Russian Publications Research Articles

Narrative Review of Russian, Ukrainian and English-Language Publications Investigating the Effects of Photobiomodulation on Red Blood Cell Physiology.

Objective: The beneficial effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cellular function are well characterized, principally deriving from the absorption of red to near-infrared radiation by chromophores such as cytochrome-c-oxidase. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of PBM on non-mitochondria containing cells, such as red blood cells (RBCs), are relatively unknown. In this review, we evaluate studies that investigated the effects of PBM on RBCs in the peripheral circulation, with particular attention on changes in the structural and functional features of RBC membrane dynamics, as well as the potential implications of PBM as an intervention for pathologies related to RBC dysfunction. Methods: A literature review was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol, using the following databases: PubMed; Ovid (OvidMedline); Scopus; Web of Science; Google Scholar; Scholar.ru; eLIBRARY.ru; Digital Library: Dissertation; and Russian State Library. Search results included publications in Russian, Ukrainian, and English languages after 1995. Eligible articles included the effects of PBM on RBC membrane morphology and function in the peripheral circulation, used either in isolation or alongside other interventions. Results: The majority of articles indicated beneficial changes in RBC structure and function following exposure to PBM, including increased osmotic resistance, normalization of membrane permeability, decreased free radical oxidation and concentration of intermediate products of lipid peroxidation, reduced phospholipase A2 membrane activity, and normalization of the viscoelastic properties of RBCs and erythrocyte deformability index. Most trials had small patient numbers with no long-term follow-up. Conclusions: The importance of RBC membrane dysfunction as a potential marker and mechanism for RBC pathologies was highlighted. PBM has shown to have membrane protective effects. Further clinical trials are recommended to provide more evidence PBM therapy to treat RBC-related diseases, which may, at the correct dose, improve RBC stability and deformability in RBC-related pathologies.

Theoretical Approaches and Trends of Studying Inequality and Unjustice in the Modern Educational Environment

The article offers a systematic presentation of theoretical approaches and leading trends in the study of inequality and injustice in the modern educational environment. The purpose of the article is, on the basis of theoretical analysis, to identify and substantiate the current directions of the implementation of the understanding of inequality and injustice in education in Russian and foreign scientific publications. Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of structuring the understanding of inequality and injustice in education based on the systematization of existing scientific provisions. Conclusion. The prospects for the implementation of the research are outlined, which consist in the search for a multimodal educational and educational technology that allows students to cope with the consequences of inequality and injustice in education, developing adequate personal strategies of behavior and activity, which is gamification of the educational process.

Differentiation of the functions of social networks in the media environment of students (on the example of MGIMO University)

The paper represents the results of an empirical case, the purpose of which was to characterize social networks as a source of information in the media consumption of students. Based on the analysis of the results of focus group interviews with MGIMO students, as well as on the secondary analysis of quantitative data collected by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM), the author discovers a clear differentiation of functions between various social networks, due to their varying ability to satisfy information, communication and leisure needs of students. Qualitative differences were revealed in the practices of using social networks like Telegram, Instagram, VKontakte, TikTok and YouTube. The author concludes that sociological study of social networks is essential, taking into account the specifics of different functions in various target groups of users. Besides, the research has shown the risks of using social networks perceived by students, among which the most obvious are the spread of fakes, clip thinking, and learning disabilities.

Основные аспекты этиопатогенеза, диагностики и лечения субгиалоидных кровоизлияний

Purpose. To present modern literature data on the main aspects of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of subhyaloid hemorrhages. Material and methods. To perform the review, the search for literature sources on PubMed abstract databases was analyzed by the keywords «subhyaloid hemorrhages», «posterior hyaloidotomy» according to Russian publications on the topic of the article for the period up to 2020 inclusive. Results. Subhyaloid hemorrhage is a suspension of blood in a space bounded by a mesh membrane and a detached posterior hyaloid membrane. The most common cause of subhyaloid hemorrhages are retinal vascular diseases: diabetic retinopathy of the retina (30%), Valsalva hemorrhagic retinopathy (30%), central retinal vein thrombosis (20%). Subhyaloid hemorrhages are less common in hematological diseases, eye injury, rupture of the macroaneurysm, Terson syndrome. It has been established that the main complications due to untimely or inadequate treatment of subhyaloid hemorrhages are the formation of a premacular fibrous membrane, vitreoretinal fusion, traction retinal detachment, hemophthalmos, fibrosis and retinal atrophy, which require the right tactics in treatment. Conclusion. Thus, due to the prolonged presence of blood and fibrin in the premacular subhyaloidal space, there is a danger of mechanical and toxic effects on the retinal neuroepithelium of the macular region, which can lead to an irreversible decrease in visual functions. Key words: subhyaloid hemorrhages, Nd:YAG laser, posterior hyaloidotomy

