Saba Senegalensis Research Articles

Variation in fruits and seeds traits of Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon along a climatic gradient in Burkina Faso, West Africa: implications for its sustainable management

Variation in fruits and seeds traits of Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon along a climatic gradient in Burkina Faso, West Africa: implications for its sustainable management

Hibiscus sabdariffa anthocyan stabilization tests by co-maceration of crushed calices with powder of Saba senegalensis fruit bark and combretum Micranthum leaf

Tannins can interact with anthocyanins to form complexes that stabilize color and protect anthocyanins from degradation. Thus, this work proposes to study the effect of the tannins of bark of the fruit of Saba Senegalensis and Combretum Micranthum on the stability of the anthocyanins of drink based on red calyxes of hibiscus obtained by co-maceration. The anthocyanin concentration was determined by the pH-differential method. The red color degradation index is determined based on the CIELAB (International Commission of Lighting) color system (L*, a*, b* and L*). R and Minitab 18 software were used for data processing. Monitoring of the residual anthocyanin content and the intensity of the red color was carried out over eight weeks. The results showed that Saba Senegalensis tannins interact better with anthocyanins. After eight weeks of storage at 4°C, 89.36 % of the anthocyanins are preserved with the Saba S tannins against 83.62 % for the control batches and 80.38 % for the Combretum tannins. Storage at 37°C for eight weeks reveals very high loss rates, 14.86 % of the anthocyanins are preserved (Saba tannins) against 3.38 % for the control and 1.84 % with the Combretum tannins. Moreover, the intensity of the red color is better preserved at 4 °C and 37 °C with the tannins of Saba Senegalensis.

Water stress responses of Saba senegalensis provenances during the seedling stage

Saba senegalensis is a multi-purpose liana from sub-Saharan Africa that is under threat from over-exploitation of its fruits and from land degradation and erratic rainfall affecting its regeneration. This research aims to assess survival, growth and dry matter distribution in the responses to water regimes of S. senegalensis seedlings of nine provenances from slightly, moderately and severely dry zones in Burkina Faso. The study parameters were provenance, water regimes and duration of drought stress. A total of 567 seedlings (63 per provenance) were grown using a factorial design. Five months after germination, three water regimes were applied: high, medium and low soil water content, corresponding respectively to 100, 75 and 50% of soil pot capacity. The experiments lasted for 6, 9 and 12 months after water stress began. Survival rates, growth parameters, biomass production, stress tolerance and stress sensitivity indexes were calculated and the data analyzed using a linear mixed model. Drought stress reduced seedling survival and biomass production, while the relative growth rate in collar diameter increased. Concerning the duration of drought stress, the relative growth rate of seedlings in collar diameter decreased and the shoot-to-root ratio increased. After six months under stress, the seedlings had invested more in roots, whereas after nine and twelve months the reverse trend was observed. Furthermore, seedlings from the slightly dry zone produced more biomass when watered under a low soil water content regime, and were more drought-tolerant than those from severely and moderately dry zones. This could indicate that the seedlings originating from these zones are well adapted to growth under severe water stress. For S. senegalensis domestication programs, seedlings originating from the slightly dry zones can be successfully propagated in agroforestry systems where water is a limiting factor.

Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from four Wild Food Fruits

Aims: This study aimed to assess the in vitro antibacterial effects of extracts from four wild food fruits: Balanites aegyptiaca, Saba senegalensis, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Raphia sudanica.
 Place and Duration of Study: The samples of plant material were collected at Banamba and Sikasso, Mali between January and May 2018. The bacterial strains were collected at Research Centre for Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN), University Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The experimental parts were also carried out at CRSBAN from October 2019 to January 2020.
 Methodology: The fruit extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, S. aureus, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes strains. The diameters of the inhibition zones (ID), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were evaluated using agar diffusion method.
 Results: The findings revealed that these parameters have varied as a function of fruit species and/or their zones of provenances. All fruit extracts showed significant growth reducing effect against all the tested bacteria. The extracts from R. sudanica have exhibited the strongest growth-inhibiting activity specifically against E. coli (ID = 15.33±0.58 mm) and Salmonella typhi (ID = 18.00±1.00 mm) with lower MIC (from 2.08±1.44 to 5.83±1.44 mg/mL). Moreover, the MBC/MIC ratios revealed that the extracts from the studied fruits possess mainly bacteriostatic effects towards the tested strains.
 Conclusion: These findings support local therapeutics properties attributed to these fruits. They also demonstrate that, in addition to their nutritional values, these edible fruits could be used for developing antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and food poisoning.

