Russian Parliament Research Articles

Новое в законе о взаимном страховании

Last summer, the Russian Parliament adopted Federal Law No. 256-FZ «On Amendments to the Federal Law On Mutual Insurance and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation», which opens up great opportunities for the development of mutual insurance as a form of insurance protection.

Образ самарского предпринимателя М. Д. Челышова

The process of formation and development of entrepreneurship affected all spheres of economic and socio-cultural sphere of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, which contributed to the formation of a new layer of business community, actively involved in the activities of local government and the first Russian parliament. In the present article an attempt to reconstruct the biography of one of the prominent entrepreneurs of Samara province M. D. Chelyshov, who in addition to economic activity, participating in the work of the city Duma, city head and deputy of the III State Duma was engaged in solving urban, regional and national problems, which allowed to determine the characteristic features of his personality.

Women's Representation in Government Bodies of the Russian Federation in the Period from 1991 to 2023

The representation of women in public authorities reflects a number of more general issues related to gender equality, the peculiarities of women's political leadership, women's participation in politics, etc. The purpose of this article was to identify gender proportions in the federal executive authorities and the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation for the period from 1991 to 2023. The study was conducted by statistical analysis of data presented in open sources, on the websites of the Federation Council, the State Duma, the Government and other public authorities. This article reflects the dynamics of changes in the gender distribution of positions in the field of politics over the period under study. For the analysis, the highest positions of executive and other state authorities of the country were selected, as well as membership in both chambers of the Russian parliament, which made it possible to consider women's representation in positions involving direct decision-making. The study raises the problem of the underrepresentation of women in senior political and elected positions in public administration. According to the results of the study, data on women's representation in government over the past 34 years were systematized. A trend has been identified to increase the representation of women in high-level executive positions. At the same time, the number of women in the Cabinet of Ministers of our country in the entire history of the Russian Federation has not exceeded 11% or two female representatives at the same time. No more than two women at the same time had the opportunity to take the position of Deputy Prime Minister. There are positions that have been held exclusively by men for more than thirty years. The number of women in the country's parliament is also small, but the positive trend here is more pronounced. With a global average of 26.5% female representation, in Russia there are only 18.4% women among the members of both houses of parliament.

Foreign Policy Aspects of the Activities of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the First Convocation (on the 30th Anniversary of the Start of Work)

The article considers the foreign policy aspects of the activities of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the First convocation. The specifics of the main results of parliamentary votes of this period, which were related to international-political realities, in the context of their relationship with the conceptual foundations and implementation of Russian foreign policy, have been characterized. Features of the composition and nature of the activities of the lower house of the Russian parliament of this period have been identified. The conceptualization of the Russian Federation’s foreign policy has been analyzed. The initiatives and decisions of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the First convocation in the field of foreign policy and international relations have been assessed. It is shown that these were due to the specifics of its personal composition, where there was no strict factional discipline and a clear advantage of any political force, which determined the need for situational interaction. The normal work of the lower house of parliament became possible largely due to the efforts of its Chairman, who took a centrist position. It is substantiated that the State Duma, operating in conditions of complex socio-economic problems and the colossal weakening of Russia’s international political positions, demonstrated significant activity in international political initiatives that covered a wide range of topical issues with an emphasis on the situation in the states of the post-Soviet space. These decisions were relatively balanced, which was explained by the approximately equal distribution of resources between the so-called “left”, “right”, “centrists” and “national patriots”, as well as the presence of “common bloc” issues, positions on which coincided or did not cause obvious contradictions. The international political initiatives of the State Duma of the First convocation were distinguished by greater realism and emphasis on the protection of national interests than the content of conceptual documents and the foreign policy course pursued by the state. This happened against the background and simultaneously with the beginning of the process of rethinking the foreign policy approaches of the Russian Federation, which had a significant influence on it.

Gender systems in the Putin autocracy.

Over the last 23 years, Russian President Vladimir Putin's autocracy has revealed a set of interlocking gender systems that have come to the fore particularly vividly since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. How, this article asks, have the masculinist cultural and political practices of the Putin regime undermined democratic practices and engagement broadly speaking? How have they organized Russian state and society in ways that have led to today's war in Ukraine with its massive destruction, violence, and brutality? And have there been earlier signals that should have warned observers that this regime might undertake such a war of aggression? Drawing on public, mass media data, this article analyzes the gendered structures of power in Russia that have contributed to the degeneration of democracy in three main areas: (1) male-on-male domination in discourse and practice that supports Putin's personal rule and emasculates his enemies; (2) the elevation of male power clans, including the President's personal praetorian guard and the Russian private military companies; and (3) the overall taming and emasculation of the Russian Parliament combined with the elevation of tough women deputies, whom I call the Baba Commissars. These female MPs support the President's domination by creating an appearance of a threatening outside world that needs to be kept at bay. At the same time, they support a neo-traditional gender order with women managing the house under the direction of the patriarchal male leader.

