Ry Values Research Articles

Determination of life background and academic integrity on academic cheating behavior (Case Study of Economic Education Student’s, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Lambung Mangkurat University)

This study aims to determine the level of life background and academic integrity possessed by students and their determination of academic cheating behavior.
 This research is a quantitative study with a correlational design using survey methods. The questionnaire met the validity test with a KMO value of 0.736. The instrument was declared are reliable with a value of 0.863 for the life background, 0.830 for the academic integrity and 0.752 for the academic cheating behavior.
 Academic cheating behavior that is most often done by students is cheating; students who classified as high cheating behavior as much as 54.5%. Academic Integrity after being controlled by Life Background has a regression coefficient on Academic Cheating Behavior of ry2-1=0.66 with a determination of 43.9%. The correlation coefficient between life background and academic integrity is r12=0.56; p <0.01. The value of the correlation coefficient between academic integrity variables on cheating behavior is ry2 = -0.60; p <0.01. The highest contribution was found in the variable Trust, a simple correlation was ry2 = -0.64; p <0.01, a partial correlation was ry1-2 = -0.51 with a determinant of 25.7%. The correlation coefficient between life background and academic cheating is ry1 = -0.571; p <0.01. The indicator that gave the highest contribution was Peers with a value of ry = -0.56; p <0.01.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEPTION AND RESPONSIBILITY WITH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MANAGING COVID 19 IN CIPONDOH DISTRICT, TANGERANG CITY

The results to be obtained in the research are the relationship between public perception and community participation in overcoming Covid 19, the relationship between responsibility and community participation in overcoming Covid 19, as well as the relationship between perception and responsibility together with community participation in overcoming Covid 19. This research is correlational quantitative, involving 100 community members in the RW. 08 Cipondoh Village, Cipondoh District, Tangerang City, which was selected by means of Proportionate Random Sampling. Data were obtained through a calibrated questionnaire. From the research, data obtained: (1) that public perception has a positive and significant relationship with community participation in handling Covid 19, with a value of ry.1 = 0.731 >rtable (rtable = 0.195 at = 0.05 and rtable = 0.256 at = 0.01). (2) that responsibility has a positive and significant relationship with community participation in the response to Covid 19, with a value of ry.1 = 0.661 >rtable (rtable = 0.195 at = 0.05 and rtable = 0.256 at = 0.01). (3) that public perception and responsibility together have a positive and significant relationship with community participation in the prevention of Covid 19, with a value of ry.1 = 0.808 >rtable (rtable = 0.195 at = 0.05 and rtable = 0.256 at = 0.01).

Relationship of community leaders and social cultural environment with community participation in management of COVID-19 in Tangerang City

This study is to obtain data related to the correlation of community leaders' leadership and the socio-cultural environment (independent variable) with community participation in handling Covid 19 (dependent variable), both varcial (each independent variable) or together. The line of thought in this study uses a correlational quantitative approach. The sample involved 100 community members, which is 20% of the total 520 population in the RW. 06 Padurenan Village, Karang Tengah District, Tangerang City, and selected by proportional random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire that was calibrated before use. This study produces data: (1) that the leadership of community leaders has a positive and significant relationship with community participation in preventing Covid 19, with a value of ry.1 = 0.669 > rtable (rtable = 0.195 at = 0.05 and rtable = 0.256 at = 0 ,01). (2) that the socio-cultural environment has a positive and significant relationship with community participation in handling Covid 19, with a value of ry.1 = 0.697 > rtable (rtable = 0.195 at = 0.05 and rtable = 0.256 at = 0.01).

The Influence of Learning Organization on Teacher’s Job Performance

This study aims to find efforts to improve teacher performance at Public Junior High Schools in South Tangerang City by examining the relationship between learning organizations, examining and developing the strengths of the relationship/influence between these variables, as follows: The relationship between learning organization with teacher performance, the relationship between learning organization and teacher performance. The quantitative method is the research method used. Based on the results of the multiple regression test (Ry (1,2)), it shows that the value of Ry (1,2) is 14.65, which means that the Learning Organization variable has a positive effect on the performance of teachers in SMP N Kota Tanggerang Selatan in the 2020/2021 school year. Based on the results of the F test, it was obtained that the Fcount value was 2615.3. When compared with the Ftable value of 0.1648 at the 5% significance level, then Fcount> Ftable (2615.3> 0.16), so this value is significant. Based on SPSS calculations, the value of the coefficient of determination obtained is 0.874. This shows that 87.4% of organizational learning, the remaining 12.6% is due to other factors not examined.

