Russian Equipment Research Articles

Modern russian equipment for No‑Bake processes

The article demonstrates the increasing trend of implementing the CHM technology in Russian foundries, highlighting the advantages of this technology and the equipment utilized. An analysis of the current market situation for foundry equipment supply is conducted, along with examples of modern Russian equipment produced by Rodonit company (St. Petersburg).

Water treatment sludge management in the context of changing environmental legislation in Russia

To consider changes in the regulation of sludge handling in natural and waste water treatment, national projects that contribute to the greening of the sludge handling process, and to present an overview of the market of domestic equipment for sludge treatment and disposal. The changes in regulatory, technical and legal documentation were analysed in the environmental protection sphere and in the field of sludge handling at centralised water treatment plants. Using open sources of information, the market of Russian equipment for sludge dewatering, drying and incineration was reviewed. Taking into account the changes in legislation in the field of waste management, clarifications of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, natural and sewage sludge can be positioned not only as a waste, but also as a secondary resource, secondary raw material or by-product. The adopted amendments do not reduce the responsibility of water supply and sewerage organisations in matters of sludge handling; they are aimed at increasing the interest of industrialists in the involvement of sludge in industrial turnover and simplification of sludge disposal processes. The amendments to the regulatory and legal documentation are likely to contribute to the elimination of such low-ecological objects of natural and sewage sludge disposal as deposition sites. It seems necessary to take incentives for organisations willing to use sludge in their production.

PRODUCT QUALITY AS THE BASIS OF COMPETITIVENESS
 OF RUSSIAN ENGINEERING

The low level of competitiveness of domestic equipment significantly reduces consumer demand. This problem can be solved only on the basis of improving the quality level and operational reliability of manufactured machines, which are laid down in the production of equipment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is improving the manufacturing quality and reliability of Russian-made machines and equipment by improving their production and technical service. (Materials and methods) Investigated as initial information and materials the actual data on machines and equipment involved in agricultural production of countries; indicators of the intensity of their use and operational reliability. The following research methods were applied: monographic, comparative assessments, statistical, analysis and synthesis. (Results and discussion) The work is aimed at determining the reasons for the low level of quality of Russian equipment, substantiating the need for innovative development of production systems and technical service of machinery and equipment. It was determined that the basis of the high competitiveness of foreign equipment is the use of a proprietary method of technical service. The expediency of innovative development of the production and technological system and the creation of machine-building firms has been established. Only the company is interested in improving the quality of manufactured equipment, and only the company can organize branded technical service of its products. (Conclusions) The conducted organizational and technological studies have shown that improving the quality of manufacturing and reliability parameters of machinery and equipment based on the developed innovative method of organizing production and technical service will bring Russian engineering to a competitive level and ensure competitiveness and import substitution in technology.

State support measures for import substitution impact on the investment projects efficiency in the power industry

In the structure of thermal generation of the Russian Federation, the share of modern combined-cycle plants, characterized by low specific fuel consumption (CCGT), is only 16 % and is based on the use of Western-made gas turbines. To stimulate import substitution, as measures of state support, special prices for capacity produced by new generation are used, and tax incentives are provided to investor enterprises. The paper assesses the impact of existing state support measures on the commercial efficiency of the investment project for the construction of a CCGT-120 on Russian equipment in the city of Saki (Republic of Crimea). The indicators of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period for three scenarios (basic and two alternative, differing in the composition of state support measures) are considered. It is shown that the use of a special capacity tariff for new generation (competitive capacity extraction of new generating facilities – KOM NG) and tax incentives ensures the project’s profitability at the level of 18.7 % and the payback period is 7 years. Refusal to provide special tariffs for the capacity will cause the project to become unprofitable. The abolition of tax incentives will lead to a reduction in NPV by 40 %, a decrease in the project’s profitability to a critical level of 14.7 % and an increase in the payback period by 2 years. In order to rise the commercial efficiency of investment projects for the installation of CCGT units on Russian equipment and reduce the scale of their state support, it is necessary to increase the volume of heat supply and optimize investment costs.

Topical Issues of Legal Regulation of Tax Relations in the Context of the Use of artificial intelligence Technology

The paper discusses the current problems of the development of legal regulation of tax administration, as well as the transformation of taxpayers’ responsibilities in the context of intensification of the use of artificial intelligence. It is noted that, given the ambiguity of the normative and doctrinal understanding of the content of the term «artificial intelligence,» it is logical to consider the chatbot of the Federal Tax Service of Russia as a prerequisite for the creation of artificial intelligence for the interaction of tax authorities with taxpayers. The author highlights the value of artificial intelligence in the development of the institute of tax monitoring, consisting in the possibility of forecasting and evaluating tax risks. The paper emphasizes the necessity of developing tax structures on the way of active implementation of artificial intelligence systems. Special attention is paid to the possibility of unifying the register of Russian equipment and software to simplify the application of tax preferences for IT organizations.