Дискуссия об отмене смертной казни в Государственной Думе Российской империи

The article considers the discussion of the bill on the abolition of the death penalty in the State Duma and the State Council of the Russian Empire during the First Russian Revolution. The author analyzes speeches by supporters and opponents of capital punishment in the Russian Parliament, which expressed different views on methods of combating political crime and the ideological basis for reforming the criminal justice system. The described subject is a key milestone in the history of the Russian lawyers’ movement for the abolition of the death penalty at the beginning of the 20th century.

The prevalence factor of post-traumatic stress disorders among students of Mariupol

The subject of the study is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of people exposed to stress factors in the city of Mariupol during the active phase of the Special Military Operation in the city. Taking into account the tasks of socio-psychological rehabilitation of the civilian population located in an area of increased risk of psychological and physical trauma, identifying the level of prevalence of PTSD in Mariupol is extremely relevant from both a scientific and applied point of view. Obtaining relevant information is important both for further in-depth research and for the development and implementation of appropriate programs of socio-psychological and (or) depth psychological rehabilitation. In addition, this information is relevant in the context of solving the problem of forming the all-Russian civic identity among new generations of Russians. The study used structured clinical interview technology, as well as the Clinical-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and a PTSD screening questionnaire. Based on the data obtained during the study, it was concluded that, in comparison with similar indicators identified among the civilian population of Afghanistan and Chechnya, who were in the territory of intense military operations and experienced the effects of powerful stress factors, as well as among people who witnessed the shooting of the Russian parliament in 1993, the prevalence of PSTD among residents of Mariupol who were in the city during the operation to liberate it is quite low. In the opinion of the authors of the article, this fact is explained by the fact that the majority of Russian citizens who remained in Mariupol and returned to it perceive the military actions of 2022 as a “forced necessity”. This leads to the conclusion about the extreme importance of using psychological and psychological-pedagogical technologies in the sphere of protecting traditional values.

On Historical Relationship between Parliamentary and Humanitarian Diplomacy

The paper analyzes approaches to defining parliamentary and humanitarian venues of diplomatic cooperation. It is shown that institutionalized inter-parliamentary cooperation began to develop in the last quarter of the 19th century, while examples of the influence of parliamentarians on the foreign policy process in their nation-states can be traced back even earlier, at least since the time of the Great French Revolution. It has been revealed that the early forms of parliamentarian influence on foreign policy were based on humanistic arguments and appealed to a sense of humanity. The humanistic orientation of the emerging parliamentary diplomacy in the last third of the 19th century is explained by focusing on factors such as the development of the media and the growing influence of public opinion on the domestic and foreign policies of European nation-states. The similarity of the initial organizational forms of parliamentary and humanitarian diplomacy illustrates the example of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. Both types of diplomatic interaction emerged via multilateral conferences. The final section of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the origins of Russian parliamentary and humanitarian diplomacy. It is shown that Russia played an active role in the development of these forms of diplomatic interaction. The paper concludes by arguing that a thorough definition of parliamentary diplomacy is only possible when both the actor and organizational dimensions of parliamentary diplomacy are taken into account. It argues further that the more or less common paths of development of parliamentary and humanitarian diplomacy result in their thematic affinity. The third conclusion is that the parliamentary methods accepted by diplomatic agents profoundly affected the development of cooperation between nation-states during the 20th century.

GEOGRAPHY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DECISION- MAKING IN FOREIGN POLICY (RUSSIA AND UKRAINE MODEL)

Geography is the science that studies all natural and human phenomena in one place Geography studies the natural factors that affected the land inhabited by man, Describes human populations in terms of their relationship to the environment Political geography is the study of political units and their problems from the point of view of geography, The survey studies the relief and climate areas that affect the conditions of states and the phenomena in them. As for the political decision, it is very measure that the state takes to prevent any interference in the affairs of its society, and the political decision is formulated in a thoughtful way to solve a specific problem or crisis that passes in the country The process of making and implementing decisions goes through multiple stages, starting with the preparatory stage, identifying the variables related to the problem to be studied,then choosing the goal and drawing the strategy (identifying alternatives),then comes the decision-making stage, i.e. translating the decision into practical reality through actions, activities and work programs, Responsibility for the decision-making process is borne by a group of official and non-official bodies, the official bodies the constitution,then the legislative and executive authorities As for the unofficial bodies, they include political parties,pressure groups, and public opinion, for political decisions to be correct, they must serve the public interest,be built on scientific foundation, and take in to account the objective circumstances..objective circumstances. Ukraine experienced a state of internal crises after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as crises became represented by the dissolution of parliament and re-elections,which are frequent and accelerating events, As the international Monetary Fund provided aid to reform the economic conditions of Ukraine after the transitional period it passed through,Ukraine became the coveted country and an open field for occupation by powerful countries. This is due to the weakness of Ukrainian politics. Ukraine distinguished location, which made it control the center of land and sea transportation between Asia and Europe, Russia decided that it was difficult to leave Ukraine to the west so Russia intervened militarily under the transfer from the Russian parliament on 28\2\2014 to protect Russian minorities and maintain influence in the city of Sevastopol, which is the last base in Crimea, The motive of the attack was to protect the region from the interference of other countries, to realize the dream of Russian to get on ports in the warm waters of the Indian Ocean, and to save world trade routes where Russia's ships have been frozen for months in the Arctic annually. Russia made the decision to attack Ukraine, and the first thing it started was the bombing of the Donbas region, which is located in eastern Ukraine, which is characterized by its mineral wealth and the presence of coal mines, and thus Russia worked to create a state of paralysis in the airports located in eastern and northern Ukraine

