Russian Federation Regions Research Articles

Regional innovation systems efficiency analyses and evaluation: DEA approach implementation

The innovative transformation is a necessary condition for sustainable economic development. The study reveals an assessment and comparative analysis of the Regional Innovation Systems’ (RIS) performance in the Russian Federation using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The DEA model under the Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumption, focused on output parameters, is used to estimate the relative technical efficiency of regions based on several input and output parameters. Based on the obtained results, a rating of regions was compiled: four groups of regions were identified depending on their technical efficiency level. It was revealed that the leading regions by innovative development level are assessed by the DEA somewhat differently. A comparative analysis of the innovation systems performance at the regional and federal levels allowed us to identify the most and least effective subjects of the Russian Federation, federal districts and economic regions. The main conclusion is that less than a third of the Russian regions use their production capabilities as efficient as possible, the remaining regions can significantly improve the way they use the available resources. The results of the study might be used in making managerial decisions at the country, federal districts and regions levels in order to develop measures and mechanisms for improving the efficiency of regional innovation systems.

РАЗВИТИЕ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦИИ В МЯСНОМ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВЕ: МЕХАНИЗМ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ И КООПЕРАЦИИ ОТРАСЛИ

The main purpose of the work is the development of proposals for improving the integration mechanism and cooperation processes based on clustering in the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the region. The object of the study is manufacturing, processing, marketing, supplying and servicing enterprises of the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of AIC. In the course of the work, the specifics of elaboration of an optimal mechanism for the development of clustering on the principles of integration and cooperation in the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of AIC were studied. In the present-day market conditions, the current state of integrated and cooperated structures of AIC is analyzed on the basis of reporting of agricultural enterprises of the regions and the Russian Federation as a whole. The difficulties of organizing the interaction of economic entities of AIC with research, educational, financial, credit and insurance institutions are revealed. On the basis of statistical-economic, monographic, abstract-logical and computational-constructive methods, organizational and economic conditions for the formation of the mechanism underlying the clustering of integration and cooperation processes in the meat-product sub- complex of the regions of Russian Federation are investigated. A structural model of a meat- product cluster, based on protocluster structures identified in the AIC and promising enterprises of the regions, is proposed. In particular, the formation of Regional Cluster Development Centers, Regional slaughter-and-purchasing stations, Territorial Hybrid-breeding centers on the base of potential clusters is proposed. Calculated and justified reduction in the production cost and final price of meat products in the retail markets of the regions of the Russian Federation is accepted the key parameter of the socio-economic efficiency of the proposed mechanism. The scope of application of the developments: management bodies of the agro-industrial complex, heads of personal subsidiary and peasant (private) farms, boards of production and consumer cooperatives, management of agricultural, processing, supplying and servicing enterprises.

Adolescents on Social Media: Aggression and Cyberbullying.

The aggressiveness of social networking is a significant component of the risk modern teenagers face during socialization, and cyberbullying is one of the most controversial forms of aggressive behavior on social media. This paper deals with the study of secondary school students' behavior on social media. The parameters characterizing teenagers' usage of social media - their activity, intensity, motives, and self-presentation - are analyzed with respect to gender, age, and social psychological factors. The main focus is teenagers' personal experience dealing with aggressive situations on social media: their role in aggressive situations (as aggressor, victim, or witness); the form of aggression (public or private); the aggressor's characteristics (acquaintances or strangers, persons, or groups); and their views on what action victims should take (ignoring it, confronting it, or asking for help). This article is based on data obtained by researchers at the Center for Sociology of Education of the Institute of Education Management of the Russian Academy of Education in 2020-2021. Using a specially developed questionnaire, we collected responses from 40,575 students from grades 7-11 in 17 regions of Russian Federation through an anonymous online survey. Mathematical statistical methods were used for data processing, specifically, the chi-square test in the "Basic statistics-Difference tests" module of the "StatSoft Statistica 7.0" package. The data showed that the adolescents with high status among their classmates ("leaders") used social media as an important educational resource, while those with low status ("loners") used it to compensate for their poor real-life experience. Aggression on social media appears to be quite common among adolescents. The traditional differences between male and female subcultures appeared in the choice between private or public forms of aggression. The increase in aggressive interactions with strangers as the youth aged indicated that the realization of the teenage distinctive basic need for "expanding one's social environment" in online interaction comes with the risks of encountering unfriendly, aggressive reactions. Communication on social media reflects an adolescent's real-life interaction in school: those who have experienced psychological or physical bullying are more likely to become both victims and offenders in aggressive situations on social media. Th is transfer of group bullying from real life to the virtual can be seen as the main feature of adolescent cyberbullying.