“A Gauntlet” by Bjornstjerne Martinius Bjørnson and “Vera: One for Many: From a Girl's Diary” by Bettina Dorothea Kris in the context of a public discussion about male chastity and double morality in the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th centuries

The article examines the controversy that arose in the public space of the Russian Empire after the publication in Russian of two resonant works of fiction – “A Gauntlet” by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson and “One for Many” by Betty Kris – and gave impetus to the development of ethical views broadcast by their authors. In these books, translated into Russian with a difference of almost ten years, practically identical innovative and, one might say, sensational ideas for their time are expressed – Svava and Vera, the main heroines of the works, advocate the abolition of “unjust dual morality” and expect from a man the same premarital “purity”, the preservation of which was traditionally required exclusively from a woman within the framework of the patriarchal paradigm of marriage and family relations. The call for the abolition of double standards, expressed by B.Bjørnson and B.Kris (and embodied, which is important, precisely through the women, the heroines of their works), was directly related to the women’s movement developing during this period. There were incomparably more opponents of the ideas broadcast by the authors, who continued to adhere to the traditional view of sexual morality and the position of women in society, than its supporters. However, the very fact that such a discussion appeared in the public field and the fact that a number of representatives of the medical community, public figures, writers and journalists supported these ideas, speaks of the changes that have already begun to take place in the public consciousness.

The Experience of the First Russian Public History Program

The Experience of the First Russian Public History Program

Vancouver Scar Scale for Assessing the Long-term Cosmetic results of surgical treatment of children with deep neck burns

BACKGROUND: Deep neck burns always result in cicatricial changes in the skin. Scars in this area can lead not only to functional disorders but also affect the psychoemotional status of the patient and family. Current studies have reported on the results of the treatment of deep neck burns in both adults and children. However, among foreign and Russian publications available, no studies have assessed the cosmetic results of treatment using validated scales.
 AIM: This study aimed to analyze the long-term cosmetic results of surgical treatment of deep neck burns in children using the Vancouver Scar Scale.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-interventional case control study was conducted. The article analyzes the long-term cosmetic results of treatment of 64 children with deep neck burns. All patients were divided into the main group 1 35 (29%) children who received early surgical treatment] and control group 2 29 (45%) children after staged treatment]. The main group was further divided into subgroups 1a, 1b, and 1c. Subgroup 1a included 13 (20%) children who underwent tangential necrectomy with simultaneous autodermoplasty, subgroup 1b included 12 (19%) children who underwent radical necrectomy with simultaneous autodermoplasty, and subgroup 1c included 10 (16%) children who underwent necrectomy with delayed autodermoplasty. The Vancouver Scar Scale was used to assess the vascularization, pigmentation, elasticity, and size of the scar mass. For statistical analysis, the results of different options for early surgical treatment were compared with a staged method.
 RESULTS: The best indicators for vascularization, elasticity, size of the formed cicatricial mass, and overall score were obtained in children who received surgical treatment of deep neck burns by early necrectomy (tangential or radical) with simultaneous autodermoplasty in comparison with staged surgical treatment. When analyzing the pigmentation indicator, the scores of patients who underwent all types of early surgical treatment were comparable with those in patients who received staged surgery.
 CONCLUSIONS: According to the analysis of the Vancouver Scar Scale, the best cosmetic results in children with deep neck burns can be achieved by performing tangential or radical necrectomy with simultaneous autodermoplasty.

