Russian Version Research Articles

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale in Russian adolescents

This study involved a psychometric analysis of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). To investigate the Russian version of the PSS-10 for adolescents, 3530 adolescents aged 13–17 years were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the data corresponded to the expected two-factor configuration. Psychometric properties and factor structure were evaluated. As expected, the PSS-10 included two factors: perceived helplessness and perceived self-efficacy. Internal consistency demonstrated acceptable values (Cronbach’s alpha was 0.82 for perceived helplessness, 0.77 for perceived self-efficacy, and 0.80 for the overall PSS score). Measurement invariance across sexes was assessed, and configural and metric invariance were confirmed. The developed diagnostic tool can be used both in the school system to alleviate the negative consequences of academic stress in adolescents and, in the future, in other areas, particularly in clinical practice.

ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТЬ К СИТУАЦИИ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ И СОВЛАДАНИЕ С БОЛЕЗНЬЮ У ОДИНОКИХ И СЕМЕЙНЫХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ, СТРАДАЮЩИХ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЕМ

The article provides a comparative analysis of the level of tolerance to uncertainty and strategies of coping with stress caused by a serious illness in single and family women patients. The sample consisted of 50 women patients suffering from stage II–IV breast cancer, the average age was 54.38 ± 10.28 years; the duration of the disease ranged from 3 months to 8 years. The sample is divided into 2 subsamples by marital status: 23 single women and 27 women with a family. Research methods: clinical semi-structured interview (based on the A. Kleiman model); IUS scale (Freeston et al., 1994, in Russian adaptation by A.Sh. Tkhostov, A.S. Nelyubina, A.A. Razlutsky, A.M. Merzlyakova, 2022); СОРЕ (Carver et al., 1989, in Russian adaptation by E.I. Rasskazova, T.O. Gordeeva and E.N. Osin, 2013); Melbourne DecisionMaking Questionnaire (MDMQ) (T.V. Kornilova, 2013); test “The choice of descriptors of intraceptive sensations” (A.Sh. Tkhostov, S.P. Elshansky, 2003; modification by A.S. Nelyubina, A.Sh. Tkhostov, 2013). It was revealed that single patients significantly more often than those with a family used such adaptive strategies as vigilance, planning and acceptance. At the same time, patients of both groups did not resort to seeking social support in coping with the disease. The higher the patient’s tolerance to uncertainty, the more often she chose maladaptive coping strategies such as over-vigilance, procrastination and avoidance.

Gene polymorphism as a cause of hemorrhagic complications in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation treated with oral vitamin K-independent anticoagulants.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for 40% of all cardiac arrhythmias and is associated with a high risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolic complications. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban are direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) that have been proven to prevent stroke in patients with non-valvular AF. This review summarizes the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions of DOACs, as well as new data from pharmacogenetic studies of these drugs. This review is aimed at analyzing the scientific literature on the gene polymorphisms involved in the metabolism of DOACs. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and CyberLeninka (Russian version) databases with keywords: 'dabigatran', 'apixaban', 'rivaroxaban', 'edoxaban', 'gene polymorphism', 'pharmacogenetics', 'ABCB1', 'CES1', 'SULT1A', 'ABCG2', and 'CYP3A4'. The articles referred for this review include (1) full-text articles; (2) study design with meta-analysis, an observational study in patients taking DOAC; and (3) data on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms and kinetic parameters of DOACs (plasma concentration), or a particular clinical outcome, published in English and Russian languages during the last 10 years. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 75 years. Out of 114 reviewed works, 24 were found eligible. As per the available pharmacogenomic data, polymorphisms affecting DOACs are different. This may aid in developing individual approaches to optimize DOAC pharmacotherapy to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic complications. However, large-scale population studies are required to determine the dosage of the new oral anticoagulants based on genotyping. Information on the genetic effects is limited owing to the lack of large-scale studies. Uncovering the mechanisms of the genetic basis of sensitivity to DOACs helps in developing personalized therapy based on patient-specific genetic variants and improves the efficacy and safety of DOACs in the general population.