MALI: Russian Equipment Arrives

MALI: Russian Equipment Arrives

Forecasting losses of russian military equipment and personnel in Ukraine

Introduction. The hybrid war waged by the russian federation against Ukraine turned into a full-scale military invasion in February 2022. One of the components of Russian military losses in the war is the loss of equipment and personnel. The purpose of the study is to forecast losses of Russian military equipment and its personnel in Ukraine. Methodology. In the process of writing the article, a systematic approach was used as one of the main methods of scientific research; properties of time series, in particular, the Arima model, for determining forecasts. Arima(p,q)(D,Q) was used to model the forecast dynamics of Russian personnel losses in Ukraine. Forecasting losses of Russian equipment is described by Arima(p,d,q). The results. Based on the data analysis of the time period, from February 24, 2022 to March 7, 2023, a conclusion was made about the possibility of using the properties of time series, in particular, the use of time series forecasting by Arima methods. The following models were built: Arima (1,0,1)(0,1,1) – to forecast Russian personnel losses; Arima (1,0,1) – forecasting Russian equipment losses in Ukraine. The performance of these models was checked for adequacy. Based on the obtained models, the forecast for the next seven days is an increase in russian military losses of personnel with a decrease in losses of equipment units in Ukraine.

The early stage of coordination of Moscow and Beijing Positions on the construction of the Nuclear power plant (1982–1991)

According to the appraisal of the Chinese experts, the “Tianwan” nuclear power station, that has been constructed with the application of the Russian equipment and with the Russian Federation technical support, is the biggest in the world if we take into consideration № 7 and № 8 energy units, that would enter service in 2026 and 2027. The process of positions coordination between the two parties has started already in 1982 and was a very complicated and even dramatic one. We have to point out that, thanks to the leading Russian participants of the Project, we do understand quite well how the Russian position on the project has evolved and how the negotiations with the PRC were executed after the breakdown of the Soviet Union. At the same time, we know almost nothing about the development of this project during the Soviet period. This article is aimed at filling in that blanc space to a certain extent. Our main source was the dairy of the PRC State council premier Li Peng (1928–2019) that was devoted to the PRC nuclear energy development. Other diaries of the Chinese prime – minister, devoted to several specific topics, were also utilized.

Indigenous Complex of Machines for Hay and Straw Harvesting

The basic principles of creating a solid food base in modern conditions and the importance of forage harvesting are considered. An analysis of the effectiveness of the use of modern Russian equipment for harvesting hay and straw in the preparation of fodder is given on the basis of the results of tests of the domestic complex of machines carried out at machine test stations of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia.

Trends in Russian exports and imports of agricultural machinery

The current socio-economic situation in the world precedes the need for accelerated development of agricultural production in Russia. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to actively use new technologies that ensure uninterrupted and high-quality operation of the machine and tractor fleet. The article analyzes the dynamics of Russian imports and exports of agricultural machinery based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, examines the geographical structure of exports and imports of the main types of machinery and tractor fleet, analyzes their quantitative component. Against the background of the revealed trends in Russian exports and imports of agricultural machinery, it is noted that the export of machinery by 2025 should increase by 1.8 times by 2021 and overcome the milestone of 30.2 billion rubles. It is predicted that the share of Russian equipment in almost all major types by 2025 should reach 80% (tractors, combines, tillage equipment, sowing equipment). Other types of equipment must overcome 50%.

Current state and development prospects of domestic equipment for sheep and goat breeding

The article presents an analysis of the machinery equipment of Russian sheep and goat breeding. The absence of Russian-made equipment for the main processes, such as keeping, drinking, distributing feed, and milking sheep and goats, has been revealed. The existing domestic projects for the mechanization of processes in sheep breeding exist in the form of prototypes, however, there are no projects in goat breeding. Therefore, proposals have been formulated to solve the problems of the provision of sheep and goat farms with Russian equipment. The essence of these proposals is the need for state support for the equipment development and production. The engineering and manufacture of process equipment for sheep and goat breeding should be based on the experience of effective use of foreign equipment in the conditions of domestic enterprises.