Information operations as the main component of Russian aggression against Georgia in August 2008

The aim of the article is to reveal the essence of the mechanisms and information tools used by the Russian Federation during the Russian-Georgian war in August 2008; to analyze the main components of information operations and to reveal each component of information support of Russia’s invasion of Georgia in 2008. It should be noted that the Russian Federation actively fought for control over the information space in order to obtain geopolitical dividends, and the main goal of Russia’s information operations was to form an opinion among the international community about the aggressor state Georgia, which began hostilities against another ethnic minority on its own territory. Research methods: structural and functional analysis, search, formal-logical, system-structural, analytical. Main results: practical examples of information operations conducted by the Russian Federation during the Russian-Georgian military conflict in August 2008 are analyzed; the information operation’s main components: computer network operations, electronic warfare, military deception, operational security, psychological operations that accompanied the kinetic operations of the conflict’s parties are identified and studied. The study reveals the fact of Russia’s thorough information preparation for the war, implementation of multifaceted anti-Georgian information “throw-ins” and struggle for the world’s information space control. Concise conclusions: the Russian-Georgian war of August 2008 showed the growing influence of information war and revealed a number of Russia’s Armed Forces shortcomings in this area at the same time. The conflict accelerated the Russia’s military reform implementation, which has taken into account the latest information technology advances. The Russian side pushed Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili to the war, which Russia used to strengthen its international influence. The Russian Federation succeeded in suppressing the Georgian leadership’s communication with its own citizens and outside the world, and a brief Internet confrontation between Russian and Georgian hackers sparked widespread debate about the power of the Internet to influence the public opinion during the conflict. Practical meaning: the article materials can form a theoretical basis for the formation and implementation of various methods of counteracting the information and psychological influence of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space. Originality: a comprehensive study of the sources devoted to the theme of the Russian-Georgian war in August 2008 is carried out and introduced into scientific circulation. The information war is a part of Russia’s hybrid war. This was confirmed by the statement of General Valery Gerasimov that “the political goals of the 21 st century can be achieved by non-military and informational means” and “the operation to force Georgia to peace” has revealed the lack of common approaches for the use of Armed Forces outside the Russian Federation”. Scientific novelty: for the first time an extended analysis of historical sources that described the information operations conducted by the opposing sides during the Russian-Georgian conflict in 2008 is carried out. In Ukrainian historiography, this problem has not been studied yet. Russian publications were not used because of their bias. Type of article: analytical.

Russian Public Relations in 2020: Peculiar Features of Transformation

The paper presents the current transformations of Russian public relations during the SaRS-COVID-19 pandemic and remote working in 2020. In response to the crisis and uncertainty, companies have adapted and restructured corporate strategies and communications. The increasing demand for communication support of strategies and daily support of corporate activities indicates the growing significance of PR and the implementation of organizational strategies, as well as the demand for the optimization of corporate communication in society. The PR industry in general and professional communication are becoming more and more integrated due to the attraction of knowledge, competencies, specialists from a wide range of related industries: marketing, sociology, management. The current communication situation caused changes in the characteristics of Russian PR in the segment of communication agencies. Despite the traditionally high volume of the agencies marketing services, the growth of crisis and digital communications has turned to be stable, which indicates the demand for more flexible PR formats. Based on an analysis of public relations of the leading local communication agencies in 2020, the authors put forward a hypothesis on the formation of the prerequisites for the transition of Russian public relations to the format of strategic communications.

Cultural Heritage in Russian Public Memorial Practices

Cultural Heritage in Russian Public Memorial Practices

Russian Historians and Public History

Russian Historians and Public History

Institutional Governance of Innovations: Novel Insights of Leadership in Russian Public Procurement

In the modern conditions of the post-COVID world, the transformation of the world economy in the framework of the transition to the post-industrial paradigm, and the economy of “knowledge”, the national innovation system (NIS) plays a leading role in the formation of competitive sectors of any given country. Within this setting, the performance of the Russian innovation system significantly lags behind other countries and calls for modernisation based on the modern regulatory tools, policies, and world’s leading trends. The direct import of institutions of foreign innovation systems demonstrates its limited effectiveness due to the incompleteness of institutions and mechanisms for regulating the institutional environment of the Russian economy. One of the generally recognised, leading, and the most “universal” instruments for implementing innovation policy by government institutions is the public procurement of innovation. The analysis of international experience shows that the implementation of the innovation policy via innovative public procurement has a highly heterogeneous landscape even in such a “cohesive” jurisdiction as those represented by the European Union (EU) as far as different types of policy dominate in different countries of the world. There is no clear trend towards the only one mainstream regulatory approach. In this context, the Russian experience demonstrates de facto the absence of any centralised, transparent, and effective policy expressed in such pseudo-innovative procurement as refuelling cartridges or car repairs. This paper identifies the existing institutional failures of the Russian NIS on the example of the regulation of innovative domestic procurement. It proposes ways to modernise the current policy based on the institutional and narrative approaches in order to foster its leading position in the international competition. This article shows the gaps in the literature in institutional governance of innovations and innovation procurement in Russia and points at directions for future research based on narrative economics. Outlining the present knowledge as a foundation for future research in institutional governance of innovations, this article holds implications for both academics and practitioners in the field of the innovation policies and public procurement.

