Russian Ones Research Articles

Distinctions in the Oil and Gas Reserves and Resources Classifications Assumed in Russia and USA – Source of Distinctions

The existing estimates of the Russia's oil and gas proved reserves have many variations and distinctions especially between the Russian and Western ones. The article analyses these distinctions and offers explanations of their origin. The results of the analysis provide a possibility for Western experts to use their classifications to understand and estimate real production capacities of the deposits which have been evaluated with Russian methodology.

Streaming in a Communist Country: The Case of Czechoslovakia

Eastern Europe, understandably rather neglected in the 1950s, is now a worthy (indeed crucial) subject for comparative research–especially concerning differentiation since Czech developments have led Russian ones and since the Czech trend seems contrary to that in Britain. The almost total rejection of ‘streaming’ in the 1950s caused several problems and led to differentiation ‘experiments’ in 1964–initially rather crude, now quite sophisticated. The original academic/practical division proved unsatisfactory (on educational and social grounds) but a system of options and electives produced very favourable results. These experiments do not imply a rejection of comprehensive education. The Czech dilemma in trying to provide for the full development of talent within a comprehensive framework raises some general issues about ‘streaming’ which are also relevant to Scotland.

フォールアウト粒子に関する研究, (IV)

Highly radioactive fallout particles from the first Chinese nuclear test explosion have been examined microscopically. The observed results, shown in Table 1, Photo. 2 and Fig. 2, are compared with those obtained on the highly radioactive fallout particles originating from the Russian nuclear test explosions carried out in the autumns of 1961 and 1962. Some differences, as listed below, were found between the two cases and considered to be due to the fact that the Chinese explosion was on land and of small scale while the Russian ones were in air and of large scale.(1) The Chinese particles, as compared to the Russian ones, were much smaller in specific activity at a given age.(2) The diameter of the Chinese particles ranged up to as large as 20μ, while the largest of the Russian particles was about 15μ in diameter.(3) Among the Chinese particles that were examined there were several which had divided coloring (two or more zones), but there were very few such particles among the Russian particles.(4) The relation between volume and activity was not so clearly linear with the Chinese particles as in the case of the Russian particles.