Chimpanzees as ecosystem service providers: Seed dispersal of an economically important plant resource

AbstractVertebrate‐mediated seed dispersal is vital to the maintenance of diversity in tropical ecosystems, and seed‐dispersing animals are increasingly thought to provide ecosystem services by dispersing the seeds of plant species utilized by people. However, few studies have demonstrated a link between vertebrate frugivores and plants used by people, thus limiting the generalizability of the seed‐disperser‐as‐ecosystem‐service‐provider concept. We examined the effectiveness of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) as seed dispersers (i.e., their influence on seedling recruitment) of an economically important fruit resource, Saba senegalensis, at the site of Fongoli, a savanna‐woodland environment in southeastern Senegal. The fruit from the Saba vine is commonly harvested from the wild by local people and is also an important food item for chimpanzees. We conducted germination experiments on gut‐passed seeds alongside non‐gut‐passed seeds and analyzed the germination success of chimpanzee‐dispersed seeds in situ. We also analyzed the effect of habitat type and canopy cover at each seed dispersal site to determine which sites are most suitable for Saba germination. Germination trials showed that chimpanzee gut passage and manual pulp removal increased the likelihood of germination over seeds left intact. Nearly a quarter of chimpanzee‐dispersed seeds germinated in situ and Saba seeds were distributed nonrandomly throughout Fongoli, with more dispersed seeds found in habitats most suitable for Saba germination. These results suggest that chimpanzees aid in the early stages of Saba recruitment and thus provide an ecosystem service via seed dispersal that may contribute to the well‐being of local people.Abstract in French is available with online material.

Comparative study of the nutritional potential of a wild fruit (Saba senegalensis) from Côte d'Ivoire with pineapple, papaya and banana

Saba senegalensis fruit is traditionally collected and sold on the Ivorian markets, although it is considered as an underutilized species in favour of commercial fruits. The present study aimed at providing data on the nutritional value of Saba senegalensis fruit in comparison with widely valued fruits. Saba senegalensis pulp as well as dessert banana, papaya and pineapple pulp were used as study material. After an evaluation of the biochemical parameters, a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to highlight the nutritional potential of the different fruits. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters varied from one fruit to another. The Saba senegalensis fruit stood out from the other three fruits by its high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 39.80 ± 0.45 mg/ml), its high concentration of polyphenols (600.94 ± 5.27 mg EqA. G / 100 g), flavonoids (245.09 ± 19.10 mg EqA.G / 100 g), vitamin A (1.96 ± 0.03 mg/100 g), Ca (29.19 ± 0.17) and Fe (2.51 ± 0.06 mg/100 g). These nutritional constituents are far superior in Saba senegalensis pulp to those of banana, papaya and pineapple. Thus, its nutritional potential could be a major asset for its consumption and valorisation

Saba senegalensis

This datasheet on Saba senegalensis covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Biology & Ecology, Uses, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Food Quality, Economics, Further Information.

Intake Nutritional Variabilities of <i>Saba senegalensis</i> Fruits

Saba senegalensis is a popular wild fruit; which is consumed as such or transformed into various products. Despite its economic potential, its nutritional potential is unknown. The objective of this study is to characterize its fruits according to Senegal’s main production areas. The study included five samples from five geographical areas of Senegal. Parameters measured include pH, protein, lipids, ash, moisture, vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, minerals, and sugars. The results showed that for moisture, proteins, lipids, pH and reducing sugars did not differ significantly (p 0.05%) for all accessions. Vitamin C content varies between 32.86 and 198.22 mg·100g-1, carotenoids with a content of between 5.05 and 9.12 mg·100g-1; polyphenol contents are between 1.17 and 2.56 g·100g-1. The nutritional value of Saba fruits appears to be homogeneous in Senegal. A thorough study of the functional molecules seems necessary for a better appreciation of the potential of this fruit.

