Russian State Hydrometeorological University Research Articles

Анализ квалификационных работ студентов в свете перехода на новые образовательный и профессиональные стандарты. 10 лет направлению обучения 35.03.08 «Водные биоресурсы и аквакультура» в Российском государственном гидрометеорологическом университете

The article demonstrates the role of students’ practical activities in studying with the educational program of the bachelor's degree educational programme 35.03.08 "Aquatic bioresources and aquaculture" at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University. It is shown that the role of students’ practical activity increases in connection with the approval of new Educational and Professional Standards. It is emphasized that the indicator of the level of students’ professional skills in practical activity is the preparation of the qualification work in the framework of the State Final Certification. The qualification works were analyzed: 64 bachelors’ final qualification works and 8 master's theses. It is pointed out that the relevance and scientific and practical significance of the topics of the qualification works, as well as the wide coverage of problems related to the state and artificial breeding of aquatic bioresources, confirm the practice-oriented educational program and its high practical significance. In choosing the topics of the qualification works, the students were guided by their relevance, innovation and prospects, and also showed an interest in exotic types of aquaculture.

Долгосрочное прогнозирование стоковых характеристик методом математического моделирования гидрологических процессов

In recent decades, climatic anomalies have been recorded that give rise to long-term changes in the hydrometeorological regime and the system of interaction of the water mass with the underlying surface, in particular, on channel and floodplain sections of rivers that are the site of underwater crossings of main pipelines. Currently, these changes are not taken into account during the course of design & engineering, construction and operation of underwater crossings, although the period of safe operation of the pipeline depends on the conditions that the engineering structure is exposed to. In this article, the influence of long-term changes in the hydro-meteorological situation on the runoff characteristics of the river Ob located near the alignment of the underwater crossing of the Aleksandrovskoe – Anzhero-Sudzhensk main pipeline has been considered. It has been determined that the method developed by the Russian State Hydrometeorological University is optimal for runoff characteristics prediction. Using this mathematical model, changes in the hydrometeorological regime have been assessed in the river Ob – Aleksandrovskoe section, a violation of its stationarity in 1979–1980 was established. The main flow-forming factors – the amount of precipitation and the temperature regime – have been determined. Approbation of the runoff formation model showed that the maximum convergence of the predicted and actual values is observed when using predictions with an additional parameter. To predict the runoff characteristics for 2011–2040, climatic scenarios were used as initial data – representative concentration trajectories according to which the temperature and precipitation amount is expected to increase during the specified period of time. The results obtained indicate a tendency for an increase in water content and a redistribution of runoff vs. time, which, in turn, will catalyze the intensity of the processes of channel and floodplain deformation. It is concluded that it is necessary to consolidate the use of the prediction of runoff characteristics in regulatory documents in order to increase the efficiency of measures to ensure the safe operation of underwater crossings of trunk pipelines, as well as the accuracy of calculations in the design and construction of these facilities.

Russian State Hydrometeorological University is 90 years old

The article is devoted to the history of creation and development of the world’s only specialized hydrometeorological higher educational institution — the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU). The evolution of the University, its scientific schools, traditions, achievements and the main stages of development for the entire period of its existence are considered. The role of the University, which has produced many outstanding scientists and leaders of the industry, in the development of national science and in the training of scientific personnel is shown.

