Russian Ministry Research Articles

Analysis of drug provision for patients with broncho-obstructive diseases in the Russian Federation

Introduction. The article presents data from an analysis of drug provision for patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, both in inpatient conditions and at the stage of outpatient treatment. The object of the study was the provision of medications to patients with broncho-obstructive diseases in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of our study was to study drug provision for patients with broncho-obstructive diseases. Why the following research methods were used: purchases of medicines in federal districts and some constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2019–2022 were analyzed, the amount of funds per patient diagnosed with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was calculated. Separately, we analyzed the purchases of short- and long-acting bronchodilators, as well as mono- and combination drugs and monoclonal antibody drugs for the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. Data on drug purchases were analyzed using the website zakupki.gov.ru; information on the number of patients in federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation was taken from statistical materials of the Russian Ministry of Health. Results. We found a multiple difference between federal districts in the amount of funds per patient in both 2019 and 2022, and differentiation between federal districts also turned out to be the case when analyzing preferential drug coverage. The dynamics of the amounts of funds spent by entities on the purchase of drugs for the treatment of patients in outpatient settings turned out to be multidirectional: some entities not only did not increase these amounts in 2012 compared to 2019, but, on the contrary, decreased them. At the same time, the difference between the subjects of the same federal district reaches tenfold values. Conclusion. Patients with broncho-obstructive diseases living in different federal districts of the country have different drug coverage both in outpatient and inpatient treatment settings. To improve the drug supply for these patients, it is necessary to introduce a unified methodology for calculating the planned need for drugs and oblige the subjects to provide patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with drugs at the expense of the budgets of the subjects.

Forensic Ethics Examination as a New Direction of Forensic Expert Activity of the Russian Ministry of Justice

The article discusses the basics of application of the specialized knowledge in the field of ethics when conducting forensic analysis of informational materials containing signs of infringement on the Russian spiritual and moral values, moral norms. The authors propose to develop the basics of forensic examination of ethics. They also substantiate the feasibility of organizing the production of forensic ethics examination in forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. The grounds for the appointment of such an examination are determined, its subject and objects are specified, typical tasks are formulated, and an approximate list of questions is presented.

Temporary Asylum: Problems of Public Administration, Statistics and Administrative Legal Regulation

The author examines the current issues of the institution of temporary asylum in the context of the current administrative and legal regulation and public administration practice. The article pays attention to the problems of implementing the institution of temporary asylum known in the literature, associated with the complex administrative procedure for granting temporary asylum status and the long period of consideration of an application for status, as well as the falling demand for refugee and temporary asylum institutions, reflected in statistical data. The object of the study is the public relations arising in the field of forced migration. The subject of the study is the public relations that arise regarding the implementation of public administration in the process of granting temporary asylum status. The purpose of this article is to develop proposals for reforming the administrative and legal regulation of the institution of temporary asylum in the Russian Federation in the system of public management of forced migration in Russia. The scientific novelty of this article consists in conducting a qualitative analysis of the provision of refugee status and temporary asylum based on statistical data from government agencies and other sources in the field of forced migration in Russia. Particular attention is paid to forced migrants from Ukraine in the context of existing problems. A systemic problem of inconsistency between statistical data on the granting of refugee status, temporary asylum and citizenship of the Russian Federation and the actual socio-political situation has been identified. In conclusion, proposals for modernizing the current legislation in the field of forced migration are formulated, including the vesting of statistical powers in the field of forced migration of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as the introduction into administrative and legal practice of a new legal status - “temporary protection”

Endomyocardial biopsy and its significance in the diagnosis of non-coronary heart disease. Clinical observation