Evaluation of Mineral Elements Content of Senegal Fruits

This study determined mineral value and antioxidant activity of Senegal fruits for contributing to improving healthy diet and preventing some chronic diseases. Mineral element contents of Dialium guineense, Landolphia heudelotti, Mangifera indica, Cyperus esculentus and Saba senegalensis, which are widely available and consumed, were studied. The results by ICP-OES spectrophotometry after acid mineralization showed highest levels of (per 100 g fruits), calcium (158 mg), potassium (1018 mg), magnesium (532 mg), zinc (26 mg) with juice of Landolphia heudelotti fruit pulp. Mangifera indica pulp is richer in sodium (89 mg), phosphorus (556 mg), sulphur (384 mg) and silicon (110 mg). Dialium senegalensis pulp is richer in iron (23 mg) and manganese (19 mg). Lyophilized Cyperus esculentus rhizomes analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry gave highest concentrations of (per 100 g fruits), calcium (2550 mg), potassium (11,843 mg) and magnesium (7669 mg) but sodium content (22 mg) is lower. In vitro antioxidant activity evaluation with the DPPH radical showed for 10 mg/ml concentration, highest inhibition percentage for Saba senegalensis 4.03%, followed by Landolphia heudelotti and Dialium guineense, which were significantly similar 2.29% and 2.20% respectively, Mangifera indica 1.7% and finally Cyperus esculentus 0.5%, but much lower compared to the ascorbic acid equal to 96.32% used as a reference.

Antioxidant and Anti α-amylase Activities of Polar Extracts of Mitracarpus hirtus and Saba senegalensis and the Combinason of their Butanolic Extracts

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health disease, and it affects all segments of the population around the world. The progression of this disease is worrying, 460 million in 2019, the number of diabetics is estimated in 2045 at 700 million worldwide. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the ethyl acetate (EA) and Butan-1-ol (But-ol) fractions of M hirtus and Saba senegalensis are studied in this work. The results revealed that the fractions possessed flavonoid, tannins, terpenes and sterols; and exhibit potent radical scavenging activity using DPPH as substrate. The butanolic fractions exhibited more significantly α-amylase inhibitory activities than the ethyl acetate fractions. The IC50 values of butanolic fractions are 0.099 and 0.41 mg/ml respectively for M hirtus and S Senegalensis versus 0.44 and 1.45mg/ml ethyl acetate fractions. The combined butanol fractions of the two plants do not lead to the expected synergetic activities. Thus, it could be concluded that due to the presence of antioxidant components in the plant, extracts have well prospective for the management of diabetes and the related condition of oxidative stress.

Evaluation of antimycobacterial activity of medicinal plants used by Malian traditional medicine practitioners to treat tuberculosis

Global Tuberculosis (TB) control is facing major challenges such as occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR). The current TB drugs are getting less effective and associated with side effects limiting their use, especially with MDR and XDR infected patients. In Mali, many medicinal plants are used against various diseases including bacterial infections. The study aimed at studying the antimycobacterial activities of 60 extracts from 22 Malian medicinal. The antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was assessed employing micro-broth dilution method. Out of 60 extracts evaluated, eleven from nine different plants were found to be active against H37Rv strain. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranked from 125 μg/mL to 1250 μg/mL. The most active extracts (125 μg/mL) were represented by ethanolic extract of Saba senegalensis and Vitellaria paradoxa leaves, dichloromethane extract of Cola cordifolia leaves, Strychnos spinosa and Ximenia Americana roots. Ethanolic extract of Zizyphus mauritiana, Guiera senegalensis and methanolic extract of Anthocleista djalonensis also prevented the growth of H37Rv at 250 μg/mL. The results suggest that Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Cola cordifolia, Strychnos spinosa and Ximenia Americana could be potential sources of antimycobacterial molecules

Biochemical Characterization and Nutritional Profile of Jam and Syrup from Saba senegalensis fruit in Côte d'Ivoire