Партнерское финансирование как перспективный канал для инвестиций

Last summer, the Russian Parliament adopted Federal Law No. 417-FZ, which defined the basic principles and parameters of the experiment that began in the country to establish special legal regulation for the implementation of partner financing activities as a new and very promising investment channel.

Законотворческая деятельность представителей спорта в российском парламенте: направления и тенденции

There is a high intensity of legislative activity of sports representatives in the Russian parliament. When the population exercises its active and passive right to elect and be elected, then, as a rule, famous people who have established themselves in society become elected. Recently, the population has increasingly chosen ath-letes to represent their interests in the Russian parliament. Athletes-deputies of the State Duma as the object of research of this article today actively participate in legislative activity. More than 10 famous athletes have been successfully working in the Russian parliament for several convocations. The aim of the article is to study the directions and trends of legislative activities of sports representatives in the Russian parliament. The methodo-logical tools used to conduct this study include content analysis of scientific literature and electronic resources revealing the peculiarities of the activity of sportsmen-deputies in the State Duma. The conclusions of the arti-cle identify the main directions and highlight two key trends in the legislative activity of sports representatives in Russia.

Новое в защите банковских счетов от мошенников

Th is summer, the Russian Parliament adopted Federal Law No. 369-FZ, which significantly improved the legal mechanism for combating the theft of funds from the accounts of individual clients, and also established a procedure for the return of funds already debited from their accounts by fraudsters.

На финансовых рынках ждут перемен

Last summer, the Russian Parliament adopted Federal Law No. 340-FZ dated July 24, 2023 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation,” which provides for the introduction of a digital ruble into the country’s financial sector.

Нерегламентированная реплика как жанр парламентской речи (на материале русского парламентского дискурса начала XX века)

The article deals with the remark as a special genre of Russian parliamentary speech. The author analyses various approaches to parliamentary genres. Parliamentary discourse is viewed as institutional, having a dynamic genre structure. The research studies the institutional restrictions imposed on statements in the form of a remark. There is a conclusion about the role of procedural regulation in the formation of a system of discourse genres and the possibility to distinguish unregulated and regulated remarks. The State Duma discussions of the early twentieth century are a basis of the research which focuses on unrestricted remarks from the hall and their genre status. Parliamentary remarks are classified according to the communicative aspect. The article presents the results of the analysis of more than 200 statements by members of the State Duma from the hall, recorded in official transcripts. Three types of remarks are singled out: an interrogative remark, a replying remark and an imperative remark. The conclusion is made about the provocative nature of the remark as a parliamentary genre. The functional features of two types of remarks are distinguished: a regulated remark is conventional and dialogic; an unregulated remark is aggressive and provocative. The main features of an unregulated remark are non-normativeness in terms of procedural regulations, super-briefness (one phrase), reactivity, expressiveness, evaluativeness and provocativeness.

Speech Representations of Unity in Early 20th Century Russian Parliamentary Discourse: A Study of Lexemes ‘Edinstvo’ [Unity] and ‘Edinenie’ [Unification

The article analyzes the functioning of the lexemes ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] in the oral public speeches of the deputies of the prerevolutionary State Duma. The aim of the article is to systematize speech representations of the idea of unity on the example of the lexemes ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] in the Russian parliamentary discourse of the early 20th century in a rhetorical-pragmatic aspect. The category of persuasive complex was used as an instrument for analyzing the persuasiveness of parliamentary discourse. It was established that the analyzed lexemes were actively used in the Russian parliamentary discourse of the early 20th century to express the semantics of integrativeness. Integrativeness, expressed by the analyzed lexemes, relates to many diverse topics, from family and court to opinions, principles, and views. Functional differences between the use of the lexemes ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] were identified and analyzed. The persuasiveness of ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] in the rhetorical practice of the prerevolutionary State Duma is associated with achieving a high degree of pathos in speeches through the use of these lexemes in their literal sense, developing epithets with them, and incorporating them into metaphors. It is proven that the use of the lexemes ‘edinstvo’ [unity] and ‘edinenie’ [unification] in a specific context was a political marker, as there is a certain specialization of word usage in speeches by representatives of different political forces.