Assessment of wind power generation impact on the distance protection operation

In the article an experimental power system consisting of Russian equipment, as well as 220 kV power line distance protection, are simulated in the RTDS Simulator. The settings were calculated and the polygonal characteristics of distance protection were constructed. A sequential installation of wind turbines into various nodes of the power system was carried out and the correct operation of the protection was verified. As a result of the study, the impact of wind turbines on the distance protection when they are connected between the protection installation site and the point of the short circuit is revealed. The analysis of this impact is made. Possible ways to solve the identified problems are proposed, such as the use of adaptive distance protection, as well as numerous studies of the behaviour of wind turbines in various operating modes for further analysis and possible adjustment of guidelines for relay protection using new algorithms for calculating and configuring of distance protection. The results of this work can be used to improve and clarify the recommendations for tuning, produced by manufacturers of relay protection devices, which currently do not take into account the impact of wind power generation.

Coal industry development strategy in domestic and foreign markets

Relevance. In the current context, the cost of coal products is growing. Labor productivity in coal mines and open-pit mines is significantly lower than the corresponding indicator in North America and Australia, a significant proportion of unprofitable enterprises, despite the fact that a third of the world’s coal resources and a fifth of the proven reserves are concentrated in the Russian Federation. In these circumstances, the substantiation of the strategic development of the coal industry on the basis of a SWOT analysis is of great importance. Purpose of the study is to substantiate the strategic vision for the development of the coal industry, priorities for the functioning of coal mining enterprises. Research methods are scientific generalization, method of system analysis and analogies. Results. In the course of the study, the possibilities of functioning of coal mining enterprises, threats to the coal industry, strengths and weaknesses of their activities were identified. The ability to function is determined by the presence of huge coal reserves in Russia, the leadership in its production and export, and a significant share of coking coal grades. The identified threats include: a significant decrease in prices on the world market and coal consumption in the domestic market, an increase in the average transportation distance and the risks of introducing environmental restrictions. The weaknesses in the activities of coal mining enterprises, requiring appropriate measures to be taken to liquidate them, come down to the following: increased operating costs, low labor productivity, a significant number of small mines and open-pit mines that hinder the effective development of the industry as a whole. At the same time, the strategy for further development should focus on the strengths of the coal mining enterprises. These include lower capital investments based on conventional fuel, significantly lower than in the oil and gas industry, therefore, during the period of ensuring sustainable development of the economy as a whole, the development of the coal industry will require lower costs, which creates conditions for the development of other related industries, the possibility of introducing an economic mechanism of inter-fuel competition, as well as the effective functioning of the market structure within the “free” oligopoly. Increasing the competitiveness of coal mining enterprises requires the use of accelerated depreciation methods at export-oriented enterprises, the introduction of problem-solving technology at large coal mining enterprises, the establishment of a rational ratio of the used imported and Russian equipment, and the containment of the growth in the cost of railway transport services. The focus on the implementation of the concept of creating a digital industrial enterprise in the industry plays a special role. A number of measures should be taken to improve financial stability. Conclusions. The identified opportunities and threats, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the activities of coal mining enterprises, serve as the basis for substantiating the “Strategy for the development of the coal industry”, determine promising directions for the future of coal mining enterprises.

Towards consistent high quality of engineering products

The low level of competitiveness and the constantly growing requirements of consumers for modern domestic technology indicate an urgent need to improve the quality of technological machinery and equipment produced by engineering. Ensuring a competitive world-class quality of the produced machines and equipment requires innovative development and modernization of the production organizational and technological system of mechanical engineering. Only the association of modern engineering companies is able to unit and direct the efforts of all participants in the process of creating machines towards a stable, continuous improvement in the quality of equipment. Encompassing quality control at all stages of the life cycle of a machine, the company as soon as possible and without any special financial expenses ensures the highest world level of quality of engineering products.The goal of research is to comprehensively improve the quality of Russian-made machinery and equipment to the level of the best world analogues and higher based on the creation of an innovative production and technological system (complex), ensuring the as great as practicable level of quality of equipment at all stages of its life cycle.The results of feasibility studies show, that a non-competitive level of quality of domestic equipment has developed and is maintained, despite the efforts of manufacturers, due to the long-term maintenance of the existing manufacturing system and production relations, requiring urgent and accelerated modernization. The main disadvantage of the existing manufacturing system in mechanical engineering is the isolation and fragmentation of enterprises and institutions working on the creation of machinery and equipment, the incompleteness of the production and technological chain, the lack of engineering and technical support of processes at all stages of the life cycle and, first of all, at the stage of operation of equipment. Therefore, in this article, we consider and propose a complex of priority organizational and technological measures providing the accelerated innovative development of the manufacturing system and improve the quality of Russian equipment above the level of the best world analogues.