РЕСТАНДАРТИЗАЦИЯ ШКАЛ "ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ" И "БАРЬЕРЫ КАРЬЕРНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ" В АДАПТИРОВАННОЙ НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК МЕТОДИКЕ "MY VOCATIONAL SITUATION"

The objective of this paper is to present the findings of restandardization of the “Vocational Identity” and “Career Development Barriers” scales in the “My Vocational Situation” technique by D. Holland, D. Daiger, and P. Power. The Russian language version of the scale has been adapted to study careers in a wide socio-age range (the Russian-language title is “Методика измерения карьерного самоопределения” / Career Self-Determination Measurement Technique). The re-standardization was implemented on a sample of 748 individuals. Of these, 48.13% were male and 51.87% were female. Additionally, 63.5% had completed higher education. The sample included two groups of participants: vocational graduates (n = 327, with one to three years of post-graduation work experience, ages 20 to 26 years) and advancing-age workers (n = 421, ages 30 to 45 years). The study comprised several stages. Initially, the text of the methodology was refined by removing items that increased the uncertainty of answers or were oriented more towards graduates. Subsequently, the nature of data distribution was determined, specifically whether it complied with the normal distribution. The internal and retest reliability of the scales was then checked. This was followed by an examination of the construct, empirical and criterion validity of the technique. Finally, the scales were standardized. The internal and retest reliability of the scales were confirmed. The construct, empirical, and criterion validity of the scale “Vocational Identity” and the construct, empirical validity of the scale “Career Development Barriers” were demonstrated. A nonlinear standardization of the scales was conducted in order to facilitate the correlation of the new results with those obtained with the previous version, including those obtained with samples of vocational students. The latest version of the scales offers the potential for comprehensive comparative research on human activity in the contemporary labor market. This encompasses a range of factors, including age, social status, employment status, type of employment, material status, successful/unsuccessful career development, and so forth. Additionally, the technique and data processing method are provided, offering a framework for express diagnosis when solving practical tasks.

«Смерть Лопатинского» Ф. Булгарина в переложениях финских авторов XIX в.

The article explores the Swedish translation and poetic adaptations of F. Bulgarin’s “war story” “The Death of Lopatinsky,” published in Finland at the turn of the 1830s and 1840s. The article documents and explains the differences between the Swedish translations and the original Russian work. It also notes the reaction of the Finnish readership to the Swedish texts. The response to the relatively accurate translation of Bulgarin’s story published in the newspaper “Wasa tidning” (January 1839) was an article in “Borgå tidning” (May 1839), containing a truthful, in contrast to the Russian version, description of the death of Lieutenant Lopatinsky in September 1808. The article discusses Janne Lundmark’s poem “The Death of Lopatinsky, and the Voices at the Tomb,” which was published in Helsingborg in 1843. This poem is a poetic reworking of Bulgarin’s text and includes references to several characters from Scandinavian mythology, with the Houris being the most prominent. The article suggests that Lundmark indicates the eastern origin of the hero of the poem in this way. The article also notes that Valkyries and Houris often form a pair of “maidens of Paradise” in Swedish literature from the first half of the 19th century. Lundmark probably takes this into account. Finally, the article mentions that Lundmark’s poem is one of several works by Swedish-speaking authors from the 17th–18th centuries that are dedicated to the death of a hero.

«…Не Шекспир главное, а примечания к нему»: комментарий академический и учебный, комментарий как автобиография, исследование и расследование

The paper deals with the history of academic commentary in the Soviet era, particularly the formation of standards for a description of the sources of the text, its creative history, and clarification of the encountered realities incomprehensible to the reader. A separate part of the paper is devoted to the critical editions of Russian “classics” designed for high school institutions, among them, e. g., the five-volume collection of works by A.S. Pushkin, issued by Lev I. Polivanov. The main specificity of these comments is that they precede the literary text and answer questions that students may have in advance. The next object of our analysis is N.L. Brodsky’s commentary on Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” intended for secondary school teachers. It became a subject of sharp criticism by V.V. Nabokov, like a commentary on the same novel released by Yu.M. Lotman. A new stage in the genre of commentary has become the Russian version of Nabokov’s “A Novel in Verse by Alexandr Pushkin,” growing into an autobiography and a self-discovery tool for the editor (Nabokov). We are also considering the question of how fair was Nabokov’s criticism of the commentaries of Brodsky and Chizhevsky. Another type of commentary should be that of Odessa researcher S.Z. Lushchik, published as an appendix to Kataev’s novel “Werther has already been written” (1980) and entitled “A real commentary on the novel.” This type of commentary grows into a full-fledged study that discovers unknown and carefully hidden details of the famous Soviet writer’s biography.