Objective: to analyze the results of 27 endomyocardial biopsies in patients with various non­coronary myocardial diseases. Materials and methods. 27 diagnostic myocardial biopsies were performed in patients with the clinical picture of non­coronary myocardial diseases treated in the “A.A. Vishnevsky NMIC VMT” of the Russian Ministry of Defense in 2021–2022. There were 22 men and 5 women. The age ranged from 19 to 68 years (mean age 44 years). Results. Among 27 patients studied, inflammatory myocardial disease was detected in16 (59.2%); Inflammatory pericardial disease in 4 (14.8%); No inflammatory changes were detected in 7 (25.9%). Among 16 patients (59.2%) with inflammatory myocardial diseases, immunohistochemical signs of inflammatory myocardial disease were detected in 8 (50%) patients with cardiomyopathies (hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic). Myocarditis with wall amyloidosis was detected in 3 (18.7%). Myocardial cardiosclerosis was diagnosed in 5 (31.2%) cases. According to the results of myocardial virologic study, viral genome was detected in myocardium in 14 (51.8%) patients out of 27: in 9 (64.2%) cases this was a monoinfection with parvovirus B19, in 4 (28.5%) cases it was associated with herpes virus type 6 and in 1 case (7.14%) – a monoinfection with SARS­CoV­2 was revealed. Conclusions. The nosologic principle of selection was a prerequisite of high informativity of EMB in all 27 patients. The obtained data emphasize the necessity of EMB in those cases when clinical manifestations of the disease cannot be explained by the underlying pathology. Keywords: myocarditis, viral infection, endomyocardial biopsy, non­coronary heart disease

Surgical treatment of respiratory tuberculosis patients in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic

The objective: to analyze the quality of phthisiosurgical care in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts monitored by Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute (NTRI).Subjects and Methods. Statistical reports for 2019 from phthisiosurgical departments of 17 Russian regions within the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts were analyzed. The reports refl ected the initial period of the pandemic.Results. The analysis of the quality of phthisiosurgical care in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts covered the areas monitored by Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, the Russian Ministry of Health. The main performance rates of phthisiosurgical departments of 17 Russian regions are presented for 2019, they demonstrate a positive trend, and their facilities and resources have signifi cantly improved. The trend towards reduction of phthisiosurgical beds is observed in the regions, which may be due to the service centralization and improved access to surgical and high-tech care in federal institutions. Surgical departments possesses substantial reserves for increasing the number of surgeries, one of which is the revision of cohorts.

Application of the Achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to Prevent Emergencies Caused by Global Climate Change

Global warming has led to a significant increase in the frequency and scale of natural emergencies in recent decades. According to experts, due to the continued growth of the Earth’s population and the growth of production aimed at ensuring life, our planet will warm up faster than scientists predicted 20-30 years ago. The purpose of the article is to assess the use of key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data in organizing the work of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations to prevent emergencies caused by global climate change. Conclusions. The use of key technologies in forecasting adverse natural phenomena allows not only to increase the efficiency of the use of forces and means used to eliminate the consequences of adverse natural phenomena, but also to significantly reduce the number of potential victims and the extent of possible damage to the economy through preventive preparatory measures to counteract the disaster. In the face of a common global threat, unite the efforts and resources of countries to develop global security mechanisms adequate to the impending threats and challenges.

Evidence-based medicine: new in the search for evidence

The review is focused on discussing new trends in DM, rethinking the evidence base medicine with an emphasis on demonstrating the efficacy and safety of new therapeutic agents and medical technologies, from gene editing to AI algorithms. At the same time, clinical trials of drugs are also not standing still, there is active development, new approaches, methods and designs are being developed. The process of drug development, registration and market launch of any drug takes a significant period of time, requires high financial costs and human resources. The gold standard of evidence-based medicine was initially considered to be RCTs, but at the same time, they have objective disadvantages: limited sample, inability to control all factors; insufficient follow-up time,negative impact on participants, inability to determine cause-and-effect relationships; limited measurement methods, limited budget and others. This review discusses the trends in the methodology of clinical research. The active implementation of new designs such as Adaptive Clinical Trials, "Master" protocols including Umbrella Study, Basket Study, Platform Studies, Master Observational Trials and the increased use of Single Patient Trials (N-of-1 trials) are allowing studies to become more efficient, relevant and applicable to real-life health care practice settings and patient-centered. In the review, we also look at both the pros and cons of the expanded use of biomarkers and Digital Endpoints in clinical trials and virtual clinical trials, which use mathematical models to study patient heterogeneity and its impact on various therapeutic questions. The process of expertise and regulatory approval continues to slow down the entry of drugs into the pharmaceutical market. The review considers changes in the approaches of regulators (FDA, EMEA and Russian Ministry of Health) to the drug registration procedure. The COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions have led to the need to expand the list of drugs with authorized accelerated registration. However, accelerated registration raises many questions regarding the sufficiency of the level of evidence and safety. As we can see a deep synthesis and integration of all available data is needed to achieve the next generation of evidence-based medicine. The major challenge in the next two decades will be to exploit the potential of multidimensional evidence generation by extracting, collating and generating large data sets of natural course of disease, genomics and all other omics analyses, all published clinical trials, RWD to provide next generation evidence.

