Russian Economy Research Articles

Классические методы оценки государственного противодействия экономическим преступлениям в России

The article examines the scale of the shadow economy in Russia, the experience of counteraction and the impact on the economy and economic security of the country. Undoubtedly, one of the main tasks of the Russian Federation is to increase attention to the shadow sector of the economy, to analyze the measures taken to counteract growth and reduce its scale. The State should approach this issue competently, take into account various factors and maintain a balance between the possible benefits and potential harm from making certain decisions.

Russian journals on political science through the prism of bibliometric indicators

The article analyzes changes in bibliometric tools for assessing the activities of scientific journals and their role in maintaining and developing scientific communication in modern Russia using the example of political science journals, taking into account the political and scientific information context, as well as the specifics of the scientific discipline. The authors assess the impact of the new Science Index RINTS configuration on the structure of the rating of publications on political topics, and also consider the significance of other bibliometric indicators and expert assessments that are not included in the index. This issue is studied in the problematic field of changes in the external context of Russian science from the point of view of the concept of adaptation of science as a system to the conditions of the external environment, taking into account its relative autonomy. The article shows that changes in the Science Index generally show a tendency to preserve the internal autonomy of science. These changes were based on the motives of ensuring in the structure of the index the assessment of the qualitative level of scientific publications and the focus on taking into account their professionalism. The authors trace the general trend according to which the leading positions in the rating are occupied by the most famous professional journals associated with the institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the leading universities of the country. At the same time, the authors also draw attention to some controversial effects of the new version of the index, in particular, the underestimation of indicators indicating the “openness” of the journal to different authors and publications (the so-called “encapsulation” effects), as well as a number of other informative indicators available in the RSCI system. A conclusion is made about the strengths and weaknesses of the structural features of the index, as well as some specific features of the subject classification from the point of view of the tasks of adequately assessing the activities of scientific journals in political science and strengthening professional standards within the discipline.

Historic Peculiarity of Russian Modernization Processes

The article tries to restore interest in the concept of economy morphology in academic community that was put forward at the Faculty of Economics in the Moscow University in 2004. It was a scientific hypothesis explaining evolutional features of transformations by analyzing internal structural changes. The authors use the term ‘economy morphology’ that gives an opportunity to specify the development of Russian economy both within the period being investigated and the current one. Comparative analysis of economic evolution styles in Europe-Asia economy systems from ancient times to the early 20th century allows us to advance an assumption about multi-variability of development demonstrated and proved in economic morphemes. Conceptual description of economic forms present in Russia was provided by examples given in the Domostroy and in works by I.V. Pososhkov and V.N. Tatischev, the founders of the Russian school of economics. The authors pay special attention to dubious foundation forming Russian economy morphology and affecting all stages of modernization processes in Russia. The importance of spirituality is highlighted that provides internal stability to any economic modification. It was underlined that this approach gives a chance to substantiate historic peculiarity of the Russian economic system that became evident in the process of modernization restructuring in the 19th – early 20th century. The authors came to the conclusion that morpheme approach is necessary to understand both the previous way of development and the current standing of Russian economy, prospects of its progress in conditions of global transformation of economic relations.

The Foil-Made (Folezh) Rizas Originated From Bryansk: to the Material Turn in Modern Russian Religious Studies

The Foil-Made (Folezh) Rizas Originated From Bryansk: to the Material Turn in Modern Russian Religious Studies

Культурная революция в первые годы советской власти и ее отражение в языковом сознании

The article is devoted to various aspects of the culture of the post-revolutionary period. The authors analyze the significant transformations that occurred in the cultural tradition of that time and examine the facets of human life that were fundamentally shaped by the new culture of the post-revolutionary period. The relevance of this study is due to the importance of cultural policy in modern Russia. In this regard, the experiences of cultural construction during the early years of Soviet power hold considerable significance and merit thorough exami-nation. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that, for the first time, the authors trace the connec-tion between the cultural policy of the Bolsheviks and the linguistic norms that emerged during the post-revolutionary period. Furthermore, they analyze the interrelation of language, culture, and the political events of that time. The authors identify the causes and origins of the formation of cultural policy while considering its essential features. They investigate its impact on the society of the historical period in question, as well as on the lifestyles of the broadest masses of the populace. In this regard, the authors scrutinize how the introduction of a new system of values and social orientations led to the dismantling of prior cultural traditions and the es-tablishment of new ones. This transformation was particularly evident in public consciousness and the linguistic sphere of societal existence.