Comparative Analysis of Regional Innovative Development Indexes in the Space of Expert-Defined Characteristics of Regional Differentiation

The purpose of the study is to compare the indexes of innovative development of regions and identify indexes that do not have significant differences. In this article, we used an approach that allows comparing an arbitrary set of indexes of innovative development of the Russian Federation regions in the space of differentiation characteristics used in solving project management problems. Eight indexes are compared: four author's indexes constructed using estimates of the technical efficiency of interaction between science and business in the region and four published indexes with a similar applied focus. Comparative analysis of indices is carried out in the space of expert-defined characteristics of regional differentiation. An approach has been tested to identify indexes that are not distinguishable when solving control problems parameterized using differentiation characteristics.

Analysis of Differentiation of Regions in the Conditions of Sustainable Development

This article is devoted to the analysis of the factors aimed at ensuring the sustainability of development, as well as certain markers of the presence of the stable development of the Russian Federation regions. As part of the work, it is planned to analyze the relationship of digital development in the country and its effective effects for the process of interregional differentiation in modern conditions of a prolonged economic crisis, aggravated by an unfavorable epidemiological situation. In this case, particular importance should be given to the analysis of the ecological component as a factor that predetermines the possibility of the development and implementation of certain technologies. Due to the dynamic assessment of the decoupling effect, the differentiation of regions is assumed, the analysis of the tendency towards a decrease in the inconsistency of the development models of territories. Herewith, special attention is focused on the factor of a potential further decrease in differentiation based on an increase in the sustainability of economic and environmental development processes.

Defining key stakeholders in socio-economic development strategies of the Russian Federation regions

Defining key stakeholders in socio-economic development strategies of the Russian Federation regions

Foreign labor migration control in Russian regions using multicultural barometer (by the example of the Republic of Karelia)

The article deals with foreign labor migration flows control as well as migration monitoring which are important for the Russian Federation regions’economy development. A new migration monitoring toolkit is proposed by the authors - Multicultural Barometer. It allows to quantify migration indicators in a region from 4 various angles: labor market; national identity; migrants’ adaptation; migrants’integration. The research data is coming from open sources (Kareliastat, Federal Migration Service of the Republic of Karelia, Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Karelia, data obtained from Centers for Interethnic Cooperation in Karelian municipalities); both migrants’ pilot survey and host community survey organized in 18 municipalities of the Republic of Karelia. The study conducted in Karelia seems to be important in a context of its geographical location (on a border with Finland) highlighting both successful practices and developing new tools for migration monitoring aimed at scientifically based solutions for migration control. Multicultural barometer as a tool was recommended by the Federal Agency on Ethnic Issues of Russia (FADN) and Strategic Initiatives Agency in 2017 as best regional practice for further implementation all over the Russian Federation.

Russian Federation Regions Population State Protection from Natural and Man-Made Emergencies Evaluation Correction

Russian Federation Regions Population State Protection from Natural and Man-Made Emergencies Evaluation Correction

Forming of Innovative Resources in the Context of Ensuring Sustainable Development of Regions

The problem of the formation of innovative resources in the context of sustainable development of the Russian Federation regions is an actual area of research, since the scientific discussion has determined that it is advisable to include innovative and institutional factors in the sustainable development triad. The key components of sustainable development, ensuring economic growth in the era of the sixth technological order are clarified and described. It has been established that modern innovative transformation in the context of sustainable development implies the introduction of IT technologies with a high degree of robotization of the production process, as well as the enhancement of information transfer procedures and the use of a large flow of information. Pursuant to the results of the study of the theory of innovative development, as well as the analysis and assessment of the Russian experience of innovation activity and the formation of innovation policy, the architecture of the strategy for the region innovative development has been substantiated. Requirements for the current modern strategy of region innovative development for sustainable development are formulated

Index approach implementation mechanism to the human capital assessing within the framework of the sustainable development concept

The article presents and describes the methodology for assessing human capital level using the human development index. The assessment was carried out on the example of the regions of the Russian Federation within the framework of the sustainable development concept. The priority goals of sustainable development related to human capital have been identified. The methodology for calculating the human development index is described, taking into account the characteristics of a particular country and its regions. All components of the final human development index are considered in detail. Its indicators are analyzed on the example of the Russian Federation regions. The final stage was the compilation of a rating of the Russian Federation regions according to the human development index, strong and weak regions were identified. The advantages and disadvantages of this index approach are described and how this approach is adapted to the conditions of a particular country.