Competition Indices Identify Forb Species That Promote Overyielding of a Dominant Grass in Grassland Restoration

Overyielding is a common phenomenon. Overyielding of dominant grasses when in competition with common forbs during grassland restoration could lead to lower plant diversity. My objective was to characterize overyielding of Andropogon gerardii in competition with fcommon forbs. I collected soils representing different stages of restoration (0, 4, and 16 years restored) and conducted a pairwise competition experiment with a dominant grass, Andropogon gerardii, in competition with four subordinate forbs (Oligoneuron rigidum L., Liatris punctata Hook, Lespedeza capitata Michx., or Desmanthus illinoensis Michx.). Relative yield indices (RY) were calculated by comparison with a two-individual monoculture of A. gerardii with both per grass biomass and per grass net absolute tiller appearance rate (TAR). Overyielding of A. gerardii was in competition with Oligoneuron rigidum was indicated by RY values (greater than1) using both biomass and TAR measurements. These findings suggest that O. rigidum should be given low priority for inclusion in tallgrass prairie restoration seed mixes.

Staff experiences and understandings of the REsTRAIN Yourself initiative to minimize the use of physical restraint on mental health wards

International efforts to minimize coercive practices include the US Six Core Strategies© (6CS). This innovative approach has limited evidence of its effectiveness, with few robustly designed studies, and has not been formally implemented or evaluated in the UK. An adapted version of the 6CS, which we called 'REsTRAIN Yourself' (RY), was devised to suit the UK context and evaluated using mixed methods. RY aimed to reduce the use of physical restraint in mental health inpatient ward settings through training and practice development with whole teams, directly in the ward settings where change was to be implemented and barriers to change overcome. In this paper, we present qualitative findings that report on staff perspectives of the impact and value of RY following its implementation. Thirty-six staff participated in semi-structured interviews with data subject to thematic analysis. Eight themes are reported that highlight perceived improvements in every domain of the 6CS after RY had been introduced. Staff reported more positively on their relationships with service users and felt their attitudes towards the use of coercive practices such as restraint were changed; the service as a whole shifted in terms of restraint awareness and reduction; and new policies, procedures, and language were introduced despite certain barriers. These findings need to be appreciated in a context wherein substantial reductions in the use of physical restraint were proven possible, largely due to building upon empathic and relational alternatives. However, yet more could be achieved with greater resourcing of inpatient care.

An Experimental Investigation on Response of cBN Super Abrasive’s Grinding Performance and Failure Characteristics to the Grinding Speed

Cubic Boron Nitride (cBN), a kind of super abrasive material with excellent properties, is widely applied into the manufacturing of high end grinding tools especially for high speed machining fields. During the actual grinding process, abrasive failure phenomena take place, which affects the grinding tool performance, and then the final machining quality. Considering the high speed applicability of cBN grinding tools, it is of significance to investigate the failure mechanism and grinding performance of cBN abrasives at different grinding speeds, in particular under high speed condition. Therefore, this paper carries out an investigation of cBN abrasive failure behavior taking grinding speed sensitivity into consideration. Given that the random and diversity of multi-abrasives distributed upon grinding tools contributes to the complexity of the study, single cBN abrasive cutting experiments are conducted under four grinding speed levels of 40, 60, 80 and 100 m/s, respectively. When all experiments are completed, abrasive failure patterns can be identified through observation on the morphology of ground cBN abrasives bonded on cutting inserts using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on the analysis of experimental results, it is shown that for the cBN abrasives studied in this paper, abrasive breakage occurs at low grinding speed, but as speed increases, cBN abrasives tend to get worn. The change of grinding forces, as well as roughness Ry values, can show the detailed failure behavior of tested cBN abrasives with time dependent features. In addition, G ratio rises with the increase of grinding speed, which demonstrates the high productivity potential of cBN high speed grinding. Finally, an in-depth analysis concerning on cBN material’s crystal characteristics and energy threshold (binding energy) is discussed, which provides an intrinsic explanation on the influence of grinding speed upon cBN abrasive failure mechanism.