Реформа местного самоуправления: некоторые возможности и ограничения

Modern Russia is on the brink of a new municipal reform, against the backdrop of the proposed Federal Law “On General Principles of Local Self-Government Organization in a Unified System of Public Authority” (Draft Law No. 40361-8), which aims to replace the existing Federal Law No. 131 of October 6, 2003, “On General Principles of Local Self-Government Organization in the Russian Federation”. At the same time, this initiative was perceived quite ambiguously by the expert community. The most significant contention arises from the transition to a one-tier system of local self-governance, particularly due to the insufficient understanding of the organizational mechanisms necessary for its implementation. Consequently, the reforms of local self-governance, which involve the transformation of municipal districts into municipal entities, necessitate greater clarity, transparency, and justification of the effectiveness of this transformation. It is imperative to arrange a unified system of public authority in such a manner that decisions made within its framework are judicious, well-founded, and do not raise doubts regarding their potential impact. The reform of local self-governance should be conducted based on a comprehensive investigation of all possible alternatives and the search for balanced solutions. The problems and prospects associated with this reform merit further attention and analy-sis, as they hold significant implications for the governance landscape in Russia.

РОССИЙСКАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ ПОСТАВОК ЗЕРНА НА МИРОВОЙ РЫНОК

The article is devoted to the strategy of Russian wheat production and export. It is aimed at conducting an economic analysis of the world grain market in 2022-2023. Problem areas of grain market development are identified and proposals for scenarios for the development of events on the world market are formed. The work establishes that the deterioration of the situation on the world market, in particular, with the supply of wheat and sunflower oil, largely depends on the protracted political conflict provoked by the policy of the Ukrainian leadership. It has been established that sanctions by Western countries and the policy of trade restrictions against the Russian economy will lead to a shortage of food, energy resources, an increase in prices by 10-30% and a drop in welfare by 15-25% in most countries dependent on food exports. Three strategic scenarios for the development of events are proposed: minor, medium and serious, taking into account how the continuation of the conflict situation between the countries could affect grain harvests and fluctuations in wheat export supplies to the world market, as well as disruptions in the world trade system, which is a negative trend for modern world food security.

Тенденции развития зерновой отрасли Свердловской области в условиях внешнеэкономических ограничений

The modern Russian economy is influenced by foreign economic restrictions from "unfriendly" countries. These restrictions, of course, can have an impact on the development of the national economy of the country, an important part of which is the agricultural sector of the economy. In the presented scientific work, the aim is to assess the state of the grain industry and trends in its development under the conditions of sanctions pressure. The information base for the study was data from the analysis of the production and financial activities of agricultural organizations in the Sverdlovsk region for 2019-2023, as well as analytical data from Rosstat for the Sverdlovsk region. During the analyzed period, the harvesting area of grain decreased by 1.4% from 317.5 to 313.1 thousand hectares, grain yield decreased by 6.3%. Gross grain production decreased by 7.4% in five years, amounting to 655.8 thousand tons in 2023. In 2023, compared with 2019, the labor intensity of products did not change, amounting to 0.49 people/hour per 1 hundredweight of products. At the same time, there is a significant increase in the production cost of a unit of production by 45.4%. The profitability of grain has significantly decreased from 24.7 to 0.1%. At the same time, there is an increase in grain sales by 12.2% and an increase in the level of marketability from 30.6 to 37.1%. The availability of agricultural machinery remains at a high level. In 2023, compared to 2019, the number of tractors per 1,000 hectares of crops decreased by 1.4%, grain harvesters by 5.4%, and forage harvesters by 10.7%. The data on the availability of agricultural machinery indicate that crop production in the region is developing with the use of intensive advanced technologies. Based on the analysis, an assessment of the impact of foreign economic restrictions on the development of the grain industry in the region is given, using qualitative criteria. The assessment of the impact of foreign economic restrictions on the grain industry is weak. Effective recommendations are proposed to avoid the negative impact of foreign economic restrictions on grain production.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫХ ОСНОВ ПОЛИТИКИ ВЫРАВНИВАНИЯ РЕГИОНОВ