Classification of Typical Tasks of Forensic Linguistics

The main problem in forensic linguistic theory is the lack of an agreeable classification of expert tasks. Since the concept of expert task precedes concepts of method and methodology, it is clear that without regularizing tasks, further theoretical understanding of this subject area is impossible.
 The purpose of our article is a theoretical revision of this topic. Definitions of the term "expert task" are specified, and bases for classifying tasks common to all kinds and types of forensic examination are listed. We've checked classification options found in modern methodological and teaching publications on forensic linguistics in Russian ("Semantic Research in Forensic Linguistic Expertise" by RFCFS of the Russian Ministry of Justice, textbook by prof. Elena Galyashina, manual by ECC of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs). We've evaluated their logical correctness and compliance with the criminalistic and philological scientific basis. The conclusion is made about the suitability of some and unsuitability of other options: it is better to use the classification proposed by ECC of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (tasks on denotative, evaluative, illocutionary, and extralinguistic components of a speech object). We've also concluded that it is unproductive to classify forensic linguistic tasks on a substantive law basis (tasks in cases of extremism, cases of libel, cases of corruption crimes, etc.). Such an understanding of expert tasks leads to systematic work outside of expert competence, in the field of law: an expert linguist plays the role of a competent investigation officer.

Проблема репатриации черкесских иммигрантов из Османской империи во 2-й половине XIX – начале XX века в документах архивов России и Грузии

The documents analyzed in the article are classified into 2 types – office documentation and regula-tory legal acts. Documents of the 1st type are divided into 2 groups depending on the departments of their compilation and functions. The first set of papers includes official correspondence and re-ports from Russian ambassadors in the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, as well as correspondence from Russian consuls and vice-consuls in Ottoman Empire provinces to Russian diplomats in Constantinople. The papers explain how Circassians came to the Ottoman Empire and the difficulties they faced when attempting to return home. The second group consists of documents prepared by military officials in the Caucasus: instructions from the Viceroy of the Caucasus’s Main Directorate to lower-ranking commanders of subdivisions, heads of regions and territories, instructions from the Commander-in-chief of civil authority in the Caucasus to governors-general and heads of regions and districts of the Caucasus region, etc., military officials’ reports to higher levels, attitudes between departments o According to these records, military officials in the Caucasus sent instructions to their subordinates in early 1861, which included rules addressing North Caucasian repatriates. Similar documents were accepted by tsarist officials in the Caucasus and at the beginning of the 20th century. The regulatory legal acts include: the provision of the Committee of Ministers «on taking measures to suspend the return of the highlanders from Turkey... », developed in July 1861 and approved by the emperor; «Regulations regarding Caucasian settlers returning from Turkey» (09.1861), compiled by the Chief of the General Staff of the Caucasian Army A.P. Kartsov. They contain rules that should have been applied to different groups of North Caucasian repatriates.

Сосуд-опосредованные модификации хирургического лечения доброкачественной гиперплазии предстательной железы.