Questionnaires for arm function assessment in patients with multiple sclerosis

Arm dysfunction is one of the disabling manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially in later stages of the disease. Assessment of the functioning of the upper limbs is necessary to objectify the course of MS, determine the effectiveness of therapy, and individualize rehabilitation measures. The tools that assess the upper extremity dysfunction include tests and questionnaires. Questionnaires (patient-reported outcome measures) represent the special importance, since the opinions and preferences of patients themselves help to implement a patient-centered approach to treatment. The article presents a brief description of three multidimensional MS-specific and four unidimensional MS-nonspecific questionnaires that used in assessment of upper limb function in MS patients. The disease-specific unidimensional Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire (AMSQ), specifically designed to assess the arm use in patients with MS, is discussed in more detail. The use of AMSQ in the Russian population is possible only after the procedure of cultural adaptation and validation of the Russian version.

Кросс-культурная адаптация и валидация русскоязычной версии оценочной системы Foot and Ankle Ability Measures (FAAM-Ru)

Кросс-культурная адаптация и валидация русскоязычной версии оценочной системы Foot and Ankle Ability Measures (FAAM-Ru)

Metaphor and metonymy in translation: transformation of images in Russian versions of Guillaume Apollinaire's works

This study is devoted to the nuances of metaphor and metonymy translation, in particular, to the works of Guillaume Apollinaire and their Russian translations. The article begins by defining the theoretical foundations of metaphor and metonymy, drawing on linguistic and cognitive theories to emphasise their importance in literary discourse. It then provides a thorough analysis of Apollinaire's unique stylistic elements, highlighting the fusion of visual and verbal poetics and how these aspects pose a challenge to the translator. The main part of the study is an in-depth analysis of selected Apollinaire works, offering a comparative analysis of the original French texts and their Russian counterparts. This segment highlights the difficulties inherent in translating Apollinaire's rich metaphorical and metonymic language, marked by a characteristic combination of visual imagery and linguistic innovation. The study uses a range of linguistic examples to demonstrate both successful and problematic translation solutions, providing a multifaceted insight into the translation process. The paper then examines the specific difficulties of translating metaphor and metonymy into Russian, given the linguistic and cultural differences between French and Russian. It presents various translation techniques such as substitution, modulation and word-for-word translation and evaluates their effectiveness in bridging the gap between the two languages. The study also critically examines examples where direct translation fails to convey the essence of the original, emphasising the importance of cultural context and idiomatic appropriateness in translation. The conclusion summarises the findings, highlighting the crucial role of cultural and cognitive considerations when translating metaphors and metonymies.

Russian adaptation of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire

Adaptation of the Russian version of the Clinical Perfectionist Questionnaire (CPQ, Fairburn, Cooper, Shafran 2002) and evaluation of its psychometric features. One hundred and thirty-five people (98 (72.6%) women, 37 (27.4%) men) at the age from 18 to 36 (M=25.10; SD=4.92) took part in this study. Fifty-seven participants are diagnosed with eating disorder. Respondents completed the adapted version of CPQ, The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) (Skugarevsky and Sivuha adaptation) and the Three-factor perfectionism questionnaire (Garanyan, Holmogorova). Three-factor structure was found from 12 questions of CPQ: self-esteem based on achievements; correspondence with high standards; negative evaluation of results. Inner coherence of the factors is high and acceptable (Cronbachs alpha 0.784, 0.691 and 0.609, respectively). There are statistically significant positive correlations between scales of CPQ and scales of the Three-factor perfectionism questionnaire. There is a significant positive correlation between CPQ scale «self-esteem based on achievements» and summed result of EAT-26 (p<0.05). No significant differences in results of each CPQ scale between people with- and without diagnosed eating disorder is found. The adapted Russian version of CPQ showed relevant psychometric characteristics, therefore it may be used as an additional instrument for diagnosing of eating desorders.

