Russian Aviation Research Articles

Russian Aviation Industry as a Driver of Innovative Economic Development

In the current context, innovation development is particularly relevant. Russia is an outsider in the global market of high-technology products, but the government is taking active steps to develop an innovative economy. The article provides a brief description of the theory of innovation and assesses the position of Russia among other countries at the current stage of innovative development. The paper emphasizes the importance of the government in building a national system of innovation and the need for the companies in this business field to be proactive. The importance for the Russian economy to find its own way of innovation development is emphasized. Aircraft industry which creates sophisticated, science-intensive products is reviewed as an example of the most promising in this aspect of the industry. The authors substantiate the choice of the Internet of Things technology as a base for the development of innovations in the industry, considering it to be a key phenomenon in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and propose a universal algorithm for the use of this technology at the company level. The article provides examples of the introduction of the Internet of Things in the global aviation industry and the ways of applying them in Russia.

Ключевые факторы, влияющие на падение производительности труда, как следствие – выпуск некачественной продукции на предприятии авиакосмической промышленности

The key factors having an impact on decline in production of work and falling of level of quality of products in the aerospace industry are considered in the article. The analysis of dynamics of development of the aerospace industry is carried out, the statistical data characterizing position of the Russian aviation industry on the world scene are provided. Loudspeakers of the index of labor productivity are analyzed, its influence on quality of products of the industry is estimated. Interrelations are revealed and proved, the tendency to improvement of the situation in the industry is planned.

Fundamental and Applied Problems of Mechanics - 2017

PREFACEIn October 24-27, 2017 Bauman Moscow State Technical University held the International Conference “Fundamental and Applied Problems of Mechanics” dedicated to the 170th anniversary of the birth of the great Russian scientist Nikolay Egorovich Zhukovsky. The primary goal of this conference is to present new research results in various branches of mechanics, carried out by Russian and international scientific and educational institutions. The anniversary of N.E. Zhukovsky suggests focusing in particular on the studies that evolve and elaborate on his scientific and teaching-oriented investigations, updating them for the world of today. The conference was attended by Dr. Christian Bizouard (Director of IERS Earth Orientation Centre, Observatoire de Paris), Prof. Dr. Shuanggen Jin (Head of Satellite Navigation and Remote Sensing Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Prof. V.V. Sadovnichii (Member of RAS, Rector of Lomonosov Moscow State University) and other famous scientists. The scientists showed their great potential in studying various problems in numerous fields of science and technology, as well as applying new approaches, which develop and improve methods of mechanics.Nikolay Egorovich Zhukovsky is the great Russian scientist, founder of applied aerodynamics, “father of the Russian aviation”, creator of TsAGI, the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, founder of Theoretical Mechanics Department, Professor of the Imperial Moscow Technical School and Moscow University.Professor N.E. Zhukovsky’s scientific work initiated a new era in development of mechanical science and technology. N.E. Zhukovsky is not only responsible for a large number of important discoveries in mechanics, but he is also a scientist who dramatically changed the role of science in engineering. One of his biggest achievements is that he was able to combine the most subtle theoretical research with experience and direct all the power of these methods to study physical and technical phenomena, to solve major engineering problems. N.E. Zhukovsky realized and showed that mechanics can develop further, only being constantly enriched by experimental data, as it was in the days of Galileo, and in such a combination it will become an instrument of unprecedented strength for studying the phenomena of nature, for the advance of technology. All future and present day scientists, engineers, and researchers should know Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky’s prophetic words, which he said in 1898 at the Tenth Congress of the Russian Naturalists: “A man … will fly, not leaning on the strength of his muscles, but on strength of their reason”.

Vlad Strukov and Helena Goscilo (eds.):Russian Aviation, Space Flight, and Visual Culture

Alexander Schwarz' review of Vlad Strukov and Helena Goscilo's edited book Russian Aviation, Space Flight, and Visual Culture

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОЕКТА «SUKHOI SUPERJET 100»

Now the Russian aviation industry faces the task of increasing the export of civilian production, however Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft is the only Russian product of the civil aviation sector, being exported on international market. This project has many unsolved problems, one of which is the level of after-sales services. Investments in the development of the aircraft have not been paid off yet, and the enterprise that produces it is still unprofitable.

