Тенденции развития зерновой отрасли Свердловской области в условиях внешнеэкономических ограничений

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The modern Russian economy is influenced by foreign economic restrictions from "unfriendly" countries. These restrictions, of course, can have an impact on the development of the national economy of the country, an important part of which is the agricultural sector of the economy. In the presented scientific work, the aim is to assess the state of the grain industry and trends in its development under the conditions of sanctions pressure. The information base for the study was data from the analysis of the production and financial activities of agricultural organizations in the Sverdlovsk region for 2019-2023, as well as analytical data from Rosstat for the Sverdlovsk region. During the analyzed period, the harvesting area of grain decreased by 1.4% from 317.5 to 313.1 thousand hectares, grain yield decreased by 6.3%. Gross grain production decreased by 7.4% in five years, amounting to 655.8 thousand tons in 2023. In 2023, compared with 2019, the labor intensity of products did not change, amounting to 0.49 people/hour per 1 hundredweight of products. At the same time, there is a significant increase in the production cost of a unit of production by 45.4%. The profitability of grain has significantly decreased from 24.7 to 0.1%. At the same time, there is an increase in grain sales by 12.2% and an increase in the level of marketability from 30.6 to 37.1%. The availability of agricultural machinery remains at a high level. In 2023, compared to 2019, the number of tractors per 1,000 hectares of crops decreased by 1.4%, grain harvesters by 5.4%, and forage harvesters by 10.7%. The data on the availability of agricultural machinery indicate that crop production in the region is developing with the use of intensive advanced technologies. Based on the analysis, an assessment of the impact of foreign economic restrictions on the development of the grain industry in the region is given, using qualitative criteria. The assessment of the impact of foreign economic restrictions on the grain industry is weak. Effective recommendations are proposed to avoid the negative impact of foreign economic restrictions on grain production.