Eating patterns and risk of eating disorders in adolescents

Adolescence is a critical period for the onset of eating disorders, which affect an adolescent's diet and can have adverse and long-term health consequences. The relationship between the risk of eating disorders and the diet of Russian adolescents has been little studied. The objective of the research was to characterize the relationship between the risk of eating disorders and dietary patterns in a sample of Russian schoolchildren. Material and methods. The continuous cross-sectional study included tenth-graders of secondary schools (n=379, 63.1% girls) aged 16.0±0.5 years. The Russian version of the Eating Disorder Inventory was used to assess the risk of eating disorders. Dietary information was obtained from questionnaires completed by adolescents, characterizing the frequency of meals (at home and at school) during the week, the variety of dishes, and the frequency of consumption of foods and dishes. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)/height index. Results. The eating patterns of schoolchildren were significantly disrupted, more so in girls. They were statistically significantly less likely than boys to consume meat, milk, nuts, and butter, and were more likely to skip breakfast. Significant correlations were shown between BMI Z-score and WC/height index in girls with body dissatisfaction (R=0.19 and 0.18, respectively, p<0.01), desire to lose weight (R=0.26 and 0.25, respectively, p<0.01) and bulimic tendencies (R=0.13, p<0.05 for WC/height). In boys, the drive for thinness was significantly associated only with abdominal fat deposition (R=0.26, p<0.01). Body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness in boys were associated with statistically significantly lower consumption of candies, chocolate, ice cream, cookies and potatoes; in girls - with rare consumption of candies, ice cream, sweet carbonated drinks, juices, fast food, as well as bread, meat and sausages, butter, skipping breakfast and dinner. Conclusion. The tendency to develop eating disorder in adolescence is more common in girls and is associated with dietary restrictions affecting important components of the diet necessary for normal growth and development.

Central sensitization and comorbid disorders in patients with coronary heart disease

Study of central sensitization (CS), insomnia and meteosensitivity in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) admitted for a routine examination. 67 patients (29 men and 38 women), aged 50-87 years, average age 73 [67; 85] years, with chronic forms of coronary heart disease were examined. The examination included the Russian version of the central sensitization inventory (CSI); assessment of meteosensitivity using a visual analogue scale (VAS); questionnaire for semi-quantitative assessment of subjective sleep characteristics (ASHS). Patients with the presence of CS were prescribed Anvifen 250 mg 3 times a day; in addition, patients could take the drug during the day if necessary, as well as during night or early morning awakening (without exceeding the maximum daily dose of 1500 mg). The duration of drug administration and observation of patients was 30 days. The severity of CS (before and after treatment): subclinical - in 14 and 20, mild - in 15 and 37, moderate - in 17 and 10, severe - in 14 and 0, critical - in 7 and 0 patients, respectively. The average CSI score was 40.5[30; 50] and 32.5[25; 37.3] (p=0.00001). The severity of meteosensitivity according to VAS before and after treatment was 70 [60; 80] and 25 [20; 30] points (p=0.00002). The average ASHS score for subjective sleep characteristics before and after treatment was 13 [12; 15] and 26 [25; 28] points (p=0.00001). Central nervous system, insomnia and meteosensitivity are common clinical conditions in patients with coronary artery disease. Inattention to them leads to insufficient effectiveness of specific therapy and worsening of the course of cardiovascular diseases. The GABAergic drug Anvifen effectively reduces CS, meteosensitivity and improves sleep. The CSI is a simple and informative tool for assessing cerebral dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease and can be recommended for daily routine practice in order to optimize personalized medical care.