PRC’S MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX UNDER XI JINPING

The article is dedicated to the achievements and problems of the Chinese military-industrial complex and its role in the economy building during the Xi Jinping` s term (2012–2017). The evolution of the problem is particularly interesting in the context of the realization of the National Security modernization Program of China 2050. The author provides a description of the current state of military-industrial complex fields. Chinese atomic industry has been growing rapidly during the last years. There are significant achievements in the field of the rocket and space industry. Aviation industry, and in particular the aviation engine construction, has been traditionally considered as underdeveloped in comparison with the American, Western European and Russian aviation. In this sense, the Chinese government endeavors to improve the situation. Microelectronics, which has also been rather underdeveloped, is expected to obtain a new quality. The shipbuilding industry in China nowadays gives positive examples of design and building heavy-tonnage vessels, such as nuclear-powered submarines. Apart from the military and technological achievements, many efforts are put in order to reduce the level of the Chinese dependence on the import of foreign technologies. The author stresses the significance of the military industry conversion practices, which used to be one of the main driving forces of the China`s economic growth in 1980–1990s. The so-called military civil integration is one of the most effective strategies aimed at overcoming the technological backwardness of the military- industrial complex. It contributes to the technological growth in the fields of security due to the practices of redirection the civil technologies into the military field. Such an approach allows China to avoid the Western military embargo.

Study and Build-Up of Deformation Zone at Cutting of Thin-Walled Tube by Torsion

Intensive development of Russian aviation and aerospace industries put an emphasis to the problem of quality of using materials and workpieces and to the value of technical and economical indexes in the context of planned production level [1, 2]. Waste-free technologies are preferred. Cutting by torsion or cutting by shear are preferable technologies if thin-walled tube cutting is the main blanking operation. Build-up of workpiece deformation zone plays an important role in the cutting process. Deformation zone determines stability of details during further processing and exploitation. An extended research was conducted about tube separation process using torsion with an active counterpressure. Some parameters was defined in the result of research, in particular: distribution of deformation zone along length and thickness of workpiece, angular deflection and compression force and workpiece heating temperature impact on build-up of whisker disposition in the cut zone. It allows identifying optimum compression force range and temperature conditions. Compliance with recommended practices allows conducting thin-walled tube separation simultaneously with build-up on the workpieces whisker structure that is fortunate for further pressure treatment and exploitation.

The Russian Aviation in the First World War: the Features of Artillery Fire Correction

The Russian Aviation in the First World War: the Features of Artillery Fire Correction

FLIGHT SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS AND EVALUATION OF FLIGHT SAFETY LEVEL OF AN AVIATION ENTERPRISE

This article is devoted to studying the problem of safety management system (SMS) and evaluating safety level of an aviation enterprise. This article discusses the problems of SMS, presented at the 41st meeting of the Russian Aviation Production Commanders Club in June 2014 in St. Petersburg in connection with the verification of the status of the CA of the Russian Federation by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in the same year, a set of urgent measures to eliminate the deficiencies identified in the current safety management system by participants of this meeting were proposed. In addition, the problems of evaluating flight safety level based on operation data of an aviation enterprise were analyzed. This analysis made it possible to take into account the problems listed in this article as a tool for a comprehensive study of SMS parameters and allows to analyze the quantitative indicators of the flights safety level. The concepts of Acceptable Safety Level (ASL) indicators are interpreted differently depending on the available/applicable methods of their evaluation and how to implement them in SMS. However, the indicators for assessing ASL under operational condition at the aviation enterprise should become universal. Currently, defined safety levels and safety indicators are not yet established functionally and often with distorted underrepresented models describing their contextual contents, as well as ways of integrating them into SMS aviation enterprise. The results obtained can be used for better implementation of SMS and solving problems determining the aviation enterprise technical level of flight safety.

