Russian Federation Regions Research Articles

Nothospecies ×Sorbaronia fallax (Rosaceae) in the flora of Ukraine

× Sorbaronia fallax комплекс штучно виведених міжродових гібридів. Це одна з не традиційних плодових культур. Її плоди використовуються в харчуванні та як лікарська сировина. × Sorbaronia fallax спорадично вирощують у плодових садах, лісових культу рах, лісосмугах, використовують в озелененні. У багатьох країнах Великій Британії , Норвегії, Швеції, Фінляндії, Бельгії, Нідерландах, Чехії, Естонії, Латвії, Литві, Польщі, Білорусі, окремих суб’єктах Російськ ої Федерації та в США (Коннектикут) × S. fall ax є інвазійною. Під час експедиційних досліджень у 2018 і 2020 роках нами відмічено кілька випадків зростання цього нотовиду поза культурою. Нашою м ет ою було узагальнити відомості про спонтанне поширення × S. fallax поза місцями культивування і окреслити ї ї вторинний ареал в Україні. У статті обговорюємо проблему таксономії і номенклатури “чорноплідної горобини” яка розповсюджена в Україні і є апоміктичним мікровидом. На нашу думку, для цього нототаксону доцільно було б використовувати назву × S orbaronia mi tschurinii , проте це б суперечило International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants . Основна частина публікації присвячена аналізу наявних джерел про вирощування і спонтанне поширення × S. fallax в Україні. Поза культурою цей нототаксон нині р осте у Львівській, Івано Франківській, Волинській, Рівненській, Житомирській, Київській та Сумській областях, а також в околицях Києва. Він спонтанно поширюється на узліссях, вирубках, вздовж лісових доріг, на пасовищах, болотистих і заплавних луках, болот ах та торфовищах. × Sorbaronia fallax є еукенофітом, ергазіофітом. Локальні спонтанні популяції × S. fallax переважно малочисельні, але деякі з них нараховують від кількох десятків до кількох сотень особин. Показуємо, що є підстави розглядати × S. fallax як п отенційно інвазійний нотовид у північних і західних областях України. У додатках наведено перелік відомостей про поширення × S. fallax у культур і та поза нею.

Features of developing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein population-based seroprevalence during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Russian Federation

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, dubbed COVID-19, has become one of the most serious challenges for human populations in the vast majority of countries worldwide. Rapid spreading and increased mortality related to it required new approaches to manage epidemic processes on a global scale. One of such approaches was based on analyzing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence associated with COVID-19. Our aim was to summarize the results on assessing seroprevalence to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (Nc) in residents from 26 regions of the Russian Federation, carried out during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic.Materials and methods. Seroprevalence distribution was examined in 26 model regions of the Russian Federation according to the unified method developed by the Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the Federal State Institution Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Such approach implied formation of a group of volunteer subjects in model geographic region who were tested by ELISA for anti-Nc serum antibody level in peripheral blood. Analyzed primary data obtained in separate regions were either accepted for publication or released.Results. The current paper finalizes the data obtained in all 26 regions of the Russian Federation. The total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 19.5 (10.0–25.6)% with the maximum and minimum value found in the Kaliningrad Region and the Republic of Crimea, respectively (50.2% vs. 4.3%). A pattern of age-related seroprevalence distribution indicates insignificant predominance of seroprevalence among subjects of 1–17 years old: 22.1 (13.1–31.8)%. Among COVID-19 convalescents positive for SARS-CoV Nc antibodies it reached 60.0 (40.0–73.3)%. The number of contact persons comprised 6285 subjects or 8.5% of total volunteer cohort, with the level of seroprevalence reaching up to 25.3 (17.95–35.8)%. A direct correlation was revealed between levels of seroprevalence in convalescent and contact volunteers. In addition, the reproductive number for SARS-CoV was calculated comprising 5.8 (4.3–8.5) suggesting that one convalescent subject can infect at least 4 healthy individuals. A high level of asymptomatic forms of COVID-19 among seropositive subjects was confirmed empirically comprising up to 93.6 (87.1–94.9)%.Conclusion. A single cross-sectional study performed during 2020 June–August timeframe allowed to assess pattern of sex- and agerelated COVID-19 seroprevalence for general population in 26 Russian Federation regions. The data obtained may serve as a basis for the longitudinal cohort investigation with serial subject sampling. The timing and duration of study will be determined by dynamics of ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.