Psychometric Properties of a Russian Version of the Comprehensive Scale of Intellectual Humility

Psychometric Properties of a Russian Version of the Comprehensive Scale of Intellectual Humility

"ЕВРЕЙСКИЙ КОРОЛЬ ЛИР" ЯКОВА ГОРДИНА: РАЗГОВОР С РУССКИМ ЗРИТЕЛЕМ НА ФОНЕ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ

Jacob Gordin [1853–1909] was an influential reformer of Yiddish theatre in first half of the 20th century. His dramatic works were created in the U.S. period of his life, but they were also popular in Russia where they were adapted and directed on the Russian scene. The article focuses on the Russian version of Gordin’s Yiddish King Lear. The play juxtaposes Jewish and European cultural elements and unites Russian and Jewish audiences. Situations of Shakespearean plots happen in streets of Jewish towns and neighborhoods. But at the same time Gordin fills the European plot with Jewish features, such as the polemics between religious movements, ideas about the purpose of man (tikkun olam, pikuach nefesh). The reference to the classical European fabula breaks down the public perception of Jews as a group isolated by the Talmud and rabbis, off the axis of history. In parallel, the text demonstrates to the Jewish viewers that the European world is its own cultural space for Jews as well is a relevant place for them, too.

Валидация русскоязычной версии опросника оценки зависимости от компьютерных игр у подростков (Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents)

With the rapid growth of the video game industry and the increasing availability of online gaming worldwide, problematic gaming behaviors are on the rise, with significant psychosocial and somatic consequences. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Russian version of the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA), a brief 7-item psychometric instrument to identify addiction to computer games in adolescents. Methods. The GASA questionnaire was translated into Russian and tested on a sample of 2380 adolescents ages 11- 19 from schools in Krasnoyarsk. Internal consistency, factor structure, and concurrent validity of the GASA-RU were examined using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and relationships with the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Retest reliability at 6-month intervals was also assessed. Results. The GASA-RU questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81) and retest reliability (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.56; p. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the single-factor structure of the questionnaire, consistent with its theoretical model: χ2 - 373 (df=14; p. Significant positive correlations were found between the scores of the GASA-RU and CIAS questionnaires and the different subscales of the SDQ questionnaire, indicating good external validity. The prevalence of game addiction was 10.9% (16.2% among boys and 6.3% among girls). Conclusion. The Russian-language version of the GASA questionnaire demonstrated adequate reliability and validity comparable to the original scale. The GASA-RU questionnaire appears to be a useful brief screening tool to assess the risk of computer game addiction in different populations of Russian-speaking adolescents.

Adaptation of the Russian version of the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ)

The work is devoted to the adaptation of the “Perception of Aging” questionnaire based on the English-language Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ). Modern scientific knowledge has a significant amount of data in the field of psychology of aging, interest in which does not fade, and the aging process is studied from various angles. Researchers more often turn to the problem of constructing a productive old age, the planning of which is recommended to begin at earlier stages of life. The results of modern research indicate that a positive perception of aging is a predictor of quality of life in old age and contributes to various aspects of health in old age. In this regard, the question arises about psychodiagnostic tools that allow us to identify the specifics of the perception of aging. Even though that there are currently studies on this problem, there is no version of the questionnaire that will allow assessing the perception of aging in a Russian sample. This study examined the reliability and construct validity of the English version of the APQ Perceptions of Aging Questionnaire. The study involved 229 people aged 29 to 68 years. Reliability was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s α and showed internal consistency both for the entire questionnaire and across gender groups. To test the convergent validity, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile questionnaire, the K. Riff Psychological Well- Being Scale, the Australian Healthy Aging Questionnaire, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scales were used. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, six scales were identified: “Consequences negative”, “Control positive”, “Emotional representation” and “Unstable image of old age” (Timeline (cyclical)), “Consequences positive”, “Control negative”. Analysis of convergent validity showed the connection of the selected scales with indicators of psychological and physical health. The Perceptions of Aging Questionnaire is a simple and flexible method for assessing the image of aging.

Alexithymia and self-harm in people with borderline personality disorder

To estimate the prevalence of alexithymia and self-harm in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). To assess the role of alexithymia in the emergence of self-harm in patients with BPD. We studied 104 patients (85 women, 19 men aged 21 to 25 years (64.4%)), including 54 patients with and 50 patients without BPD. Most of them had incomplete higher education (55%). We used the Russian version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to reveal alexithymia and SCID-II to diagnose BPD. The presence of self-harm behavior was confirmed by the subjects' anamnesis data. The prevalence of alexithymia in patients with BPD was 83.3%, in the control group it was 52% (p=0.001). The prevalence of self-aggression was 70.3% (n=38) in patients with BPD, and 12% (n=6) in people without BPD. Self-harm among persons with alexithymia was noted in 62.5% (n=45). During the analysis, a connection between auto-aggression and alexithymia was found at the level of a statistical trend (p=0.051). Alexithymia and self-harm are more common in patients with BPD than in healthy people. This type of emotional dysregulation mediates self-harm in patients with BPD.