The European Union in the Russian State Duma Debates, 1994–2004

Although the European Union (EU) was occasionally presented in a positive light in the lower house of the Russian parliament (the State Duma) in 1994–2004, there were also numerous criticisms of the EU and the “European community” in a broader sense. The discussions were accompanied by vocally articulated anxieties by those factions that were oppositional to the President and the Government but had a strong foothold in the parliament, such as the conservative Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), the rightwing populist Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR), and the rightwing Rodina (“Motherland”) Party and its predecessors. These anxieties pertained to Chechnya, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, and the Baltic states as the spaces of contestation between Russia and the EU. The projects of (re)building the Russian (Soviet) imperial formation on the basis of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) or the Union State (of Russia and Belarus) were presented as alternatives to Western European integration based on the EU and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The anti-EU rhetoric in the Duma, which came hand in hand with the denunciation of NATO, provided a discursive foundation for the eventual shift of the President’s and the Government’spolicy. The members of United Russia, the Government’s party without a clear ideology that won a constitutional majority in 2003, adopted elements of conservative and rightwing rhetoric of the formal opposition in 2004. This happened in the context of the EU enlargement when the issues of the accessibility of the Kaliningrad Region and the rights of the Russian speakers in Latvia and Estonia were discussed in the parliament. Later the same year, the start of the Orange Revolution in Ukraine became a further impetus for the Duma’s anti-EU discourse, a discourse that would soon become mainstream in Russian politics.

Продиктовано запросами рынка и опытом правоприменения

The Russian Parliament continues to steadily improve financial legislation, taking into account the requirements of the times, market demands and law enforcement experience. Recently, the list of new legislative acts adopted on this basis was supplemented, in particular, by Federal Law No. 330-FZ of July 14, 2022 and Federal Law No. 561-FZ of December 28, 2022.

Стратегия принятия предложения в политическом дискурсе

This study reviewed several previous studies related to political discourse, and among them, special attention was paid to the research of N. Fairclough and I. Fairclough. It has been argued that the acceptance strategy discourse has a distinctive argument structure as opposed to the general argument discourse. Putin's speech to the Russian Parliament was analyzed. In Putin's speech, it was found that in the discourse of acceptance strategy, the utterance motive, the proposition premise, and the proposition premise considerations can function as categories of arguments. Putin elaborated on the content of the proposal and at the same time suggested that the proposal was a practical and broad issue, stating that there was such a public opinion among citizens; however, Putin's speech emphasized that it is inappropriate to exclude the presidential term from the constitution without expressing his intention to accept the proposal directly; however, he expressed his opinion on the argument that would allow the incumbent to run for the next presidential election. He presented 1) substantive premises that the current Russian constitutional system is weak and there is an active debate about the presidential system; 2) the value premise that the amendment bill would strengthen our sovereignty, traditions and values; 3) alternatives that the parliamentary cabinet system not suitable for the current stage. This series of structures of argumentation has been seen to emphasize that Tereshkova's proposal is significant. In this study, a discourse strategy that reinforces the validity of a proposal without explicitly making a claim was named unrevealed statements. This strategy was considered to have the advantage of maximizing the effect of the utterance, providing only a persuasive argument without compromising the speaker's image in any way.

Автоматизированная информационная система страхования и ее значение для финансового рынка

Improving insurance legislation in the interests of solving the problems of the national financial market, the Rus-sian Parliament at the end of 2022 adopted Federal Law No. 594-FZ, which provides for the creation of an automated insurance information system (hereinafter referred to as AIS insurance).

Legal aspects of interaction between the President of the Russian Federation and the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

The article analyzes topical issues of interaction between the President of the Russian Federation and the upper house of the Russian parliament within the framework of the system of separation of powers, taking into account the changes introduced by the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation as of March 14, 2020 № 1-FKZ. The author focuses on the expansion of the personnel powers of the Federation Council, as well as changing the procedure for its formation. The idea is substantiated that amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation contribute to the improvement of the system of checks and balances, including by strengthening the role of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The powers of the President, arising from the difference in the constitutional functions of the head of state and parliament, basically and most importantly do not compete with the powers of a representative body. The Constitution makes a clear distinction between their powers, based on the principle of separation of powers. At the same time, the powers of the President in the sphere of relations with the parliament allow us to consider the head of state as an indispensable participant in the legislative process. The author proposes a number of changes aimed at improving relations between the President and the Federation Council in the exercise of their statutory powers.