Saba senegalensis is a plant to the family of Apocynaceae and its fruit called Saba is mainly used as food. For better valorisation, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of jam and syrup derived of this fruit. The study was carried out on the fruit of Saba senegalensis harvested in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. After jam and syrup formulation, pH, dry matter, ash, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, anti-nutritionals factors and nutritional profile have been determined. The results showed that jam and syrup of Saba were acidic with respective pH of 3.11 ± 0.01 and 3.65 ± 0.05. They contented higher in carbohydrates with respective rates of 56.53 ± 0.24 % and 66.27 ± 1.08 %. Vitamin C rate in jam and syrup was respectively about 20.01 ± 0.01 mg/100 g and 18.33 ± 2.22 mg/100 g. The most important mineral was potassium which rate is 136.71 ± 4.08 mg/100 g and 241.76 ± 5.9 mg/100 g in jam and syrup respectively. They also contain phytonutrients such as polyphenols (respectively 103.18 ± 0.69 mg/100 g and 3.29 ± 0.02 mg/100 g) and antinutritional factors such as oxalates (respectively 102.01 ± 6.93 mg/100 g and 19.96 ± 0.01 mg/100 g). Nutritional profile has classified Saba Senegalensis jam and syrup to the group 4 of foods, foods that must be eaten occasionally. The transformation of Saba in jam and syrup could be a good way to valorise this fruit and also ensuring its consumption through the year.

Variabilité démographique de Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon suivant le gradient climatique au Burkina Faso

Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon est une liane ligneuse de la famille des Apocynaceae. Elle est aussi appelée liane goïne. Les produits forestiers non ligneux obtenus à partir de cette espèce ont une grande importance socio-économique au Burkina Faso. Cependant, les caractéristiques démographiques de l’espèce sont peu connues bien que nécessaires pour mettre en place des programmes de gestion durable. La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les caractéristiques démographiques de S. senegalensis suivant le gradient climatique au Burkina Faso. Un échantillonnage aléatoire orienté a conduit à installer des placeaux de 1 000 m2 pour l’inventaire des populations. Les mesures dendrométriques ont concerné le diamètre de la tige au collet et à 1,30 m du sol pour les individus adultes et les diamètres à 20 cm du sol et au collet, respectivement pour les jeunes plants et les plantules. L’indice de Green, la densité, le diamètre moyen des tiges et la surface terrière ont été calculés et comparés entre les zones climatiques. Les résultats ont montré une distribution agrégative de S. senegalensis révélée par l’indice de Green. La densité, le diamètre moyen et la surface terrière ont varié significativement (p < 0,05) entre les zones climatiques. Les fortes densités des sujets adultes de S. senegalensis se trouvent dans les zone sahélienne et soudanienne. Le modèle linéaire généralisé montre que la température et les précipitations ont une influence sur l’établissement de la régénération de S. senegalensis. La structure démographique a révélé une abondance de juvéniles qui représentent un important potentiel de renouvellement des populations. S. senegalensis montre une certaine résilience de ses populations ; mais, du fait de la péjoration climatique et de la pression anthropique, la conservation de l’espèce dans son habitat naturel reste aléatoire.

Viability and germination capacities of Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon seeds, a multi-purpose agroforestry species in West Africa

Viabilite et capacites de germination des graines de Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon, une espece agroforestiere a multiple usages en Afrique de l’Ouest Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon est une liane ligneuse de la famille des Apocynaceae, originaire d’Afrique subsaharienne. L’espece est connue comme une plante alimentaire a multiple usages avec un fort potentiel de contribution a la conservation des sols et de l’eau. Cependant, il existe peu d’etudes sur la variation entre les provenances de l’espece et les capacites de germination des graines de l'espece. De telles informations sont pourtant necessaires aux initiatives de domestication ainsi que pour les programmes de conservation. La presente etude vise a evaluer les variations inter-provenances, l’effet de la duree de conservation et les conditions de conservation sur la viabilite des graines de S. senegalensis. Les facteurs experimentaux etaient le depulpage et le non depulpage de semences de neuf provenances et le stockage des semences en conditions ambiantes et au refrigerateur a 5°C. Les parametres de germination ont ete calcules et les valeurs soumises a une ANOVA. Les graines non depulpees n’ont pas germe alors que celles depulpees ont donne des taux de germination variant de 59% a 92% en fonction des provenances avec une valeur moyenne de 77 ± 16.87 %. La provenance n’a pas eu d’effet significatif ni sur la capacite de germination ni sur le temps moyen de germination. Cependant, des differences significatives ont ete observees entre certaines provenances pour la duree (p= 0.023) et la vitesse (p= 0.037) de germination. Par ailleurs, le stockage des fruits au refrigerateur conserve la capacite de germination des graines jusqu’a 3 mois. En complement des resultats de la presente etude, des recherches futures sont necessaires pour comprendre les interactions potentielles entre la duree de stockage des graines et les provenances..