Modeling the variability of the atmospheric gas composition at RSHU

A set of numerical models of the lower and middle atmosphere gas composition has been created at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU). The set of RSHU numerical models consists of a global chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere (0-90 km), a chemistry-transport model (CTM) of the troposphere and stratosphere gas composition with meteorological parameters specified from reanalysis data (0-60 km), and a model of Eurasia air quality (0-32 km). All models use a single block of chemical transformations in the atmosphere and different ways of using meteorological parameters that determine the effect of atmospheric transport on atmospheric gases. The CCM allows us to study the interaction of physical and chemical processes in the lower and middle atmosphere, the CTM is suitable for studying the influence of chemical processes on the gas composition of the atmosphere under a given influence of dynamic factors, and the air quality model can be used to analyze the impact of surface emissions of pollutants and meteorological conditions on the observed variability of air quality in different parts of Eurasia. Numerical experiments with RSHU CCM described in this article allowed us to identify the relative role of natural and anthropogenic factors in the interannual variability of atmospheric ozone in tropical, middle and polar latitudes. Quantitative estimates of ozone trends revealed a greater rate of ozone decrease in Northern mid-latitude compared to its variability in the tropical latitudes. During periods of sharp ozone decrease and then recovery in the 90th years of the twentieth century, in the tropics and mid-latitudes, the additive role played by the combination of several factors: the fall in ozone as a result of increased content of chlorine and bromine gases and reduction in solar activity and the role of sea surface temperature on the background of increasing chlorine and bromine gases and the increase in the ozone content in the result of the purification of stratospheric aerosol and the influence of the variability of sea surface temperature and growth of solar activity. The results of numerical calculations with CTM demonstrated the predominant role of dynamic processes in the formation of winter-spring ozone anomalies in the Arctic and Subarctic. Rapid use of the air quality model has shown the important impact of meteorological conditions on air quality in Eurasia

Results of research in the field of remote sensing methods for detecting oil pollution on the water surface conducted at the RSHU

The article presents the scientific results which are a generalization of almost twenty years of experience of the staff of the department of information technology and security systems of the Russian State Hydrometeorological University in the field of remote sensing methods of oil pollution on the water surface. The choice of radar systems for the implementation of remote monitoring of the water surface on the characteristics of efficiency and coverage of the area of responsibility is substantiated. Structurally, the radar monitoring system should consist of a network of centimeter and millimeter range radar systems. The use of centimeter-range radar systems is due to the preservation of their operability during intense precipitation. Millimeter-wave radar systems are characterized by higher radar contrast, which significantly increases the effectiveness of environmental monitoring of water areas, their performance depending on the weather conditions. Thus, a combination of radars of two ranges allows continuous monitoring of the water area in any weather conditions. Radar systems are a recording module as part of an object monitoring system. The facility monitoring system, in addition to existing systems at the regional level, allows to receive information on the environmental situation promptly. This is especially true in case of emergency situations that occur during loading and transportation of oil products and other environmentally hazardous substances. The most significant result of many years of research is the concept of an automated distributed system for remote environmental monitoring of the water surface. For each module of the system, methods and models for processing spatial data and algorithms for the distribution of measuring instruments in the monitoring space are proposed. The purpose of the functioning of such a system is associated with detecting oil spills on the water surface, monitoring the dynamics of pollution and predicting the development of emergencies resulting from environmental disasters. International cooperation in the field of environmental protection is shown to be international in nature, the joint projects being an effective tool for development of scientific and educational potential of higher education in the field of ecology. Participation in international projects not only allows to increase the scientific and educational potential of higher education, but also influences the formation of environmental policy

Experience Economy in the System of Culture and Education

In new market reality the economy of impressions in which the new level of interaction between brands and target audiences is formed is gaining particular importance. In these conditions the company in a service sector, including higher educational institutions, becomes the supplier of impressions. The economy of impressions includes methods and tools of art collaboration in which active part is taken by various brands. At the present stage cooperation of education institutions with art and culture industries is becoming one of the effective mechanisms of educational brand promotion, increase of consumer loyalty, creation of competitive superiority in the market. The article considers cooperation between such brands as Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU) and the Russian Museum within the framework of Virtual Museum project.

COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING IN HYDROLOGICAL EDUCATION

Hydrology is an interdisciplinary science, incorporating aspects of many Earth Sciences. Key hydrological tasks such as floods prediction, quantitative and qualitative assessment of water resources and the environmental status of water bodies become increasingly important and challenging. Latest advances in scientific and technological developments require update training. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) encourages increasing capacity of its Training Centres to address the rapidly developing demand for improved services. However, adequate education is generally not yet available. Implementation of competency-based training is needed, including active learning approaches. The paper presents international experiences and results of the use of project-based and flipped learning while teaching hydrological curriculum at Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint Petersburg. Some pros and cons of these approaches and difficulties of their implementation are discussed. Usually, students improve both their competence to work independently and solve problems collaboratively. Tackling near real issues and dealing with case studies get them more engaged in educational process and enhance practical outcomes. The feedback from the students and exam results have proved the efficiency of these approaches.

Numerical Simulation of Variations in Ozone Content, Erythemal Ultraviolet Radiation, and Ultraviolet Resources over Northern Eurasia in the 21st Century

The influence of different factors on the total ozone content (TOC) and erythemal UV radiation (Qery) in the atmosphere over northern Eurasia from 1979 to 2059 has been analyzed using a chemistry-climate model developed at the Institute of Numerical Mathematics (INM, Russian Academy of Sciences) and the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU). The sensitivity of modeled ozone contents to different input data on sea-surface temperature (SST) has been estimated. The TOC trends may significantly differ depending on the SSTs used. The results of the model experiment, which takes into account variations in the anthropogenic emissions of halogen-containing substances, suggest a nonlinear Qery decrease due to the recovery of the ozone layer in the 21st century. The values of Qery for 2016–2020 are 2–5% higher than its values for 1979–1983, on average, for all of northern Eurasia (with its maximum on the order of 6% in the polar latitudes). The Qery values equalize in 2035–2039 and then gradually decrease (when compared to those for 1979–1983) by 4–6% for Asia and 6–8% for northern Europe in 2055–2059. Therefore, variations are observed in the spatial distribution of UV resources, which are most significant in spring and summer: these variations are manifested in the extension of UV-deficiency zones in the north and the reduction of UV-excess zones in the south.

Special aspects of digital technology-based brand promotion

Experience economy and digital economy inside of which new level of ‘brand-targeted public’ communication is being shaped assume significant importance in new market conditions. Empirical marketing and digital marketing contribute to establishment of long-term relations with consumers and shaping of stable links in the market. Empirical marketing having its own specificity is laying emphasis on consumers’ emotional experience and feelings while digital marketing using digital tools is providing address linkage and mobile communication with brand’s targeted public. Under such conditions, educational institutions may achieve significant success in university brand promotion by combining digital technologies and cooperation with art and culture industries and thus provide the university with competitive advantages in the market of education services and raise customer loyalty. The article is addressing the process of cooperation between Russian state hydrometeorological University (RGGMU) and Russian Museum within the project entitled ‘Virtual museum’ and (analyzing synergetic effect produced by their joint activities performed with the use of digital technologies.

Experience economy in the system of culture and education

The economy of impressions in which the new level of interaction is formed between brands and target audiences gaining particular importance in new market reality. The company in a service sector, including higher education institutions, becomes the provider of “impressions” under these conditions. Impression economy includes art collaboration methods and tools in which different brands take an active part. Currently, cooperation between educational institutions and the art and cultural industries is becoming one of the effective mechanisms for promoting educational brands, increasing consumer loyalty, creating competitive market superiority. The article considers cooperation in the context of the Virtual Museum project between brands such as the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU) and the Russian Museum.

Training and education in integrated coastal zone management

The experience and teaching approach of the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU, former Institute) in Integrated Coastal Zone Management are discussed. In order to practice effective coastal zone management training and to improve the understanding of different interests of coastal users, the students and post-graduates of the Faculty of Oceanography of RSHU have been involved in research projects concerning the assessment of the changing environmental state in the White Sea–Barents Sea Region. The field work was conducted at UNESCO-IOC-HELCOM cosponsored Baltic Floating University (BFU) facilities. The results and training capacity of the RSHU approach to coastal management education and resource use are discussed.