Introduction. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) still stays one of the most common diseases in the male population. Aim of research. To compare efficacy of 3 surgical treatments (laparoscopic retropubic simple prostatectomy combined with provisional clamping of internal iliac arteries and urethrocystoanastomosis [LRP+CIIA+UCA], open [ОAE] and laparoscopic [LAE] Millins’s simple prostatectomy) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and methods. 48 patients who underwent surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in theNational Research Centre of Endocrinology of the Russian Ministry of Health have been observed during period since 2021 until 2022; 16 patients have been underwent LRP+CIIA+UCA, 16 – ОAE, 16 – LAE. Pre-operative observation included such parameters as body mass index, PSA level, prostatic volume, IPSS score, quality of life (QoL) score, maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), volume of residual urine, erectile function score (IIEF-5). Operation longevity, catheterization and hospitalization period time, complications rate (Clavien-Dindo I, II, III degree) and blood loss have been evaluated during operative and early postoperative period. Efficacy of surgical treatment of BPH has been found as summary of all included parameters. Results. Despite relatively long period of operation, providing of LRP+CIIA+UCA managed to decrease blood loss (p<0,046), catheterization (p=0,001) and hospitalization (p=0,001) period, complications rate (Clavien-Dindo I, II, III degree). LRP+CIIA+UCA triggers to more expressed symptomatic regression (LRP+CIIA+UCA=15 [93,75%]; ОAE=13[81,25%]; LAE=11[68,75%], p=0,001) and clinical remission (LRP+CIIA+UCA=14 [87,5%]; ОAE=11 [68,75%]; LAE=10 [62,5%], p<0,001) after 6 months against to ОAE and LAE. Conclusions. Laparoscopic retropubic simple prostatectomy combined with provisional clamping of internal iliac arteries and urethrocystoanastomosis has shown to be more effective than open (ОAE) and laparoscopic (LAE) Millin’s simple prostatectomy due to decreased blood loss, shortened catheterization and hospitalization period, prevention of lower urinary tract cicatricial deformity.

Concomitant infections in children with allergic pathology in the Kaliningrad region

The aim of our work was to study the structure and prevalence of the infectious syndrome in children from Kaliningrad Region with moderate-to-severe allergic pathology, with a complex manifestations of allergic reactions, both on skin and on the mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory tract.
 Ninety children from 0 to 18 years old with various symptoms of allergic pathology were examined and included in the study group using standard clinical, objective and laboratory criteria. The severity of clinical course was associated with the severe and long-lasting symptoms, as well as with frequent bacterial and bacterial-fungal complications, with impaired quality of life and night sleep. The children were consulted by the specialists in otorhinolaryngology, hematology, pulmonology, surgery, ophthalmology, infectology, endocrinology, cardiology. Diagnoses according to nosological forms were made in accordance with the current clinical recommendations of Russian Ministry of Health. Our article presents data on concomitant infectious diseases and their impact on general condition and severity of hypersensitive responses. The average age of allergic manifestations in the group of children was 3.12±2.72 years. The average duration of the disease in the observed group was 7.5±0.88 years. The number of boys in our group prevailed (n = 56) by 1.6 times. Complicated heredity factors were reported by 15% of the patients’ parents. However, with careful collection of medical history taking, upon dynamic observation, the aggravated heredity on the mother’s side was detected in 45.56% (n = 41), and on the father’s side, in 31.1% of cases (n = 28). In eight families, both parents suffered from allergic pathology, in siblings, 21.1% (n = 19) of the examined children had allergies. In the families, including grandparents, allergic pathology was reported in 56 cases (62.2%).
 Almost all patients had problems with nasal breathing, 77 (85.6%) children with adenoid hypertrophy had a habit of breathing through the mouth. Postnasal drip syndrome was found in 78 cases. Allergic rhinitis with adenoid hypertrophy is, generally, accompanied by postnasal leakage, which can provoke aspiration bronchitis and pneumonia, especially if pathogenic or opportunistic flora is transferred to the nasal cavity and/or to the pharynx.
 Conclusions: 1. Identification and rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection, bacterial, fungal, should be a necessary component of the personalized therapy of allergic pathology in children. 2. In cases of recurrent sowing or finding of pathogenic flora (iodophilic flora, fungi, coccal flora) in the coprogram, one should exclude not only transient lactase deficiency, but also congenital lactase deficiency, thus preventing development of enterocolitis in the future like as worsening of skin status and respiratory manifestations. 3. In case of severe respiratory viral infections in children during the period of adaptation for pre-school institutions, one should exclude sensitization to allergens of house dust mites and epidermal allergens of domestic animals. 4. A comprehensive and personalized approach to the diagnosis of allergic disorders and comorbid conditions enables us to create conditions for stable remission, making it possible to conduct allergen-specific immunotherapy, which may provide a disease-modifying effect upon the hyperreactive states in our patients.