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin A Deficiency among Children and Women in Senegal

Background: Like many developing countries, Senegal does not have data on the extent of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) that is representative of its population. The present survey was conducted to fill this gap and to identify factors associated with VAD, prior to the introduction of a large-scale vitamin A oil fortification program. Procedures: A nationwide representative cross-sectional survey involving 1887 children 12 to 59 months old and 1316 women of reproductive age (WRA) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of retinol (PR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-acidglycoprotein were measured. PR was adjusted for subclinical inflammation using the BRINDA regression methodology. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with VAD. Findings: The adjusted prevalence of VAD (PR ≤ 0.7 μmol/L) in children was 15.3% and differed by age group, area of residence, and socioeconomic status and half of them had subclinical inflammation. Among WRA, VAD was low (2.3%) and 18.1% had vitamin A insufficiency (VAI). Pregnant women were more affected by VAI (28.4%) and Dakar had lower figures compared with other cities and rural strata. Prevalence of VAI decreased with increasing wealth quintile. In logistic regression, abnormal CRP, poverty, scarce consumption of poultry, oysters, melon, red palm oil, palm kernel oil, Saba senegalensis fruit pulp (Maad) and cowpea, frequent consumption of leeks and consumption of Leptadenia hastata leaves (Mbuum tiakhat), were associated with VAD in children. For women, lower socioeconomic status, fair or poor health status and anemia were negatively associated with VAI. Conclusions: In Senegal, VAD is a moderate public health problem in children and slight among women. Particular attention should be paid to children older than 23 months, pregnant women, rural populations, and poorest households. Nutritional interventions should be implemented alongside morbidity prevention and control. Keywords: vitamin A deficiency, children 12-59 months, women of reproductive age, Senegal.

Host range and species diversity of Tephritidae of three plant formations in Western Burkina Faso.

In Western Burkina Faso, the host range of fruit flies was evaluated in three plant formations between May 2017 and April 2019. Samples of 61 potential hosts were collected and incubated for fruit fly emergence. Twenty-seven hosts including cultivated and wild fruit were identified. Among cultivated fruit species, mango, and guava were the most infested while high infestation incidences were observed in the fruit of the indigenous plants Vitellaria paradoxa, Annona senegalensis, Sarcocephalus latifolius, and Saba senegalensis. Low infestation rates were observed in Anacardium occidentale, Citrus species, Opilia celtidifolia, and Cissus populnea. The highest infestation index (1648.57 flies kg-1) was observed from V. paradoxa. Eleven new host fruit infested with many fruit fly species are reported in Burkina Faso. A total of 18 fruit fly species were reared; Bactrocera dorsalis (42.94%), Ceratitis cosyra (29.93%), and Ceratitis silvestrii (22.33%) dominated those that emerged. Four fruit fly species have been detected for the first time in Burkina Faso. The main suitable fruit hosts are abundant and available from May through August during the rainy season and become rare and have low infestation from November to April during the dry season. This is the first study of its kind in the region. This study shows that the three plant formations had an impact on population dynamics of the three tephritid species of economic importance in Western Burkina Faso. This information should be integrated into the development of a fruit fly pests management strategy.

Potential anti-diabetic property of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Saba senegalensis Pichon (apocynaceae) in mice

This study made it possible to demonstrate that Saba senegalensis has hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglyvemic effects in mice. The aqueous extract of Saba senegalensis from 75 to 250 mg / Kg bw causes a dose-dependent hypoglycemia ranging from 4.84 to 34.62% (p <0.01-0.05), in normoglycemic mice, 60 minutes after treatment. The Glucose-Induced Hyperglycemia Orally (OPGH) test showed that in the presence of Saba senegalensis aqueous extract at a concentration between 75 and 250mg/Kg bw, the glucose-induced hyperglycemic peak (3g/Kg bw) is reduced from 26.49 to 71.77% (p < 0.01-0.05), 30 minutes after treatment. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of this plant in doses up to 5000 mg / Kg bw resulted in no deaths in mice during two weeks of observation.  Â

Chemical Characterization and Anti-Radical Activity of Fruits and Vegetables Commonly Consumed in Brazzaville