The experience of remote temperature-water content sounding of atmosphere during drift of R/V “Akademik Tryoshnikov”

For the first time experience was gained with the operation of Russian equipment for water content and temperature remote sensing of the lower atmosphere in the Arctic. The comparison the results of measurements by radiometric systems with data of radiosoundings in wide range of meteorological conditions had been executed. It is shown that mean difference between integral atmospheric water content, measured by water vapor radiometer WVR, and calculated from radiosoundings data does not exceed 6 % with standard deviation 0.54 kg/m2 and significant correlation coefficient 0,92. Analysis the data of meteorological temperature profiler MTR-5 allows to conclude that in general its adequately reproduce air temperature profiles in the atmospheric lower 1000 m layer. Some deviations take place only in cases of large temperature gradients. Preliminary analysis of WVR data showed that monthly mean value of integral atmospheric water content in area under study in April 2019 year practically coincides with calculated from radiosoundings, performed in 1983—1988 years at the polar station Barentsburg, nearest to the drift region, 3.61 and 3.62 kg/m2 respectively. Same time hourly mean values of integral atmospheric water content during drift varied from 2 to 10 kg/m2, with extreme values recorded between April 15 and April 20, probably due to intensive transport of air masses of the Atlantic origin. Based on MTR-5 data it was concluded that despite differences in sounding technology, the place and time of observations, the statistics of inversions registered during drift correspond well to statistics of inversions, recorded on the Arctic coastal stations and over sea ice cover of the Weddell Sea in winter.

Російсько-українська війна на Донбасі в українському кінематографі

Російська влада не визнає своєї участі у війні на Донбасі. Приховування участі у військових конфліктах — давня російська політична традиція. Радянський Союз, який був модернізованою Росією, не визнавав, що воював у Кореї, В’єтнамі, Анголі, Огадені. Сучасна Росія, яка ввела свої війська на Донбас, на офіційному рівні переконує світову спільноту та росіян, що ця війна — внутрішній громадянський конфлікт України. Хоча в інтернеті доступна вся інформація про те, які російські підрозділи воюють на Донбасі, хто ними керує і звідки йдуть потоки російської техніки, зброї, боєприпасів, солдатів, офіцерів і навіть де ховають убитих російських вояків.Тому фільми про війну на Донбасі допомагають зрозуміти масовій аудиторії, хто насправді воює в Східній Україні. Цій темі присвячена стаття, у якій аналізуються ігрові фільми про російсько-українську війну, яка триває на Донбасі. Зокрема, серіал Олексія Шапарева «Гвардія», фільми Ахтема Сеїтаблаєва «Кіборги. Герої не вмирають», Сергія Лозниці «Донбас», Зази Буадзе «Позивний „Бандерас”», Івана Тимченка «Іловайськ 2014. Батальйон „Донбас”», Валентина Васяновича «Атлантида», Володимира Тихого «Наші котики».У контексті світового кінематографу та особливостей національного характеру подається, як сучасне українське кіно розвиває комедійні традиції фільмів про війну. Показано реакцію на фільми про війну українських глядачів, критиків, російських політиків і державних службовців та нагороди фільмів на кінофестивалях.

РАЗРАБОТКА И АПРОБАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИИ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ПЕСКОВ ДРАЖНОГО ПОЛИГОНА ДЛЯ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЗОЛОТА И ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МИНЕРАЛОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ МАГНИТНЫЕ ЧАСТИЦЫ

The state of mineral resources base of the world and Russia is analyzed. Two variants of the model of Russia’s innovative way of development on the basis of the best available technologies’ introduction (BAT) are considered. The conclusion is made that not only Russian resources, but also Russian technologies, specialists and equipment play an important role in the choice of the model of innovative way of development. The authors’ block-scheme of BAT implementation at a mining enterprise is presented. It consists of four blocks: 1) analytical and research; 2) economic and analytical; 3) implementation project development; 4) obtaining an integrated environmental permit and BAT implementation. Emphasis is made on the fact that new environmental standards are being currently developed for the permissible integrated environmental impact of industrial facilities, which by 01.01.2025 should comply with all mining enterprises in Russia. A specific case of the developed, patented and tested technology of processing sands from the dredge field test side of the Dzharmagatay deposit (Transbaikal region), which includes gravity-magnetic-flocculation-electrical methods of enrichment, combined with cyanide leaching of gold, is considered. The method refers to the best available technology, as it allows to achieve a high level of mineral resources use (integration and rationality), to reduce pollution of atmo-, hydro-, litho- and biosphere by emissions and discharges

Potential Possibilities and Practical Steps for Renewable Energy Development in Russia