Financial Market Reactions under the Russia-Ukraine Conflict-An Empirical Study Based on a Multi-factor Model

This paper takes advantage of the turbulent situation in eastern Ukraine to study and examine the correlation between war conflicts and stock yields, and to study the impact on the stock returns of A-share listed companies in China. The background of this article is that with the Russian Ministry of Defense announcing the withdrawal of troops stationed on the border between Russia and Ukraine, the crisis situation in eastern Ukraine has been cooling since October 2021, until February 2022, when Ukraine announced in civilian forces that it would evacuate the local population to Russia on the same day, while the situation in eastern Ukraine deteriorated, the local government banned foreign aircraft from entering the country, and declared Ukraine a state of war. This article constructs an index factor that measures the degree of war through the cryptocurrency market price fluctuation index and the cryptocurrency market price fluctuation index. In addition, a new war impact index factor is added to the basic three-factor model, and the explanatory performance of the new multi-factor model for the stock yield of listed companies is more in-depth and whether it is more explanatory than the three-factor model. The study will test whether the Russian-Ukrainian conflict will significantly affect equity returns in China's A-share market. Helps investors better describe the expected returns of a cross-sectional stock portfolio.

Whither Wagner? The Consequences of Prigozhin’s Mutiny and Demise

The mutiny and death of Yevgeny Prigozhin, the leader of Russia’s Wagner Group paramilitary outfit, has created great uncertainty about how Russia will manage paramilitary organisations going forward. Wagner has played a key role in expanding Russian influence in the Middle East and Africa at relatively low cost, while keeping official casualty counts limited in Ukraine and Syria in particular. The group or some version of it, whether unified or fragmented, will likely continue to operate, probably under stronger control of the Russian Ministry of Defence, but with a continuing role for one or more oligarchs.

Противодействие преступлениям, связанным с хищениями бюджетных средств, выделенных на реализацию национальных проектов

The relevance of this study is due to the increase in the number of registered crimes related to the theft of budget funds allocated for the implementation of national projects. The materials of the study were doctrinal sources in the field of combating crimes committed as part of the implementation of national projects in Russia, as well as the positive preventive experience of the economic security and anti-corruption departments of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. General scientific and particular scientific methods of cognition were used; the structural-logical method, the method of analogy and generalization were used. Analyzed the most common violations associated with the theft of funds allocated from the budget for the implementation of national projects. The positive experience of law enforcement practice in identifying and documenting the facts of embezzlement of budgetary funds allocated for the implementation of national projects is considered. The results of the author's research, expressed in the development of a sequence of actions to improve the efficiency of disclosure and investigation of crimes of the category under study, are proposed. The author points out the importance of operational-search activities, namely the activities of the economic security and anti-corruption units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the process of countering crimes related to the theft of budget funds allocated for the implementation of national projects. In conclusion, methodological recommendations are proposed for the territorial heads of the economic security and anti-corruption departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

