose). We demonstrate that time-gated detection allows for the rejection of short excited-state-lifetime emission. We observe that the spectrum shape of long excited-state-lifetime autofluorescence exhibits a different response to chemical additions than that of the time-integrated autofluorescence, even allowing for the discrimination between nominally similar responses. Results are consistent with the existence of multiple NADH forms, as changes in autofluorescence spectrum shape cannot be accounted for by a two spectra model. Time-gated spectroscopy combined with rapid spectrum-shape analysis may lead to new and useful approaches for the real-time tracking of cellular metabolic state.

Diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to CD4+ counts

Background:Yeasts are important opportunistic pathogens, in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Yeast species inhabiting the oral mucosa of HIV-infected persons can act as source of oral lesions, especially as the individual progresses towards immunocompromised state. Present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of yeasts in oral cavities of asymptomatic HIV-infected persons and their association with CD4+ cell counts.Materials and Methods:100 HIV seropositive subjects and 100 healthy controls were screened for oral yeast carriage using standard procedures.Results:Of the 100 HIV-seropositive persons screened, 48 were colonized by different yeasts, either alone or in association with another species. Candida albicans was the most common species (56.90%) while non C. albicans Candida (NCAC) accounted for 39.65%. Among NCAC, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei were most common. One isolate each of rare opportunistic pathogenic yeasts, Geotrichum candidum and Saccharomyces cereviseae, was recovered. The control group had an oral candidal carriage rate of 23%; C. albicans was the predominant species, followed by Candida glabrata, C. tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed no resistance in C. albicans, to the commonly used antifungal agents, whereas resistance or dose dependent susceptibility to fluconazole was observed in some of the NCAC species.Conclusion:Oral carriage of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts was greater in HIV-seropositive persons heading towards immunocompromised state, as evidenced by their CD4+ cell count. The predominant yeast isolated in this study (C. albicans), was found to be susceptible to commonly used antifungals.

Mitochondrial DNA damage and mitochondrial function during acute oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in Saccharomyces cereviseae (550.4)

Base excision repair (BER) is the main repair mechanism responsible for the removal of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, however, the relationship between mtDNA damage and mitochondrial function is not fully understood. We seek to determine the effect of mtDNA damage and mitochondrial function in yeast strains harboring mutations in BER genes after acute oxidative stress induced by H2O2. We observed that compared to a wild type (Wt) strain, mtDNA lesions after H2O2 treatment increased 4.3 fold in an ogg1∆ strain, 4.1 fold in an apn1∆ strain and 21.2 fold in a double mutant ogg1∆ apn1∆ strain. Similarly, mtDNA mutation rate increased in cells treated with H2O2 in the following manner: Wt strain, 7.7 fold; ogg1∆ strain, 11.9 fold; apn1∆ strain, 19.9 fold, and ogg1∆ apn1∆ strain, 30.6 fold. H2O2 treatment disrupted mitochondrial function as determined by mitochondrial membrane potential measurements: 15%, 15%, 10% and 24% decreased in Wt, ogg1∆, apn1∆, and ogg1∆ apn1∆, respectively. Finally, increased superoxide anion generation was observed after H2O2 treatment, particularly in the BER double mutant strain. We can conclude that an interaction between the OGG1 and APN1 genes is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA integrity and function after an acute oxidative stress insult.Grant Funding Source: Supported by 5SC3GM08475902, R25GM068138 and G12RR03051