«Верное наставление в сочинении генерал-баса» Давида Кельнера: о первичном тексте русского перевода

The first translation into Russian of the European manual textbook on figured bass, David Kelner’s “Treulicher Unterricht im General-Baß” was made in 1791 and came out under the title of “Vernoe nastavlenie v sochinenii general-basa…” [“Accurate Instruction in Composition with Figured Bass…”]. Despite the apparent character of the source, there remained the appropriate question about the primary text for the Russian, since prior to the latter’s publication, Kelner’s work had undergone seven German publications, the half-century long history of which testified to bringing in changes of various types. A collation of the texts of the first three editions (1732, 1737, 1743) and the comparison of all of them with the publication in Russian has made it possible to establish the primary text of the “Accurate Instruction.” The author cites as his proof for this decision a certain number of discrepancies discovered in the German editions (insertions, abridgements, details of musical examples, etc.) the correlation of which with the Russian edition makes it possible to arrive at the conclusion of the first edition being the primary text for the translation. This conclusion discloses the path for further research of the translation of the “Accurate Instruction,” stipulating the objectivity of the analysis of its quality and technique and the understanding of the level of interference into the text’s structure on the part of the translator. Close examination of the terminology of the “Accurate Instruction” in the context of the formation of the special music theory apparatus of the end of the 18th century will be conducive to the development of such a new branch of contemporary scholarship as the historical lexicology of Russian musicology. Keywords: David Kelner, “Treulicher Unterricht im General-Bass,” 18th century Russian music theory, figured bass

The assessment of environmental parameters of roadside territories on the example of the Orenburg Region cities

Environmental management and planning of the urban environment, the inclusion of natural landscapes in it is becoming increasingly important today. The paper discusses the latest researches in printed Russian and foreign publications that study the impact of roads and roadside landscaping on the quality of the urban environment and the life of citizens. The dependence of the influence of urban greening on temperature, runoff, heat flows, carbon dioxide, the content of solid particles and gas pollution is shown. The analysis of studies in which environmental recommendations are given to reduce these impacts is carried out. Roads as a dangerous object of urbanized environment should be surrounded by a buffer green zone. The importance of studying the location of the main streets and identifying landscaping around them in urban centers is indicated. The paper contains an assessment of the environmental parameters of roadside zones, depending on the level of their landscaping and the remoteness of residential development from the roadway, in large cities of the Orenburg Region. General and specific recommendations on environmental optimization of spaces have been compiled, allowing to reduce the environmental burden on the roadside environment through effective planning of green infrastructure, which will provide a basis for improving the health of the population and their quality of life.

China's financial services market in the post-pandemic period 2020–2021: Trends and development prospects

Subject. The article addresses the development of the financial services market of China in the context of overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021. Objectives. The focus is on the specific features, advantages and disadvantages of the complex of modern financial services in China; substantiating the reasons for the high efficiency of China's exit from the post-pandemic crisis in comparison with the leading economies of the world; forecasting the potential threats to the Chinese financial services market due to the active spread of a new strain of coronavirus in May?June 2021. Methods. The study employs the systems and comparative analysis, using the tabular, graphic and illustrative materials, and current statistical and reported data of international organizations, audit companies, consulting structures and rating agencies in major scientific Russian and foreign publications. Results. The paper underpins the difficulties of implementing a number of specific features of the financial services market in China from theoretical and practical point of view, presents a prognostic scenario of the Chinese financial services market development in the post-pandemic period. Conclusions. I conclude on high efficiency and effectiveness of support measures taken by the Chinese leadership to preserve the financial balance and facilitate the restoring of China's financial services in the post-pandemic period, prove the optimistic scenario for the development of China's financial services against the background of economic stagnation and a noticeable weakening of foreign competitors, describe potential threats and weaknesses in unstable global economy.