SOUTH CAUCASIAN ETHNIC COMMUNITIES IN RUSSIA: SPECIFICS OF FORMATION AND ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THEIR HOMELANDS

This study has been suggested by the huge importance of labor migration for the social and economic development of the South Caucasian post-Soviet space. Confronted with an unprecedented outflow of their citizens and acutely aware of the problems associated with migration of able-bodied population to other countries, Russia among them, these countries have arrived at a conclusion that their migration policies need reforms. The article analyzes the trends of labor migration from the South Caucasian countries to Russia and other equally popular destinations. The migration trends up to and including Russia’s regions with the maximum numbers of labor migrants from the Southern Caucasus and the structure of their employment by industry are also analyzed. The paper contains statistics on the amounts of remittances sent by labor migrants from Russia to their homelands and assesses their impact on the economies of corresponding states. The cultural and economic contacts between the diasporas and the countries of their origin suggested a comparative analysis of their emergence and development. We have identified the typical industries preferred by representatives of each of the South Caucasian states in Russia, and the documents required of migrants to be employed in Russia. Conclusions related to the specifics of influence and the role of the diasporas in the structure of their employment are contained in the final part of our article along with the identified patterns and trends of these processes. Today, the situation on the market is unbalanced when it comes to job availability and the positions of members of these diasporas. The situation will remain the same as long as diasporas preserve their influence and the migration flows, their proportions. We have identified the most attractive regions in terms of job availability, the spread of migrants from the Southern Caucasus across the regions of the Russian Federation and the rivalry between Azeris, Armenians, and Georgians for jobs in various employment spheres.

Self-development of regions as a factor in Russia's political and economic infrastructure improvement

Subject. This article discusses the importance of self-development of regions for the country's economy. Objectives. The article aims to identify the reasons for the decline in interest in the idea of self-development of regions and search for approaches to its mainstreaming. Methods. For the study, I used statistical and analog procedure approaches. Results. The article names and describes the main factors hindering the self-development of the Russian Federation regions. Conclusions. It is necessary to change the strategy of the political and economic infrastructure arrangement of the country to promote a model implying that strong regions do construct the basis of a strong center and power of the country. The methodological approaches to encouraging the regions to switch over to the self-development mode should be adjusted.

The quality of life analysis and assessment of the Russian Federation regions: current state and trends

The quality of life analysis and assessment of the Russian Federation regions: current state and trends

Economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for the cultural organizations in Russia

To assess the economic impact of COVID-19 and to study the specifics of functioning of cultural institutions in the conditions of the pandemic, the authors analyze the 2019—2020 indicators and conduct an expert survey of the heads of cultural institutions of various types located in both capital and small towns, and rural areas in all federal districts. The analysis of the budget financing of cultural sector in 2020 compared to 2019 in Russia as a whole, and in the Russian Federation regions showed a noticeable slowdown of growth rates of expenses for culture and a decrease in the share of these expenses. The analysis of the dynamics of GDP per capita (in constant prices) and the share of household expenditures on recreation and cultural events in total household expenditures made it possible to predict a further reduction of these expenditures and, as a consequence, revenues of cultural organizations and extra-budgetary revenues of state and municipal cultural institutions. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of employees in cultural organizations by forms of part-time employment showed that in the conditions of coronavirus expansion, cultural organizations sought to keep jobs for their employees, but they also used various forms of part-time employment. The expert survey of cultural executives and managers confirms the deterioration of financial support for cultural institutions, including the emergence of difficulties associated with the failure to meet indicators established in the state assignment, and the cultural infrastructure lagging behind modern requirements for online formats. Specific measures are proposed to improve the situation in the cultural sector.

Selection of Outdoor Climate Parameters for Designing of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems

The correct selection of the outdoor climate parameters for the design of ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings allows saving initial costs and reducing energy consumption during operation. The article presents a method of statistical processing of long-term data of measurements of meteorological parameters and the results of calculations for various regions of Russian Federation. The required outdoor climate parameters such as air temperature, specific enthalpy and absolute moisture content, are presented in the form of tables, BIN diagrams and a climate map of a city.

Methodological approach toward assessing publication activity of Russian researchers in the Russian Federation regions based on Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus data

The study task is to develop and substantiate the methodological approach toward assessing publication activities of Russian researchers in the RF regions based on Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. The fundamental distinction of the proposed method from the existing ones is that it enables to eliminate over-estimation and under-estimation of publication activity figures. Besides, it enables to analyze all the regions at once rather than individual districts or territories. The study sustains inconsistency of the sci-tech landscape in different federal okrugs (regions) and, for several of them, lacking the correlation between the research results and available resources in the regions. The study findings would enable the government authorities to make administrative decisions at the federal and municipal levels. The study was accomplished out of the funds of the State Order of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation “Organizational, technological, research and methodological support and promotion of national journals to the international science citation databases; information and analytical support of the publicly funded subscription to international information resources in science for research and educational organizations”.