This paper compares the key ideas of regional policy for leveling regions based on various paradigms of its development. The concepts based on various approaches to regional development are considered. When forming regional policy in Russia, it is important to take into account the vast size of the country, cultural characteristics and traditions of the population, as well as the specifics of everyday life in different regions. For further effective functioning of the Russian economy, it is necessary to create a special classifier of theoretical systems that would be based on the individual characteristics of the regions. An analysis of the characteristics of the economic crisis through the prism of regional development leads to the conclusion about the need to distribute the powers of government bodies (both federal and local) in the structure of regional development management. Currently, the issue of carrying out structural reforms is one of the key aspects of the country's socio-economic development. The solution to this issue is actively discussed by government bodies and scientists. To stabilize the current situation in the domestic markets of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to formulate a strategy that would focus on building special characteristics of the regions

Возможности эвфемистической интерпретации в юмористическом ключе языковой единицы в русском институциональном дискурсе

The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of actualization of mechanisms of variable interpretation of reality in modern Russian institutional discourse, which allows interpreting the situation as containing euphemization or euphemism, and therefore generating an unintended comic effect. The article examines the mechanisms and techniques of variable interpretation of reality, actualized by unintentional communicative deviation in direct and indirect communication. The types of alternative interpretation of reality and their frequency are identified and defined. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time, based on the material of the Russian language, it describes and systematizes the mechanism of euphemistic interpretation in institutional discourse in case of communicative failure or failure that generates a comic effect. As a result of the study, it was established which parameters of the utterance producer are responsible for these communicative failures, how gender opposition affects the above-mentioned communicative situations, and what are the characteristics of the addressee of institutional discourse. It is determined that such an interpretation is presented mainly in the implication of euphemisms-tabooisms, in thematic groups of sexual relations, taboo names of human organs and physiological processes, the theme of death.

Сравнительная характеристика репрезентации концепта ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ в начале ХХI века в песенном и поэтическом дискурсах

The purpose of the study is to identify the discursive characteristics of the conceptualization of the concept TRAVEL in song and poetic texts. The article presents the structure of the concept TRAVEL using the example of modern Russian author's texts related to song and poetic discourses. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the study, based on the material of songs and poems from 2000-2021, cognitive features, definitions of travel, and subconcepts included in the concept TRAVEL are highlighted. As a result of the research, the features of the song and poetic discourses of the early 21st century have been established. The texts of the song discourse are characterized by cognitive signs: the confusion of the path, the inevitability of the path, the aimlessness of the path, longing, hope, freedom, self-search, etc.; definitions: lifestyle, metaphor of life, tourism, return, danger, dream, love, self-search, rock. In the texts of poetic discourse, cognitive signs are distinguished, they are changes within a person, the infinity of the path, danger, peace, freedom, etc., and definitions: life itself, tourism, freedom, metaphor of life, lifestyle, healing, uncomfortable environment. There is a difference in the representation of subconcepts (ROAD, MOUNTAINS, CITY, HOME, HOMELAND, ABROAD, etc.) in two types of discourse. A generalized model of perception of the concept TRAVEL for song and poetic discourses is being created.

Integrated learning technology as a means of forming the general cultural competence of students

The methodological basis of modern teaching is integration, which makes it possible to show students the «world as a whole», overcoming the differentiation of scientific knowledge by disciplines. The purpose of this article is to define the essence of the concept of a binary lesson, to consider its forms, to define the goals and objectives of binary lessons, to find out the reasons for the need for such lessons, and also what are the features in their preparation, organization and conduct. The authors show the features of the organization, development and preparation of a modern integrated lesson. It is shown that integrated lessons can be conducted at several levels: binary (simultaneous learning), conceptual and informational (coordination of information by teachers of different disciplines and conducting lessons separately) and remote (network). It is emphasized that an integrated lesson is not a simple addition, but an interpenetration of two or more disciplines, with the specifics of the educational material studied on it. Most often, the subject of analysis within the framework of integrated lessons are multidimensional objects, information about the essence of which is contained in various academic disciplines. The teacher needs to be able to find common ground between subjects and carefully select the content of the lesson material. The article also presents practical experience of conducting integrated lessons in Russian literature and music. As a result of the research, certain conclusions were drawn that an integrated lesson in a modern Russian school is a special type of lesson that combines teaching in several disciplines simultaneously while studying a single concept, topic or phenomenon.