Response to selection of growth traits in Aceh cattle

This research aimed to find out the genetic progress for Aceh cattle by several growth traits selection such as birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), mature weight (MW) of does to identify the best selection response from bulls and cows breeding patterns. The recorded data of production and reproduction of Aceh cattle from 2010 to 2014 at breeding centre were analyzed and used as a technical coefficient on estimate heritability (h 2 ), genetic correlation (r G ), direct selection response (R Y ) and correlated selection response (CR Y ) on several breeding patterns. Most of h 2 and r G value among growth traits were positive and high. The highest value of Ry found on BW (0.04), WW (1.21), YW (2.05), MW (3.28) and this was obtained on breeding pattern for 3 years and cow for 6 years. The indirect selection or CR Y value based on BW were lower than WW. It is concluded that WW might be used as selection criterion in order to increase WW, YW and MW.

Comparison of the Bearing Capacity of Dry and Wet Cutting Surfaces

The performance of high strength steels is sensitive to the surface quality of machined surfaces. The effect of cutting condition on the variation of surface roughness in turning of 30CrMnSiA steel has been investigated through a serial of dry and oil-lubricant cutting tests. The characters of an amplitude characteristics set, Ra, Ry and tp, which are associated with the general shape of the machined surface profiles, are investigated in this study. It is concluded that, in the aspect of Ra and Ry values, dry cutting condition provides a similar surface roughness as in wet cutting condition under the experimental conditions of the present research; the bearing capacity of both kinds of machined surfaces, characterized by the bearing length rate tp, could be different according to the cutting parameters combinations.

Chemical adhesion rather than mechanical retention enhances resin bond durability of a dental glass-ceramic with leucite crystallites

This study aims to evaluate the effect of chemical adhesion by a silane coupler and mechanical retention by hydrofluoric acid (HFA) etching on the bond durability of resin to a dental glass ceramic with leucite crystallites. Half of the ceramic plates were etched with 4.8% HFA (HFA group) for 60 s, and the other half were not treated (NoHFA group). The scale of their surface roughness and rough area was measured by a 3D laser scanning microscope. These plates then received one of the following two bond procedures to form four bond test groups: HFA/cement, NoHFA/cement, HFA/silane/cement and NoHFA/silane/cement. The associated micro-shear bond strength and bond failure modes were tested after 0 and 30 000 thermal water bath cycles. Four different silane/cement systems (Monobond S/Variolink II, GC Ceramic Primer/Linkmax HV, Clearfil Ceramic Primer/Clearfil Esthetic Cement and Porcelain Liner M/SuperBond C&B) were used. The data for each silane/cement system were analyzed by three-way ANOVA. HFA treatment significantly increased the surface Ra and Ry values and the rough area of the ceramic plates compared with NoHFA treatment. After 30 000 thermal water bath cycles, the bond strength of all the test groups except the HFA/Linkmax HV group was significantly reduced, while the HFA/Linkmax HV group showed only adhesive interface failure. The other HFA/cement groups and all NoHFA/cement groups lost bond strength completely, and all NoHFA/silane/cement groups with chemical adhesion had significantly higher bond strength and more ceramic cohesive failures than the respective HFA/cement groups with mechanical retention. The result of the HFA/silane/cement groups with both chemical adhesion and mechanical retention revealed that HFA treatment could enhance the bond durability of resin/silanized glass ceramics, which might result from the increase of the chemical adhesion area on the ceramic rough surface and subsequently reduced degradation speed of the silane coupler, rather than the mechanical retention of the ceramic rough surface.

Competitive ability of sicklepod (<i>Senna obtusifolia</i> (L) irwin and barneby) in two-species combinations with <i>Chrolomaena odorata </i>(L) K & R and <i>Euphorbia heterophylla</i> L.