ANTITUMOR DRUG BASED ON THE GENE-MODIFIED VACCINIA VIRUS VV-GMCSF-Lact

Virotherapy, or therapy with oncolytic viruses, is one of the most rapidly developing approaches to the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors. The article is devoted to the development and study of the properties of the first domestic drug based on recombinant vaccinia virus. The recombinant virus VV-GMCSF-Lact was engineered from Lister strain (L-IVP) vaccinia virus. The cytotoxic activity and antitumor efficacy of the virus against human tumor cells of various tissue origins were shown on cell cultures and tumor models. The drug has successfully passed preclinical studies as a drug against human breast cancer, including a triple negative phenotype. The drug was proven to be safe, well tolerated and pharmacologically effective. It is currently in Phase I clinical trials to study safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in patients with relapsed and/or refractory metastatic breast cancer. VV-GMCSF-Lact is the first Russian antitumor oncolytic virus which received the permission from the Russian Ministry of Health to conduct clinical trials.

Информационно-аналитическая система анализа региональных социально-экономических процессов на основе комплексного использования динамических моделей различных типов

Currently, digitalization processes are actively developing. Digital tools make it possible to strengthen a systematic approach to monitoring, analyzing and forecasting socio-economic indicators. The introduction of information and analytical systems (IAS) for the study of socio-economic processes improves the decision-making process in public administration and it is an urgent task. This paper outlines the principles and approaches to the analysis and forecast of socio-economic processes, implemented in the construction of an information-analytical system. The structure of the IAS includes a database of statistical data, an analytical subsystem and a subsystem for visualizing the results. The database is developed in the MS SQL Server program and it uses official statistical data posted on the websites of state statistics, the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation, ministries and departments. It contains information on the total population and in the division by groups, on the population density in the distribution by age of inhabitants; fertility, mortality, natural population growth, migration; statistical data on human and production resources, gross regional product. The analytical subsystem of the IAS is developed in the Microsoft Visual Studio environment and implemented in the high-level C# programming language. It contains algorithms for analysis, modeling and forecasting indicators of regional socio-economic processes based on the integrated use of dynamic models of various types. Visualization and display of the results of the work of the IAS is given in the form of tables, graphs, diagrams, cartograms according to official statistical data of one of the regions of the Russian Federation – the Udmurt Republic. The developed IAS, unlike other information systems, analyzes not only indicators characterizing the state and dynamics of the socio-economic system, but also examines the structure of ongoing processes in terms of time, territory, and age of the objects under study. This system allows to quickly track changes in the dynamics and structure of socio-economic indicators and provide it to decision makers in a timely manner.

Cerebral ischemic events in patients with infective endocarditis: results of a single center retrospective study

Cerebral ischemic events, including ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA), are among the most common extracardiac complications of infective endocarditis (IE).Objective: to evaluate cerebral ischemic events (prevalence, clinical and neuroimaging characteristics, predictors, prognosis) in patients with “left-sided” IE, who underwent cardiac surgery, according to the registry of the Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery.Material and methods. A retrospective review of data from the hospital information system was performed in one of the federal centers for cardiovascular surgery of the Russian Ministry of Health. Inclusion criteria in the study: age of patients ≥18 years, significant or probable (Duke criteria) IE of the left heart – aortic and/or mitral valves. Patients with isolated right heart IE (tricuspid valve, pacemaker-associated endocarditis), nonbacterial thromboendocarditis, and chronic IE were excluded from the study. For the analysis, 222 cases of IE in 216 patients were used. IS was observed in 43 (19.4%) patients with “left-sided” IE, TIA – in 4 (1.8%). In 2/3 of cases, patients suffered a minor stroke (NIHSS <5), while every fifth patient had symptoms of encephalopathy. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of cerebral embolism. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each of the significant risk factors, and time to first clinical event (death) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results. On neuroimaging in IE, the following signs were frequently detected: involvement of different cerebral vascular territories (65.1%), multifocal (≥1 focus) infarcts (74.4%), hemorrhagic transformation (37.2%). Cortical and/or subcortical distribution of infarcts was observed in 97.7% of patients. According to multivariate analysis, IS and TIA were predicted by vegetations >10 mm (OR 3.552; 95% CI 1.066–11.8463; p=0.039), mobile vegetations (OR 6.112; 95% CI 1.105–33.784; p=0.038) and multiple vegetations (OR 5.2 08, 95% CI 1.189–22.805, p=0.029). The impact of cerebral embolism on prognosis (in-hospital and long-term mortality) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery was not established.Conclusion. According to the neuroimaging data, cerebral infarcts in IE correspond to the main signs of cardioembolism. The characteristics of the vegetations (size >10 mm, mobility, multiplicity) are a crucial indicator of the embolic potential of IE.