Digitalization of the Russian Economy: Problems and Solutions

Digitalization of the Russian Economy: Problems and Solutions

Models of technological development: The influence of investment structure

The problem of refining Russia’s model of economic development through achieving the technological sovereignty dictates the need for making strategic decisions within the investment policy of economic growth. The paper aims to determine the models of technological modernisation according to the structure of investments in “old – new” technologies and develop an algorithm for identifying these models by assessing the relationship between investment and risk. Methodologically, the study rests on the theory of technological change. The paper employs elements of structural, statistical, regression and econometric analysis, as well as applies taxonomy methods to pinpoint various options for investment and technological modernisation models. T he evidence is the data on the investment in fixed assets and expenditures on tech nological innovations for 2010–2022 coming from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The result is the identification of a model of technological modernisation in the Russian economy according to the structure of investments in “old – new” technologies and the sensitivity of the general technological intensity to investments. The paper distinguishes four general strategies of technological devel opment by the impact of expenditures on the dynamics of technological intensity, namely “leadership”, “breakthrough”, “giving up”, and “degradation”. Then, accord ing to the impact of investment in new technologies on technological modernisation it justifies the models “blockage”, “rigidity”, “modernisation”, “saturation”, and, in a similar manner, validates the models “degradation”, “backwardness”, “reliance on old technologies”, “reliance on new technologies” according to the impact of investment in old technologies on technological modernisation. The paper constructs a theoreti cal model of the connection between investment and risk, institutional parameters of investment process. The findings reveal that the Russian economy follows the model of backwardness with local technological innovations, which requires a massive in crease in investment in new technologies, mitigation of risks, and modification of institutional conditions.

Potential of credit organizations in modern Russia

Subject. The article investigates the potential of credit institutions. Objectives. The aim is to determine the potential of credit institutions in modern Russia. Methods. The study draws on general scientific methods, i.e. data analysis and synthesis, and special economic and mathematical methods, in particular, correlation and regression, neural network, and cluster analysis. Results. The potential of credit institutions in modern Russia is determined by the actions of the Bank of Russia to target inflation. The paper established a significant increase in the strength of credit institutions due to the growth of customer funds. Liquidity issues are addressed through advance excess of intraday loans provided by the Bank of Russia for the current month, capital in the balance sheet of credit institutions at the beginning of each month. To reduce the risk of monetary claims, the paper shows the actions of the Bank of Russia to ensure the transition of these relations to digital rights. Conclusions. The identified potential of credit institutions in modern Russia, characterized by an increase in their strength due to the growth of customer funds and intraday loans provided by the Bank of Russia, in the context of the transition of monetary claims to digital financial assets and utility digital rights, enable the expert community to competently determine the critical balance of credit institutions and the overall financial system.

Investment policy in the strategizing of regional development in the neo-industrial economy

Subject. The article addresses investment policy in regional strategic planning in the context of the neo-industrial economy. Objectives. The purpose is to examine the processes of investment policy formation within strategic planning of regional development in the era of neo-industrial development. Methods. The study employs the systems, institutional, methodological approaches, as well as logical, dialectical methods, and comparative analysis. Results. We established characteristics of emerging paradigm of neo-industrial development in the Russian economy. The paper proves that the strategies of socio-economic development of regions should take into account the existing paradigm of neo-industrial development. Investment policy should be one of the most important components in the implementation of the concept of neo-industrial development of Russia and its regions. Conclusions. In the context of neo-industrial development, fundamental changes are needed in the management of regional development. Strategic planning and management of regional development require adjustments to current trends in global development, changing environmental conditions, including those in neo-industrial development. Strategic planning and strategic management must be considered in close relationship with investment policy, which is confirmed by global trends in its formation. Investment policy contributes to the implementation of the set directions in regional strategizing.

Development of Career Centers of Russian Universities: Challenges and Opportunities

Placement training of students for employment is a serious challenge for modern Russian universities. University graduates are faced with solving the problem of employment in the face of continuous transformation of the labor market. As a result, the issue of training highly professional specialists capable of adapting to the dynamically changing requirements of employers and willing to build a successful career throughout their lives is on the agenda. As the university practice of career centers shows, the job search assistance and employment support is usually carried out within its framework. Meanwhile, the issue of training students for career development should become a key one in the philosophy of university education. In modern conditions, universities are designed to prepare a student who is potentially capable of acting independently to develop his career to meet the challenges of the labor market and his own vision of an individual educational trajectory and professional interests. Thus, university training programs for specialists in a context of ever-changing technologies in the professional sphere need to be adjusted accordingly. It assumes restructuring the system of relations between all the subjects of the educational process, when it is necessary to take into account the importance of readiness for employability and building a career of a university graduate and his life self-determination. Despite the importance of the employability problem and career development readiness to achieve the sustainable development of the Russian economy, this topic has been little studied by domestic scientists. At the same time, Russia's higher education development agenda began to see the problem of graduate employment as a special one especially during the pandemic. In particular, the topic on developing career centers of universities has gained momentum in the large-scale program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation on the development of Russian universities Priority-2030. Thus, this study will be useful to the stakeholders of systemic changes in processes related to building employment conditions for students and graduates. Also, this study can contribute to analytical basis development for the expansion of career centers of Russian universities.