The natural fallow through which the fertility of tropical soils is restored and the weed pressure is alleviated can no longer be sustained. However, improved bush fallow using fast-growing, deep-rooting and good biomass-accumulating shrubby legumes provides a good alternative. The suitability of Senna obtusifolia in improved fallow management was investigated by studying its competitive ability relative to Chromolaena odorata (siam weed) and Euphorbia heterophylla (poinsettia weed) in replacement series studies at four total densities (29, 58, 115 and 230 plants.m -2 ) in pure stands and at three total densities (58, 115 and 230 plants.m -2 ) in equiproportion mixture. Replacement series diagrams were drawn and relative competitive ability indices (Relative Yield, RY; Relative Yield Total, RYT; Relative Replacement Rate, RRR) were determined from the plant dry weight (PDW). In the replacement series diagrams of Senna/Chromolaena combination, the curves of the PDW/pot and those of the RY were convex for the two species. The RY values were 0.64+-0.12 and 0.59+-0.05 for S. obtusifolia and C. odorata respectively. The RYT and RRR, averaged over all densities, were 1.23+-0.08 and 1.27+-0.17 respectively. However, in the Senna/Euphorbia combination, the curves were convex for S. obtusifolia and concave for E. heterophylla . The RY values were 0.81+-0.06 for S. obtusifolia and 0.23+-0.05 for E. heterophylla respectively. The RYT and RRR values for the combination were 1.05+-0.07 and 11.07+-2.40 respectively. The results indicated that though S. obtusifolia and C. odorata attained equilibrium growth with RYT significantly deviated from unity (RYT>1) when grown in mixture, S. obtusifolia exerted greater replacement pressure than C. odorata. Conversely, in the Senna/Euphorbia combination, there was a competitive relationship (RYT+-1) in which S. obtusifolia was the aggressor and E. heterophylla the subordinate species. The study showed that while S. obtusifolia exhibited obvious competitive superiority in mixture with E. heterophylla , the superiority was less obvious in mixture with C. odorata . Keywords : Competition; fallow management; helioplastic response; weed control Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7 (1&2) 2006 pp. 85-92

Does sunspot number calibration by the “magnetic needle” make sense?

It has been suggested recently that early sunspot numbers should be re-calibrated and significantly corrected using the observed daily range of the geomagnetic declination (so-called rY values). The suggested “correction” method makes an a priori detrending of the rY series and then extends the linear regression between rY and sunspot numbers established for the last 25 years to earlier times. The suggested “correction” of sunspot numbers by roughly 30% goes far beyond the traditional estimates of observational uncertainties of sunspots. Concentrating here on Zürich sunspot numbers ( R z ), we demonstrate that the rY values do not actually imply that the observed R z values in the 19th century are systematically underestimated. Rather, we find that the R z numbers are fairly uniform after mid-19th century. The suggested “correction” is largely induced by the detrending of the rY series, which enhances the rY-based sunspot activity in the 19th century relative to later times. We also show that while the annually averaged declinations have a rough relation between sunspots and other related solar parameters, this relation is strongly seasonally dependent and, therefore, not sufficiently accurate or uniform to allow annually averaged rY values to be used as a very reliable proxy of solar activity in early times.

Study of periodic overloads at a fixed overload-ratio: Yildirim, N. and Vardar, O. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1990 36, (1), 71–76

The matched expansion method, introduced by the authors in two earlier papers (1976) devoted to mode III loading, is applied to the practically important case of mode I loading of a symmetric specimen. The method allows the linear elastic far-field to be considered separately from the elasto-plastic near-tip field, except for coupling through a set of parameters that are determined explicitly in the matching. The effects of the plasticity are thus found, once and for all, from the solution of a set of standard elasto-plastic problems for a semi-infinite crack in an infinite body, whose properties may be tabulated. The solution for any particular specimen geometry and loading then follows from a small set of linear elastic solutions for the specimen, which define, through coefficients γij appearing in their near-tip expansions, all the parameters in the “inner” and “outer” solutions. The effects of plasticity appear in these parameters only through a set of constants Cti that define the far-field expansions of the “inner” (near-tip) solutions: they are material constants, depending upon the constitutive relation for the material, but not upon specimen geometry and loading. The J-integral, being obtainable from the far-field, is expressed as an explicit asymptotic series in the loading parameter ε, whose coefficients are given as functions of the “elastic” parameters γij and the material constants Ci. It is demonstrated that a plastic-zone correction term, ry, can be chosen to yield a two-term asymptotic expansion for J; the value of ry depends upon the yielding model only through the constant C1.The Dugdale (1960) model of yielding is treated, as a simple example for which all calculations can be performed analytically, and for which exact solutions are available for comparison.Finally, the near-tip solutions are constructed for a material obeying the Mises yield criterion and associated flow-rule, using a specially developed finite element program. The first eight of the constants Ci are tabulated, which suffice to define the J-integral up to terms of order ε6 (where ε is a loading parameter) and some representative near-tip features are displayed graphically. The computed value of C1 shows that the conventionally adopted value for the plastic-zone correction ry is too large by a factor of roughly 2.8, if it is to yield a genuine asymptotic estimate for J. As an example, the “elastic” parameters γij are found, from a boundary collocation program, for a centre-cracked square plate subjected to tensile loading; and a plot of J versus load, and the plastic-zone shape at a particular load level, are displayed.