Assessment of Russian aviation development for long-term prospects with the regard for Arctic developing: reproductive and technological aspects

The article considers the conditions of developing the aviation industry for long-term prospects taking into account factors such as changes in purchasing aviation equipment, progress in developing the Russian aviation market, and works for reconstructing and modernizing transport infrastructure in the Russian Arctic. The author aims to coordinate the Government programs for developing new aviation equipment and equipment for air transport via the program of Arctic Exploration and Development, as it is necessary to integrate various cycle flows with regard to high-tech capital.

STAB IN THE BACK - THAT’S OUR WAY

STAB IN THE BACK - THAT’S OUR WAY

THE USE OF OPERATIONAL MULTI-PILOT LIMITATION (OML) RULE IN MEDICAL CERTIFICATION OF CIVIL PILOTS-WITH CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGIES.

In January 2015, the Russian aviation medical certification boards adopted the rule of medical certification with OML. The review analyzes the first hands-on experience in medical certification with limitations (OML) of pilots with cardiovascular pathologies in compliance with the guidelines of the International Civil Aviation Organization, European requirements, and overviews the Russian practices of pilots' medical certification.

CSR in the Russian aviation industry: the winds of change

Purpose – The article outlines strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) ongoing progress in the aviation industry in Russia as well as its results. Design/methodology/approach – The paper pinpoints some CSR techniques as a response to the drastic changes of the aviation business environment in Russia. The cases are related to four specific Russian airlines. Findings – The revealed paradox reads that passengers choose the cheapest, but the safest company, care for aviation effects on environment and spread all the failure stories faster with social media and networks. CSR in aviation seems to be the improvement driver ensuring stable passenger traffic if applied right. On the other hand, the irresponsible behaviour might cost too expensive in the long run. Practical implications – The paper illustrates some cases on the example of the Russian civic aviation CSR, which uncovers do’s and don’ts in applying CSR techniques in the industry. Originality/value – This article suggests how shared value-based strategic responsibility can become powerful risk-management tool for the progressive airlines.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MANAGEMENT TASK OF PROVIDING QUALIFIED HUMAN RESOURCES TO RUSSIAN AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BY THE UNIVERSITIES

The paper describes the organizational and economic mechanism for providing the qualified human resources to the enterprises of Russian Aviation Industrial Complex by the universities. The author focuses on forming a system of general assumptions, choosing the management object, the subject area, the operating parties, and the subject of control; forming the objectives of the operating parties; choosing the management purposes, a set of management actions, the external impacts on the management object except for the management actions; identifying inadmissible conditions of the control object and inadmissible administrative impacts on the control object. In terms of content the management task of providing qualified human resources to Russian aircraft industrial enterprises is to identify and justify the need to improve the human resource capacity of an entity so as to ensure maximum achievement of the set management objectives in the presence of external influences that do not result in an unacceptable state of the management object and do not exceed the allowable area of management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-5-7

A way to secure operational safety for an aircraft structure according to a strength criterion

Fatigue and survivability requirements for transport aircraft structures formulated in the US Federal Aviation Regulations FAR 25.571, Advisory Circular AC 20-107B and in the Russian Aviation Regulations AR 25.571 are analyzed. Information on the lifetime of foreign and Russian aircraft, those new and those operating for a long time, is presented. Strength, fatigue and crack growth resistances of foreign and Russian improved aluminum alloys are compared. Ways for applying composite materials in the structure of foreign and Russian aircraft are illustrated. It is shown that aluminum and composite materials fail in different ways.

Russian Aviation Business: Critical Areas For Benchmarking

Russian aviation business has faced a challenge. There are only two ways to proceed - either to change quickly and effectively or stay and slowly loose positions. Best practices of production systems creation from 3 world famous production companies were analyzed in order to come to the result, which is a basic fundament for production system. Fundament consists of four major columns living under major ideologies: first, supply chain management, production and internal logistics processes with supplier-customer ideology, second, human resources management process with deployed function of personnel development, third, quality management process serving and steering the production process and forth, management structure adjusted according to the process value-based approach.