Development of a Scientific and Methodological Basis and Technology for Remote State Assessment of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection of the Russian Federation Regions Territories and Municipalities

Development of a Scientific and Methodological Basis and Technology for Remote State Assessment of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection of the Russian Federation Regions Territories and Municipalities

Research of the innovative development of the Russian Federation regions and its impact on the eco-friendliness of the economy based on neural network cluster analysis for the purpose of economic security

This article is devoted to the assessment of innovative development of the Russian Federation regions using self-organizing Kohonen maps. The relevance of this paper is due to the need to develop various criteria for making decisions on state support for regions, the use of which will allow to conduct a comprehensive assessment of regional development. Its findings should serve as a reliable, high-quality source of information about the feasibility and type of support for a particular region. The study provides a justification for a set of indicators that are used in conducting cluster analysis. The methodology developed by the authors provides an opportunity to divide the regions into clusters, conduct their quantitative and qualitative analysis, and further predict the key indicators of the regions based on their belonging to different clusters. All this allows to study regional innovative development in dynamics. The authors draw a conclusion about the uneven innovative development of the Russian regions and the ambiguity of connections between the indicators of the share of organizations engaged in technological innovations and the degree of environmental friendliness of the economy. The findings of this study will be useful to public authorities when making decisions on the allocation of budgetary funds for the development of territories.

Интернет-коммуникация и транслокальная миграция: случай Дагестана

The article examines the mechanisms of functioning of internet communication and social networks in the translocal rural communities of Dagestan, a Russian Federation region in the North Caucasus, whose members have been participating in the labor migration to industrial Russian cities. Huge distances and various sociocultural and economic differences between the sending and the receiving societies pose a challenge to the unity of the rural community, djamaat. Rural identity is salient for migrants: they preserve the principle of rural endogamy, bury all the dead migrants in their village, spend money and time on the development of the village, and create public organizations of fellow villagers. The article focuses on the practice of using mobile social networks—Facebook and its Russian counterparts—by transmigrants, their families, and fellow villagers. Social media provide everyday family communication and serve as a platform for performing important social rites such as finding a bride, matchmaking, remitting money for condolences, as well as transferring important information between migrants and those living in the village. Rural chats consolidate the community and formulate the idea of the unity and also become power and economic resources for migrants. At the same time, the villagers’ chats are the places where the laws of reputation are at work, therefore they can also demonstrate positive or negative social capital and carry a danger for migrants, especially for women. Article in Russian DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-3-26-51

Зимующий сорт масличного льна Снегурок

Based on the use of our own original technology of polyploid genome recombination (PGR), at VNIIMK, Krasnodar, frost-resistant parental reploid germplasm was obtained, and then a line k-4207 highly resistant to negative winter temperatures was isolated. In 2019, the frost-resistant line of oil flax k4207, under the commercial name "Snegurok", was submitted to the State variety testing. Four-year field trials during winter sowing have shown that the new winter oil flax variety Snegurok is highly resistant to winter, including snowless frosts, and can withstand negative temperatures down to 20-23 °C without significant cryo-damages. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, the flowering phase of this variety begins after 20th of April. Ripening of plants begins after 10th of June, when the spring sowing varieties of oil flax are in the flowering phase. The growing season of the variety, taking into account the winter period, is 238–244 days. The yield of the variety, on average for 2018–2019, was 2.27 t/ha, which exceeded the same indicator for the standard variety FLIZ of the spring sowing period, on average by 0.61 t/ha. The winter variety of oil flax Snegurok may be of commercial interest for agricultural producers in the dry steppe regions of southern Russia with rainfall up to 250–350 mm/year. It is developed for cultivation in the Central Black Earth, North Caucasus and Lower Volga regions of Russian Federation.

Methodology of socio-economic development assessment given the characteristics of regional differentiation

The article presents the main provisions of the socio-economic development assessment methodology for the Russian Federation regions, taking into account the characteristics of regional differentiation, developed under the leadership of S.A. Aivazian and with his direct participation.

Количественный анализ причинно-следственных связей показателей неформальной занятости и показателей, характеризующих социально-экономическое развитие регионов Российской Федерации

Для принятия управленческих решений по регулированию рынка труда на региональном уровне необходима объективная статистическая оценка взаимосвязи неформальной занятости с показателями социально-экономического развития. В статье дана количественная оценка данной взаимосвязи с применением критерия Грейнджера. Managerial decisions on the regulation of the labor market at the regional level should be based on an objective statistical assessment of the relationship of informal employment with indicators of socio-economic development is required. The article provides a quantitative assessment of this relationship using the Grager criterion.