ON THE WAVE RUN-UP AFTER BREAKING ON THE BEACH RT HIRATSUKA, KANAGAWA PREFECTURE

The previous paper (Terada, 1972) has discussed the daily changes of the longitudinal profile of the beach. This paper describes the relationship between the wave run-up after breaking and deep water waves. Symbols used in this paper and their definitions are given in Fig. 1. Table 1 shows the results of measurments of deep water waves and the wave run-up during the survey period. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between the relative run-up height R/H0 and the deep water wave steepness H0/L0. In this figure it is noticed that R/H0 decreases with increasing H0/L0. The equation obtained for the beach at Hiratsuka is given as follows: R/H0=0, 118(H0/L0)-0.5. (1) Hunt (1959) expressed the laboratory relationship between R/H0 and H0/L0 by the fol-lowing equation: R/H0=1, 01tan α(H0/L0)-0.5φ; (2) where tan a is beach slope, and φ is the reduction factor which decreases with increasing sand grain size. Accordingly, in case where tan a and H0/L0 are constant, R/H0 varies with the value of φ. Namely, the relative run-up height decreases with increasing sand grain size. Applying Eq. (2) to Hiratsuka and substituting tan α=0.102 and φ=0.82 (dm s≈1.0mm) into the equation, we obtain the following equation: R/H0=0, 083(H0/L0)-0.5. (3) Comparing Eq. (1) with Eq. (3), the actual value of R/H0 is about 40% larger than the estimated value by Eq. (2) for the same value of H0/L0. This discord may probably be caused by the difference between the irregular wave in the present field and the regular wave in the wave tank experiment. Figure 4 shows the relationship between the wave run-up length Rx and the breaker height Hb, Rx tending to increase with increasing Hb. The relationship between Rx and Hb takes the form: Rx=17.6Hb. (4) In the investigation of the wave run-up on the beach at Santa Rosa Island, U. S. A. Waddell (1973) formulated the relationship between Rx and Hb in the following equation: Rx=57.8 Hb. (5) Comparing Eq. (4) with Eq. (5), the value of Rx on Santa Rosa Island is about 3 times larger than that on Hiratsuka for the same value of Hb. Some study on the notable dif-ference in Rx at both locations will be attempted in the following. Table 2 shows the conditions of topographic feature, beach sand and breaker height on Hiratsuka and on Santa Rosa Island. Except the beach slope which is approximately equal at both locations, great differences between the both locations are present in the foreshore width, backshore width and sand grain size. These factors on Hiratsuka are about 2 to 4 times larger than those on Santa Rosa Island, and further, the specific gravity of minerals consituting th beach sand is slightly larger in the case of Hiratsuka. The breaker height on Hiratsuka is about 3 times larger than that on Santa Rosa Island. H0/L0 is theoretically represented Hunt's equation (2), from which R is derived as follows: R=1, 01 tan α H0 (H0/L0)-0.5φ. (6) Also, as it is obvious in Fig. 1, Ry can be written in the form: Ry=Rx•tan α. (7) The value of R in Eq. (6) is not equal to the value of Ry in Eq. (7). However, as both are equivalent to each other in their physical phenomena, Eq. (6) is expressed by the fol-lowing equation, which is obtained by substituting Eq. (7) into R in Eq. (6):