Information support of an independent assessment of the quality of the conditions of service delivery organizations of the social sphere: the experience of the Russian Federation regions

Information support of an independent assessment of the quality of the conditions of service delivery organizations of the social sphere: the experience of the Russian Federation regions

The scenario modeling of regional competitiveness risks based on the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations

The paper is devoted to the development of analytical tools for assessing the dynamics of risks to the competitiveness of Russian regions within the conditions of incomplete information. The choice of analysis methods for assessing the risk dynamics was substantiated. A solution based on the implementation of homogeneous Markov models with a discrete set of states and continuous time was proposed, it allowed to assess the probability of risks affecting regional competitiveness. A hierarchical structure of factors that determine the risks of regional competitiveness was formed as a cause-and-effect graph. Corresponding systems of Kolmogorov – Chapman differential equations were obtained and solved. An example for analyzing a 3-element minimal cut set of a cause-effect graph was presented. A set of scenarios for the study of risks and their combinations in various conditions was proposed. The solution was obtained for three leading Russian regions. For a set of scenarios, numerical assessments of risk factors that significantly affect the decline in the competitiveness of regions have been fulfilled. The study results made it possible to rank the effects of critical event occurrence, to identify the most significant risk factors for the loss of sustainable development and competitiveness for the Russian Federation regions.

Cluster Approach to Strategic Planning on a Regional Level in the Russian Federation

The article aim is to determine the use of the cluster model of economic modernization in the regional Russian Federation socio-economic development strategies. The following tasks are solved within the article framework: identifying the Russian regions for which the cluster development topic is the most significant and relevant; studying the relationship between the regional strategies approval period and the level of cluster terminology used in them; analyzing the relationship of the cluster concept and other currently used approaches, such as industrial cooperation, «smart specialization» and «lean manufacturing». The main research methods: content analysis and correlation analysis. The study shows a high level of cluster approach use in regional strategies, as well as territorial differentiation of the level of cluster concept use by Russian Federation regions.

Influence of digitalization on the development of social entrepreneurship in the regions of Russian Federation

The development of social entrepreneurship as a relatively new form of solving social problems depends on many factors, particularly on the institutional environment and its digitalization. Information processing systems and various activities associated with digital technologies affect almost all aspects of economic activity. This study aims to analyze and substantiate the impact of digital transformation processes on social enterprises in the regions of the Russian Federation. Regression and correlation analysis was used as a research method. In the course of testing the hypothesis about the influence of the digital component on the development of social entrepreneurship, the importance of investment in informatization and communications and the share of the population using the Internet in a particular region are shown.

Современный подросток: выражение протеста и отношение к экстремизму

The paper explores teenagers’ attitude towards protest demonstration and exremism. The analysis is based on the data of a questionnaire survey carried out by the staff of the Centre of Sociology of Education (Institute of Education Management of the Russian Academy of Education).The survey involved 4873 students of grades 7th–11th of schools located in 3 regions of Russian Federation: Zabaikalsky Krai, Tulskaya oblast’ and Smolenskaya oblast’. The data obtained in the research reveal specific gender and age differences. Male students choose active forms of protest whereas female students prefer discussions with friends and family or hiding their protest. The legitimate protest activity increases with age. The data showed that protest demonstration depend on student’s social status: those with high status among classmates tend to choose active protest forms like participating in public protest events, appealing to the authorities, going to court. According to the survey teenagers’ readiness to participate in active protest forms and involvement into extremist organizations’ activity are connected to their activity in social media and aggressive behavior on the Internet (p≤0,05 for all comparisons). The results allow us to conclude that teenagers’ protest activity and their involvement into extremist organizations’ activity and attitude towards extremism are a part of their overall life position and determined by personal characteristics.

Research of clean drinking water provision the population of the Kemerovo region-Kuzbass

Many regions of Russian Federation have serious problems with water supply. Despite the significant water resource potential, including ground, surface and mineral waters, not all the population of the Kemerovo region is provided with clean drinking water. Besides the location of heavy industry enterprises, especially coal mines and pits, within the boundaries of river basins affects the condition and quality of water from different water sources. The purpose of this paper is to provide a research of clean drinking water providing the population of the Kemerovo region-Kuzbass, formulate the main problems and identify possible areas of activity in the field of increasing the availability of clean drinking water for the population of Kemerovo region-Kuzbass.

Model of socio-economic factors in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 across Russian regions

The worldwide spread of a new infection SARS-CoV-2 makes relevant the analysis of the different factors that lead to the vulnerability of modern civilization to previously unknown diseases. In this regard, the development of mathematical models describing the evolution of epidemics like COVID-19 and the identification of socio-economic factors affecting the epidemiological situation in regions is an important research task. The paper proposes a probabilistic mathematical model for the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, which allows to analyze the evolution of the main characteristics of the disease and to assess main factors influencing them. The study is based on the official statistical data on the spread of the COVID 19 presented on coronavirus sites in the Russian Federation and other countries, the Yandex Data Lens dataset service, as well as the data from the Federal State Statistics Service. In the research some data mining methods were used for evaluation the model’s parameters. The model equations allow to predict the evolution of the disease and estimate the confidence interval of such prognosis. We estimated the ratio of detected and hidden cases of the disease, the distribution of the disease’s duration probability and its average value for different regions. It has been mathematically proven that the vaccination is the necessary and sufficient condition of achievement a stationary stable state - the cessation of a pandemic. The regions of Russian Federation were clustered by the course of the disease COVID-19 on the base of k-means method. The analysis of the most important socio-economic factors affecting the epidemiological situation was provided separately for each cluster.