NON-CASH SETTLEMENTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

The paper analyzes the state of the modern market of non-cash settlements of legal entities and individuals in the conditions of digital transformation of the banking sector of the economy of the Russian Federation. The concepts of credit card market development in our country have been studied. The problems of development of non-cash settlements at the current stage are defined. This process of introduction and use of credit cards is subject to transformation. The ways of its further development in the medium term are outlined. Integration into the work of banks digital tools that automate and simplify both for corporations and private households the bulk of financial transactions, which allows to buy most of the risks. The research was based on the analysis of statistical data on the dynamics of non-cash payments (from systemically important banks and various publishers), credit card transactions and the use of digital technologies in the banking industry. The methods of comparative analysis, forecasting and generalization were applied to assess current trends and development prospects. The results show that digital transformation is contributing to a significant increase in non-cash settlements, active adoption of digital banking instruments and increased automation. However, the not-so-strong increase in usage of financial leverage remains an ongoing challenge. The discussion may focus on the need to strengthen banks’ technological infrastructure, which is already advanced, to increase financial inclusion and further simplify processes for end users. Mediumterm prospects include active implementation of innovative solutions, minimization of associated risks and expansion of accessibility of financial services.

Legal Policy of Modern Russia in the Sphere of Patriotic Upbringing: Content and Key Prioritie

Introduction. One of the significant features of the mechanism of legal regulation in the 21st century is the inclusion of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, one of which is patriotism, in the object field of legal regulation. Despite the very convincing grounds for this, the state, and, consequently, legal strategy in the sphere of preserving and strengthening traditional spiritual and moral values and patriotic upbringing, in particular, needs both conceptualization and systematization.Materials and methods. The presented study used both general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition of the legal life of modern Russian society, among which we can highlight dialectical, structural-functional, systemic, formal-dogmatic, legal modeling, etc.The results of the study. The paper offers the author's vision of the essence and content of legal policy in the sphere of patriotic upbringing, demonstrates its significant potential in creating an effective mechanism for legal regulation of relations related to the formation of love and respect for the Motherland, a sense of loyalty to it, readiness to protect its interests and contribute to the strengthening and prosperity of the state. The key priorities of legal policy in the sphere of patriotic upbringing are formulated taking into account the challenges and threats that are relevant to Russia.Discussion and conclusion. The study substantiates the position that legal policy, being a strategic, systemic, multi-subject and scientifically substantiated activity in the field of law, allows not only to unite the efforts of both public authorities and civil society institutions in the creation and implementation of conditions for patriotic upbringing, but also to integrate into a single, comprehensive legal strategy law-making, law-implementation, law-interpretation, educational and other activities in the field of patriotic upbringing due to the fact that these areas of activity act as forms of implementation of the legal policy itself.

Russia, China and the USA: perception of effects in the corporate bond market

Purpose: is to identify the dynamics of mutual influences and risks in the corporate bond markets of Russia, China, and the United States under conditions of external environmental instability.Methods: the methods of comparative and econometric analysis of daily data from 2016 to 2024 were used, including the average yields of short- and medium-term corporate and the government bonds of the Russian Federation, China and the United States, selling prices of gold, oil, exchange rates, refinancing rates. GARCH models for forecasting the volatility of the index of corporate bonds of the Russian Federation and China under the influence of internal and external factors, multidimensional quantile regression for industries of the Russian Federation are calculated.Results: six stages of changes in the dynamics of the corporate bond debt market under the influence of the market itself and external factors were highlighted. Periodization made it possible to study the impact of short-term and long-term effects of shocks on the debt market. For the Russian Federation, the volatility weight of the previous period is more than twice the weight of the long-term average volatility. For China, this ratio is even higher. The debt market of the Russian Federation is influenced by the debt markets of China and the United States, but the opposite has not been proven. Three groups of branches of the Russian economy have been formed according to the generality of reaction to external influences.Conclusions and Relevance: during crisis periods, the weight of long-term average market volatility and local factors increases, while that of external factors decreases. Understanding the interactions of internal and external factors allows investors to anticipate market fluctuations, adapt and protect capital. For the Government, this provides an opportunity to develop scientifically sound risk forecasts and use new financial instruments such as yuan bonds.