Operation survivability of civil aircraft

The fulfillment of the standard requirements for fatigue and damage tolerance of aircraft structures is the basis for ensuring their safe operation. The paper analyzes the rules formulated in the U.S. FAA Standards and Recommendation Circulars, Soviet Airworthiness Standards, and Russian Aviation Rules. The main requirements for ensuring the damage safety, damage tolerance, and preventing widespread fatigue damages in operating aircraft structures are stated. The results of studying the multiple site damages of full-scale aircraft structures are presented. The principle of the staged increase in the service life limit of Russian aircraft is considered. The rules of Russia are noted to be harmonized with the rules of the United States and Europe. The values of design service lives, scales of fatigue tests of full-scale structures and flight times in operation of different aircraft types are presented. The required values of the statistical and cyclical fracture resistance of structural materials are substantiated, and the achieved values of these characteristics in modern aluminum alloys are presented.

Assessment of greenhouse gases emission from civil aviation in Russia

The greenhouse gases emission (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from domestic and international aviation in the Russian Federation is assessed. In 2007, the total emission of CO2, CH4, and N2O amounted to 18.4 million tons of CO2-equivalent, which is 21% below the 1990 level. Carbon dioxide dominates in the component composition of the emissions, its part in 2007 accounted for 99.1% of the emission. Taking into account the tendency towards increasing fuel consumption due to intense aircraft traffic it can be expected that compared to the present level the greenhouse gases emissions in 2012 and 2020 will increase by 15 and 45%, respectively. Accounting for the increased aircraft emissions as well as plans of foreign countries to include the international aviation into the scheme of greenhouse gases emission allowance (trade credits) it is expedient to make more precise the greenhouse gases emissions from the Russian aviation based on the detailed flight data for all types of the aircraft.

Process characterization of vibrostrengthening and application to fatigue enhancement of aluminum aerospace components—part I. Experimental study of process parameters

Vibrostrengthening is a fatigue-enhancement process, originally developed by the Russian aviation industry (Rumyantsev et al. 2004). A potential alternative to shot peening, currently a standard industrial surface treatment for fatigue enhancement, vibrostrengthening offers the potential for shorter processing times and uniform treatment of the surface, especially when dealing with fragile parts and complex part geometries. Vibrostrengthening is a modification of a vibratory finishing process in which the parts or workpieces and a medium of hard granular particles are vibrated together in a processing tub causing the particles to mechanically work the surface of the workpiece. In vibrostrengthening, the workpiece is fixed inside a vibratory tub, increasing the relative velocities between the particles in the medium and the workpiece. This gives rise to more aggressive mechanical working of the workpiece surface. The resulting plastic deformation at the surface produces a sub-surface compressive residual stress, which together with a better surface finish, is conjectured to improve the fatigue strength of workpiece. This paper is an experimental study of vibrostrengthening of aluminum components for fatigue life enhancement. The effects of various process parameters on the fatigue strength of a specimen are studied to experimentally characterize the process. These experiments also demonstrate that the vibrostrengthening process produces significant fatigue enhancement on experimental samples produced by machining. Further, these experiments verify that, in fact, fatigue enhancement in the vibrostrengthening process is a result of the combined effect of inducing a compressive residual stress field within the material and improving the material’s surface finish. Fatigue tests indicate that the fatigue enhancement of this process is comparable to, if not better than, shot peening. One important reason for such a favorable comparison, given the lower levels of residual stress that result from this process, is the superior surface finish it produces. A companion paper (Sangid et al. 2010) presents a study involving process visualization to understand and explain the process mechanics; further, a computational model is produced to characterize the fatigue enhancement of the process through the compressive residual stress field and surface topography.

How high will Russian aviation fly?

The study provides the historical context of the Russian aviation industry reflecting the periods of its growth and decline. It reveals the competitive advantage strategies that have been implemented by the Russian government in an attempt to revivify an enfeebled nation's aeronautic industry. The paper discusses the newly formed Joint Stock Company (JSC) United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) and its strategies to break into global markets, including UAC innovative product offerings. Whether or not, the recent efforts of the Russian government serve as a fulcrum for the Russian aviation industry that will leverage Russia into the global market, remains to be seen.