Реализация государственной поддержки социального предпринимательства в развитии услуг социальной сферы в РФ в региональных практиках

Реализация государственной поддержки социального предпринимательства в развитии услуг социальной сферы в РФ в региональных практиках

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The article examines the potential and prospects for the development of the digital economy of the re-gions of the Russian Federation. The process of digitalization is one of the most important drivers of both economic and social development of the regions, which is the relevance of this topic. Modern digital technol-ogies affect and actively improve most of the spheres of life: education, trade, production, and much more. As a result of the research, the main ways of development of the digital economy of the Russian Federation were studied, the level of digitalization of its subjects was determined through the prism of open sources on the basis of the new author's methodology of the Moscow School of Management «Skolkovo». The authors made a comparative analysis of the level of digitalization of various regions of Russia, as well as recommen-dations for the development of the digital economy of the country and its subjects.

АНАЛИЗ УРОВНЯ И КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РОССИИ 2019–2020 ГГ.

The article examines the regional dynamics of the level of wages and the level of quality of life in the regions of the Russian Federation according to the ratings of RIA Rating. There was a discrepancy, with the exception of one region, in the composition of outsiders in the ratings of quality of life and the level of wages. At the same time, there is a high degree of correspondence between the level of wages of the population and civil servants in the Russian regions. The revealed trends suggest further research in the field of reducing the differentiation of the level and quality of life of the population of Russian regions and preventing unregulated labor migration from backward regions to the most developed.

Формирование методологической основы исследования инвестиционной политики субъектов хозяйствования в регионах Российской Федерации

Формирование методологической основы исследования инвестиционной политики субъектов хозяйствования в регионах Российской Федерации

Features of Long-Term Incidence Rates of Acute Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Influenza in the Population of the Rostov Region

Summary. Introduction: As of today, acute viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) remain the most common diseases in the world and the Russian Federation and one of the most important problems of national health care. The objective of our work was to study the dynamics and intensity of the epidemic process of influenza and other URTIs in the Russian Federation and Rostov Region over a thirty-year period and to establish the main features of the disease incidence in the Rostov Region. Materials and methods: We analyzed data of annual State Reports on Sanitary and Epidemiological Wellbeing of the Population in the Russian Federation and Statistical Form No. 2 on information about infectious and parasitic diseases for the period 1990–2019 and data on the size of population using StatSoft STATISTICA 6.1.478 Russian, Microsoft Excel, and NextGIS QGIS software. Results: We found that in 1990–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2019, regional URTI rates tended to decrease in each subsequent decade compared to the previous one. The long-term incidence rate of URTIs in the Rostov Region was 16,099.2 ± (2.045 × 384.2) ‰оо, lower than the Russian average rate of 19,710.3 ± (2.045 × 326.4) (p = 0.05). The amplitude of fluctuations in the incidence was 8,015.4 ‰оо and 7,619.6 ‰оо in the Rostov Region and the Russian Federation, respectively. Until 1997, regional incidence rates were comparable to the national averages but demonstrated an upward trend since the year 2000. We revealed unevenness of the course of the epidemic process related to cyclicity, with an increase in the duration of cycles since 1998. It was determined that the regional incidence of influenza was significantly lower than the national average and had a tendency to decrease. The long-term influenza rate in the Rostov Region was 412.4 ± (2.045 × 131.3) (p = 0.05) or almost three times lower than that in the country 1,553.0 ± (2.045 × 301.2) (p = 0.05). The dynamics of influenza incidence in the Rostov Region also had a cyclical course with a smaller amplitude of fluctuations (3,215.1 ‰оо) than in the Russian Federation (5,164.8 ‰оо). The duration of epidemic cycles in 1990–1998 and 2002–2012 was two years but we noted a three-year cycle in 1999–2001. We established a correlation between influenza and URTI rates and population density in regional cities and various age groups: the highest URTI rates (74.9 %) were registered in children between two to 17 years of age while 52.5 % of influenza cases were adults (aged 18+). Conclusion: The established characteristics of the development of the epidemic process of influenza and URTIs in the Rostov Region prove the necessity of a differentiated approach to organizing and implementing comprehensive preventive measures within optimization of epidemiological surveillance of these diseases, and can also serve as basic criteria for disease prediction.