Perspectives of Future Russo-Georgian War: Real Possibility or Speculation

Perspectives of Future Russo-Georgian War: Real Possibility or Speculation

Organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation in 2022. 15<sup>th</sup> Report from the Registry of the Russian Transplant Society

Objective: to monitor the current trends and developments in organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation based on data from the year 2022.Materials and methods. Heads of organ transplant centers were surveyed through questionnaires. Data control was done using the information accounting system of the Russian Ministry of Health. We performed a comparative analysis of data obtained over years from various federal subjects of the Russian Federation and transplant centers.Results. Based on data retrieved from the National Registry in 2022, 46 kidney, 31 liver and 16 heart transplant programs were existing in the Russian Federation as of the year 2022. Organ donation activity in 2022 was 5.2 per million population (p.m.p.), with a 73.7% multi-organ procurement rate and an average of 2.8 organs procured from one effective donor. In 2022, 2,555 organ transplants were performed in the Russian Federation, which included 1,562 kidney, 659 liver and 310 heart transplants. Same year, the number of transplant surgeries performed in the Russian Federation increased by 10.0% compared to 2021. In Moscow, organ donation activity was 26.3 p.m.p. The city of Moscow and the Moscow Oblast alone had a total of 12 transplant centers, accounting for 52.6% of all kidney transplants and 64.8% of all extrarenal transplants in the country. The number of organ recipients in the Russian Federation exceeds 150 p.m.p.Conclusion. The geographic distribution of transplant centers in the Russian Federation continues to expand. Five new centers were opened in 2022. Over the past year, the number of effective donors and organ transplants increased in the country. The resource potential of medical institutions has not been exhausted and this is set to further increase the number of organ transplants performed. Moscow is the powerhouse of Russian transplantology. However, other regional leaders have since appeared in the Russian Federation, such as in Kemerovo, Kazan, Rostov-on-Don, Tyumen, Irkutsk, and Volzhsky. In the Russian Federation, priority is being given to pediatric transplant care. It is expedient to implement a complex of measures aimed at identifying potential recipients.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МЕЖНАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО И МЕЖКОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО СОГЛАСИЯ В МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ СРЕДЕ В РАМКАХ ВНЕАУДИТОРНОЙ РАБОТЫ СО СТУДЕНТАМИ РОССИЙСКИХ ВУЗОВ

The article presents the results of an analysis of the activities of 201 Russian universities based on a survey in the information and analytical system “Monitoring” of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science regarding the strategic objectives of the country’s national and youth policy: harmonization of interethnic (interethnic) relations, prevention of extremism and preventionof conflicts on national and religious grounds, increasing the level of interethnic (interethnic) and interfaith harmony among young people. It has been revealed that in the vast majority of universities, work aimed at harmonizing interethnic relations among students, as well as improving the quality of their adaptation processes to new living and learning conditions, is underway. In 64.7% of the universities surveyed there is an International Friendship Club (IFC) or a community with a diff erent name, positioning itself in its activities as an IFC. The main attention in the activities of the IFC is paid to students who arrived from other countries and, therefore, to building an interethnic dialogue at an international level. The problems of interethnic relations among students that represent the native peoples of Russia are addressed much less frequently. The theme of interfaith interaction is practically relevant. The activities carried out are focused mainly on the tasks of ensuring cross-cultural communications, as well as assistance to foreign students. It is concluded that universities have strong support for working on the harmonization of interethnic relations already, while in the context of an aggravated geopolitical situation, student organizations need to increase attention to the task of increasing the level of harmony among native peoples of Russia and strengthening the unity of the Russian nation.