Neuroinflammation in Obese Children.

Obesity is associated with chronic persistent inflammation due to a pool of tissue macrophages that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and cause neuroinflammation. The analysis of the association of CD14+CD163+ monocytes in the peripheral blood with cognitive functions in 56 obese children (mean age 11.95 (9.45; 14.45) years) was carried out. The control group consisted of 10 children (mean age 10.4 (9.3; 13.8) years). Standard deviation of the body mass index (SDS BMI) and height (SDS height) were calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software (for children of 6-19 years). Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance measurement. Mononuclear cells were isolated from whole blood by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Urografin density gradient (ρ=1.077 g/ml). The content of CD14+CD163+ monocytes in the peripheral blood was assessed by flow cytometry. To analyze cognitive functions, the intelligence coefficient (IQ) was calculated and a Russian adaptation of the Rey test was performed. We found an increase in the number of M2-polarized CD14+CD163+ monocytes in the peripheral blood with an increase in the obesity degree and in the presence of cognitive decline, as well as a negative correlation of the level of M2-polarized monocytes and IQ, taking into account the excess of visceral fat. The revealed data on the relationship of M2-polarized CD14+CD163+ peripheral blood monocytes with obesity in children and the development of neuropsychological deficiency confirm the role of peripheral visceral obesity and neuroinflammation.

ASSOCIATION OF PROBLEM USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS WITH MOOD DISORDERS IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The addictive potential of social media is well known. However, data on the impact of social media on mental health are contradictory. Some studies report the benefits of using social media for mental health. In turn, data from other studies have shown that widespread use of social networks has been associated with a number of psychological and mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, psychological stress, especially in young people.&#x0D; The purpose of the study. To study the association of problematic use of social networks with anxiety indicators on the HADS scale among medical university students&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 229 students of both sexes enrolled in the 3rd year of the medical faculty of the Medical University. The analysis of the problematic use of social networks was carried out using the Russian version of the questionnaire «The Social Media Disorder Scale». The identification and assessment of the severity of anxiety disorders was carried out using the Russian version of the hospital scale of anxiety and depression HADS.&#x0D; Results. It was found, that the frequency of problematic use of social networks in the general group of surveyed students studying at a medical university was 9,6%. The presence of signs of anxiety was detected in 34,9% of the surveyed students. The frequency of problematic use of social networks among people with signs of anxiety was 59,1%. Among the examined girls the number of people with signs of anxiety with problematic use of social networks was twice as large as compared to patients without problematic use of social networks.&#x0D; Conclusion. Associations of problematic use of social networks with indicators of anxiety on the HADS scale among students at a medical university were revealed.

Non-speech information w angielskich i rosyjskich napisach Closed Captions zawartych w serialu Эпидемия. Analiza kontrastywna

The article focuses on a specific and little explored branch of audiovisual translation, namely non-speech information (Zdenek, 2015) in the Closed Captions (CC) in the Netflix production series To the lake (Russian title Эпидемия), directed by Pavel Kostomarov. The article attempts to reach a consensus in the terminological dispute between the countries of North America and Oceania (Captions) on the one hand, and the countries of Europe on the other (Subtitles). The decision to use the term “captions” and “captioning” is being justified. The method used in the research is the corpus-driven method, and the contrastive method between the intralingual captions in Russian and the interlingual captions in English. Individual types of non-speech information are compared: Speaker identifier, Language identifier, Sound effects, Paralanguage, Manner of speaking identifiers, Music and Channel identifier (Zdenek, 2015). In addition, some space is devoted to the NSI as non-verbatim. The results show a slight discrepancy in the amount of NSI used (2,020 in the English version and 2,004 in the Russian version). The greatest disproportions are noticed only at the level of individual categories. Differences were noticed, among others, in the level of the originality of data records, i.e. greater synonymy in the English version, especially in the category of Paralanguage and Sound effects. The research opens up a discussion on the condition of captions and improving accessibility in the NSI usage.