Results of providing specialized medical care to victims in road traffic accidents on Federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” in the Arkhangelsk region

Relevance. Currently, there is a general increase in the severity of injuries due to the dominance of high-energy multiple and concomitant injuries, especially on high-speed federal highways.Intention: To evaluate specialized medical care and hospital mortality in victims of road traffic accidents on the Federal Highway M-8 “Kholmogory” in the Arkhangelsk Region.Methodology. We selected 906 case histories of patients (form 003/y) injured in accidents on the federal highway M-8 “Kholmogory” and urgently admitted to hospitals of the Arkhangelsk region in 2012 - 2018. Registration forms were selected according to the criteria of retrospective full-design documentary observation. Differences between the observation groups were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 with correction for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni).Results and Discussion. In the healthcare organizations of the Arkhangelsk region, patients with polytrauma received surgical treatment, with percentage of selective and urgent surgeries, average hospital bed days and time in intensive care units significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to other patients, while isolated injuries were more often (p = 0.001) treated non-sur-gically. Hospital mortality was 6.0%, deceased patients were significantly older (p = 0.015), and pedestrians comprised half of them (p <0.001). Polytrauma was a cause of all deaths, with average severity of 38 points by the ISS severity scale [22; 48] (p = 0.001); more than a half died 1 day after an accident (p = 0.001).Conclusions. One of the possible ways to improve the medical care to victims of road traffic accidents on the federal highways at all stages of medical evacuation is to develop, scientifically justify and implement a systemic register of the health consequences of road traffic injuries in the practice of public health in the regions of Russian Federation.

Economic analysis of tax incentives impact on the development projects’ investment attractiveness in Russian Federation regions (on the example of the Ryazan region)

Economic analysis of tax incentives impact on the development projects’ investment attractiveness in Russian Federation regions (on the example of the Ryazan region)

The application of autonomous systems based on renewable energy sources in rural settlements of different regions of Russian Federation

The aim of the research is to analyze and determine the most perspective renewable energy source (RES) for autonomous off-grid electrification in small settlements (less than 500 people) of Russia. Three climate zones were investigated in the research – South region, Far East region, Central region where average summer insolation is 5,76 kWh/m2; 5,88 kWh/m2; 5,35 kWh/m2 and average winter insolation is 1,93 kWh/m2; 0,75 kWh/m2; 1,03 kWh/m2, respectively. Output power values were similar in all investigated regions, however the main economic impact comes from social-economic factors – regional fuel price, transporting costs, assumed to be 75$US/month and size of photovoltaic system – higher solar activity needs fewer PV cells to satisfy required load. Using simulating software, hybrid photovoltaic-diesel systems demonstrated various costs of energy (LCOE): 0.257$/kWh in Krasnodar region, 0,378$/kWh in Orenburg region and 0,4$/kWh in Irkutsk region. Higher solar activity during winter season in Krasnodar region that allows to reduce fuel consumption as well as LCOE. Increased solar activity also allows to reduce the number of panels required to satisfy the demand. These results was compared to diesel only generators. Krasnodar region generators LCOE was 1,19$US/kWh, Orenburg region generators LCOE was 1,13$US/kWh, Irkutsk region generators LCOE was 1,31$US/kWh. The investigation also shows the influence of the ecological factor on the utilization of renewable energy sources – decrease in fuel consumption from 6000 liters per year to about 250 liters per year as well as reducing the carbon dioxide emissions.

The potential of agrivoltaic systems in the conditions of southern regions of Russian Federation

The aim of this research is to analyze the potential of agrivoltaic systems (AV) on the territory of Russian Federation. Two configurations of AV systems with 3.2m and 6,4m spacing between photovoltaic (PV) arrays were investigated and on the 4m distance above the crop field. The simulation was performed on the 1 ha of sugar beetroot/lettuce crop field as the most suitable vegetables for shading conditions. The simulation was performed in the conditions of Krasnodar region with average annual solar insolation at 4,20 kWh/m2. Net Present Cost of the agrivoltaic system with minimal 3,2m spacing between the arrays is 558277 $US and cost of energy of this configuration is 0.7$US/kWh. Net Present Cost of the agrivoltaic system with 6,4 m spacing between the arrays is 424216$US and Cost of energy is 0,723$US/kWh. Assuming the reduction of sunlight by 30% from 3,2m spacing and by 10%-20% from 6,4 spacing, expected yield of crops is supposed to be 70%-80% of normal yield. Using agrivoltaics for combined use of land allows increasing the productivity of agricultural land by 45%-70% according to Land Equivalent Ratio. With creation comfortable conditions of agrivoltaic development, such systems can have huge impact on the rural off-grid electrification, creating autonomous renewable source of energy.