The objective of this study was to analyze ten (10) species of edible vegetables and nine (9) fruit commonly found in Congo (Brazzaville) in order to determine their total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and their antiradical activity by the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results obtained showed that the highest TPC and TFC were found, on the one hand, in the extracts of four species of vegetables, i.e. Ipomoea batatas L. (536.02 ± 0.01 mg of GAE/100 g DW; 486.46 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100 g DW), Cucurbita pepo (533.60 ± 0.05 mg of GAE/100 g DW; 303.72 ± 0 mg of QtE/100 g DW), Hibiscus sabdariffa (421.02 ± 0.015 mg of GAE/100 g DW; 243.49 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100 g DW), Solanum negrum 1 (412.10 ± 0.05 mg of GAE/100 g DW; 292.10 ± 0.14 mg of QtE/100 g of DW) and, on the other hand, in the extracts of two species of fruit, i.e. Chrysophyllum lacourtianum (532.79 ± 0.19 mg of GAE/100 g of DW; 380.55 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100 g of DW) and seeds of Aframomum alboviolaceum (469.38 ± 0.28 mg of GAE/100 g DW; 107.27 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100 g DW). The lowest TPC and TFC were obtained with the extracts of Brassica campestris and of Spinacia oleracea, respectively 97.78 ± 0.17 GAE mg/100 g DW and 27.52 ± 0.10 QtE mg/100 g DW. The extract of the Saba senegalensis pulp had the lowest TPC and TFC. In addition, the highest antiradical activity was observed with extracts from vegetables and fruit with high TPC and TFC. The results indicate that these vegetables and fruit could be potential sources of the phenolic compounds and the biomolecules having several biological activities. Thus, their consumption might be an alternative in the prevention of chronic diseases.

Circulation des produits forestiers non-ligneux à Dakar : Logiques et fonctionnement des filières de Detarium senegalense et Saba senegalensis

La question de l’approvisionnement des produits forestiers non-ligneux de plus en plus transformes a ete souvent etudiee dans le cadre des relations entre les zones de production et les lieux de consommation (Ch. Ba, 2000, p. 1). Diverses etudes ont suffisamment demontre le caractere informel des echanges entre les espaces de provenance et de destination des produits alimentaires (M. Padilla et H. Bencharif, 2001, p. 261). Cet article s’interesse au circuit de deux produits forestiers non-ligneux : Detarium senegalense (Ditakh) et Saba senegalensis (Maad) dans l’agglomeration dakaroise. L’etude se fonde sur l’hypothese que le fonctionnement de la filiere est determine par des logiques socioeconomiques (confiance et profit). La methodologie est basee sur un suivi saisonnier des produits debarques sur le marche urbain. Elle est completee par l’application d’un guide d’entretien pour recueillir les informations sur les acteurs de la filiere urbaine. Cette demarche a permis de demontrer que la performance de la filiere est liee a la personnalite des acteurs qui manipulent la fixation des prix.

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Leaves of Saba senegalensis (A.DC) Pichon (Apocynaceae)

Aims: To evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts of Saba senegalensis leaves.
 Study Design: In vitro antioxidant assay and in vivo anti-inflammatory, analgesic assay of Saba senegalensis extracts.
 Place and Duration of Study: Saba senegalensis leaves, were collected in the Centre Region of Burkina Faso, in June–July 2015. The experiments were conducted at the department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH) of Institute of Research in Health Science (IRSS).
 Methodology: The anti-oedematous tests with carrageenan and the analgesic with acetic acid and investigate effect on isolated organ were carried out. The standards were acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol.
 Results: After five hours of carrageenan-induced edema test, aqueous decoction (AD) presented better inhibition on all measure. In fact, at the different doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg it presented percentages of inhibitions respectively of 30.81%, 62.27% and 72.71%. For the analgesic test, the hydroethanol macerate (HEM) showed a better pain reduction compared to the AD with a maximum effect of 77.28% at 400 mg/kg. Antioxidant activity with AD and his fractions shows that AD showed a better activity for the DPPH assay with an IC50 of 1.74 ± 0.10 μg/mL and a reducing power of 59.53 ± 2.16 mmol ET/g Sample. For HEM and his fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction (FHEM-AcOEt) showed a better IC50 of 0.18 ± 0.01 μg/mL for the DPPH test and dichloromethane fraction (FHEM-DCM) a reducing power agent of 88.88 ± 2.65 mmol ET/g Sample. All fractions were endowed with antioxidant properties by both methods.
 Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the presence of phenolic and terpenoid compounds could explain the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of these extracts.