К вопросу значимости формирования структуры финансирования программ корпоративной социальной ответственности

The article features the concept of corporate social responsibility and its financing. Russian publications usually focus on theory. However, such practices and the related profit depend on how the company allocates its financial resources. By solving this matter, commercial organizations can solve many issues of inefficient or unsystematic spending of funds. Modern business needs verified mechanisms for financing corporate social responsibility in order to develop corporate management. The article introduces various issues related to social and environmental activities that are new to domestic business. The author proved the relevance of the availability of financing mechanisms for these areas, thus distinguishing the system of corporate social responsibility from unsystematic environmental or social spending, as well as from one-time charity events or promotions.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: current state of the problem

Due to the high prevalence of the disease, its genetic and clinical heterogeneity, the need for lifelong therapy and the emergence of new views on the pathogenesis and course of JME, it is necessary to provide primary care physicians (general practitioners, district therapists, neurologists) with up-to-date systematized information about the most common form of genetic generalized epilepsy (Herpin-Janz syndrome). JME is a genetically determined disease of the brain, accompanied by a triad of seizures (absences, myoclonia, generalized tonic-clonic seizures), and developing mainly in adolescence and young age. In recent years, monogenic and multifactorial forms of JME have been identified, but questions about the genetics of JME are far from being resolved. JME is characterized by the preservation of intelligence, life expectancy with adequate therapy does not differ from the average population, but the frequency of failures of pharmaco-induced remission is high when taking anticonvulsants is canceled. This explains the need for lifelong pharmacotherapy, individual selection of anticonvulsants. About 30% of patients with JME have non-psychotic mental disorders, disorders of the sleep and wake cycle, which in turn leads to an aggravation of epileptic seizures mainly in the first half of the day. This review presents an analysis of full-text publications in Russian and English over the past five years in the databases eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, OxfordPress, Springer, and Clinicalkeys. In addition, the review includes earlier publications of historical significance.

Graphic novel as a popular genre of book publishing in the context of modern design

The relevance of the research is due both to the lack of research that would comprehend a graphic novel as an independent phenomenon and subject of art history, the youth of the genre, and its relative non-proliferation in the Ukrainian literary space. The vast majority of Russian publications touch on the analysis of specific graphic novels in the context of modern literary studies, which focuses on the narrative and ideological components of individual works without taking into account the role of the visual component for the genre as a whole. In this regard, the article is aimed at identifying the essence of the graphic novel, its differences from the classic for book design relationships of illustration and text, clarifying the nature and role of its communication and semantic saturation taking into account the functions of design as a form of communication, highlighting the unique characteristics of the genre against the background of the traditional genre means and searching for the information and aesthetic potential of the graphic novel in the practice of Ukrainian book design.

Бизнес – процессы в бухгалтерии: трансформация и значение при переходе на ФСБУ

The article is devoted to the optimization of accounting business processes as a tool for evaluating business performance in the transition to the Federal Accounting Standards. The research is based on the analysis of Russian and foreign publications, as well as on the integration of specialists ' experience, which reveals the practical significance of methods for transforming accounting business processes in commercial activities. The purpose of the study is to develop business processes based on the study of the theoretical positions of scientists-economists and the practical experience of professional accountants-practitioners. The tasks and stages of developing the transformation of accounting business processes during the transition to the FSB for the purpose of effective work of accounting are defined.
 The author's experience in the development of business process transformation is proposed, which is used to standardize all areas of accounting work on the example of a transport company. The results obtained have a certain scientific novelty: the developed or adapted methods of transformation of business projects affect the elimination of duplication of many business operations, identify areas of irresponsibility, and are also aimed at optimal organization of document flow and reduction of time labor costs. The author substantiates a more complete definition of "accounting business process" as a set of complex works aimed at collecting and summarizing information about the facts of the economic life of an economic entity, intended for external and internal users in order to assess the effectiveness of the business. Methodological techniques for the development of business processes related to accounting work can be used in the practical activities of accounting as a division of commercial small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as for outsourcing organizations that maintain accounting records and form accounting (financial) statements.

Библиометрический анализ ситуации в российской науке

The article analyzes of the publication activity of Russian scientific research as well as the degree of their financial support. The analysis covers a 27-year period (1993–2019) and is carried out in comparison with world trends. The paper analyzes tendencies of publication activity of Russian scientists both in certain fields of knowledge and their sections, and in Russian science as a whole. The sources of initial information are data of the international information system Web of Science, as well as documents of state bodies of Russia, UNESCO, and a number of other interstate and international organizations and companies. There is a decrease in the share of Russia in world investments in R&D. In the period of 1993–2012 there was a sharp drop in the share of Russian publications in the global flow of scientific papers. Since 2013, this trend has been reversed. Nevertheless, this indicator even in 2018 does not reach the values of 1993.