The paper discusses the support mechanisms of renewable energy sources (RES) and the progress made in leading countries as well as identifies the primary eco­nomic and social goals of the given process. It is shown that RES development co-benefits with national long-term goals on CO2 emissions in the energy sector and contributes significantly to their achievement. An analysis of Russian activi­ties leads to the conclusion that the country has been undertaking considerable efforts in keeping up in line with the global trend but it has fallen well behind better performing economies in the scale of RES support and manufacturing. A number of disadvantages of the current national system of RES support by 2024 have been identified and followed by proposals of further improvement aimed at ensuring competitiveness of Russian equipment on the domestic market, and later global market. The system of support should be focused on effectiveness of power generation; include support for export contracts; and prioritize large production volumes, thus reducing prices and facilitating localization. Long-term develop­ment prospects of the Russian solar and wind generation have been estimated for the period up to 2040–2045. The RU-TIMES model has been used to calculate the effects for two versions of government support: introduction of a fixed extra charge to the market price of generation (feed-in premium), and subsidies for investments in construction. According to the model estimates, an extra charge of 1.0 ruble/kWh would allow an increase of the total installed capacity of solar and wind power plants by 40 GW within 5–10 years. Their share in electricity genera­tion could be brought up to 20%, and up to 35% by 2040–2045. The same result could be achieved by subsidizing investments at the rate of about 300 USD/kW (considering government spending of less than USD 15 billion, covering 20–25% of capital investments). Each of the support options reduces the total CO2 emis­sions from all types of fossil fuel combustion by 100–150 MtСО2/year.

THERMOPHYSICAL BASES OF PRODUCTION OF EFFECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR GENERAL CRYOTHERAPEUTIC EXPOSURE

Objectives. The equipment for general cryotherapy (WBC) has been used for more than 40 years without a clear understanding of the mechanism of therapeutic action, the technological conditions of patient safety, the nominal cost of energy in cryostation systems. Uncertainty in the fundamental issues of the production and operation of cryotherapy equipment has caused a gradual degradation of the WBC method in countries that have long determined the development of this section of cryomedical technology.Method. In Russia, thanks to the advanced development of the scientific basis of the production and operation of facilities for the WBC, this method is developing dynamically. Exports of cryo-therapeutic equipment are growing. In the foreign literature, the number of publications denying the effects of the WBC is growing. These articles describe research performed on foreign-made equipment, which is significantly inferior to Russian samples. Such publications discredit the WBC method, hamper the export of Russian equipment, and hinder the spread of effective treatment methods in Russia.Result. The results of the analysis of differences in design and technological parameters of domestic and foreign equipment are presented. The technique of numerical analysis and optimization of WBC technology is described. It is shown that the basis of the effectiveness of Russian equipment is rational design solutions and high power supply of cryostatting equipment.Conclusion. The individual technology of the procedures combines high therapeutic efficacy with relatively low energy costs, and also provides the traditional medicine principle of individuality of treatment. Research results should be popularized for the gradual distribution of single-unit installations in all medical facilities.

HPV Types Distribution in General Female Population and in Women Diagnosed with Cervical Cancer Across Western Kazakhstan

Objective:to detect the HPV types distribution both in general female population and in women with first diagnosed cervical cancer, including viral load in both groups. Methods:Qualitative detection and quantification of HPV was performed by PCR-Real time method based on the Russian equipment and test systems (“DNA-Technology” LLC, Russia). The DNA of low-risk (HPV 6, 11, 44) and possibly / potentially / high carcinogenic risk (HPV 16, 18, 26, 31, 33 , 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82), a total of 21 types, were detected. Results:During the period of 2014-2017 total 1,166 clinically healthy women were tested for HPV, as well as 73 women diagnosed with CaCx. Overall prevalence of HPV in female population was determined as 25.0% (95% CI 22.3;27.7, p = 0.05). Top-5 leading HPV types: 16 (26.4%); 31 (10.1%); 51 (9.4%); 52 (9.0%); 6 (7.9%). Average viral load was 5.5±3.8 (CI 95% 5.1;5.9). In women diagnosed with CaCx ranking was as follows – 16 (54.1%), 31 (11.2%), 18 / 58 (5.1% each), 33 / 45 (4.1% each). Type 16 appeared to be one of the most significant risk factors of the CaCx development (p=0.00007, phi 0.35, Pierson’s X 2 15.9). Average viral load in patients with CaCx was 6.9±4.0 (95% CI 6.1;7.7). A reliable relationship between the cancer staging and the viral load was found (p = 0.043, n = 73). Domination of type 16 calls for urgent need the transition to HPV primary screening and resumption of immunization program discontinued in 2014. The study is registered in ISRCTN registry, No. ISRCTN71514910 (01.02.2018).