Russian Academy Of Sciences Research Articles

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE ASSIGNMENTS OF RURAL TERRITORIES

The article deals with the problem of developing the infrastructure of socio-cultural purpose of rural territories, which is relevant for the socio-economic system of the region. The purpose of the study is to study the features and trends of the development of socio-cultural infrastructure in rural areas. The author examines the dynamics of indicators of socio-cultural infrastructure of rural areas based on the analysis of data from Rosstat, the Federal State Statistics Service, statistical collections of the Russian Federation and the Vologda Oblast. The study of the state and main trends in the development of socio-cultural infrastructure of rural areas in modern conditions. The loss of the ability of rural municipal institutions to meet the socio-cultural needs of the population was noted. The article also offers an analysis of the results of the sociological survey of the National Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Socio-cultural portrait of regions" conducted with the participation of the author in 2019 and 2021, the purpose of which was to study the socio-cultural characteristics of the population of the Vologda region, data are provided for two major cities of the region (Vologda and Cherepovets) and by districts. The method of conducting the survey is a questionnaire at the respondent's place of residence, the sample size is 1500 people, the sample is representative, the error does not exceed 5%. The questionnaire questions used in the study study the cultural practices used by the residents of the region, the analysis focuses on the place of residence (urban and rural areas). An analysis of the results of a survey of residents of the Vologda Oblast revealed changes in the composition of leisure needs, as well as in ways to meet them among the rural population. In particular, in 2021, there was an increase in the interest of the population of rural areas in the use of previously less popular cultural practices (museums, cinemas, theaters). The analysis leads the author to think about the expansion of the list of preferred cultural practices among the inhabitants of rural areas. The obtained data and the results of the study can be used by federal and regional authorities in the development of management decisions; drawing up strategic programs for the development of socio-cultural infrastructure and the sphere of culture and leisure.

Запасы и структура фитомассы древостоев северотаежных сосняков Республики Коми

The research aims at estimating phytomass reserves of northern taiga green-moss and sphagnum pine forests growing in the Komi Republic. The study was carried out in pine forests at the Zelenoborsk forest research station of the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB Komi SC UB RAS) in 2016–2019. We analyzed sample trees data and derived power equations of the dependence of the individual fractions weight on the stem diameter at the breast height (1.3 m) for the main forest-forming species (pine, spruce, larch, and birch) of green-moss and sphagnum forest are characterized by rather large phytomass reserves, 136–211 t/ha. While in sphagnum pine forests there are 89–96 t/ha of phytomass. Despite the admixture of other wood species, the leading pool is represented by pine trees, and the main fraction (46–56 %) is wood of stem. The input of stem wood and stem as a whole (bark and wood) is greater in green-moss pine forests compared to sphagnum pine forests, while the share of roots in these two types is approximately the same. Participation of tree crowns (needles/leaves and branches) in the total phytomass reserves of pine stands on automorphic soils is significantly lower (17 % on average) than in communities on semihydromorphic and hydromorphic soils (22 % on average). The relatively greater mass of needles and leaves resulted in a high LAI, which varied from 8.8 to 17.8 and from 7.7 to 9.8 ha/ha, respectively, in green-moss and sphagnum pine forests. We found a high reliable (R = 0.88; p = 0.004) relationship between LAI and the tree basal areas sum, whereas it is statistically insignificant with density and wood supply. The conversion factors were calculated to convert timber volume into phytomass reserves of both individual fractions and species as a whole. The presented data are useful for assessing the productivity of pine ecosystems in different growing conditions during forest monitoring (including remote sensing methods) and also when planning forest management measures in order to increase the productivity of pine forests.

Techno-typological characteristic of Dam-Dam-Cheshme-1 lithic assemblages

The article presents the results of the technical-typological analysis of the lithic assemblages of one of the main sites of the Eastern Caspian – Dam-Dam-Cheshme-1. The site was studied by A. P. Okladnikov (1950s) and G. E. Markov (1970s), and the archaeological materials of the excavations were shared between the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Moscow State University. The study is aimed at analyzing the collections obtained during the excavations of A.P. Okladnikov, which are stored at the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The lithic assemblage here is characterized by a small-plate industry, whose production of blade/lets was carried out within the framework of volumetric way. The tool set includes various scrapers, burins, geometric microliths (lunatess and triangles), and notched pieces. The closest analogies are observed with the materials of the grotto of Dam-Dam-Cheshme-2, Kailu, Oiukly and Komishan, located in the south-eastern Caspian Sea.

Influence of new humic preparation on remediation of oil-contaminated soil

A humic preparation obtained through alkaline extraction of humic-containing raw materials at the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (branch of the V. V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute) is presented. The aim of the work is to study the effect of the humic preparation – named BoGum – on the remediation of oil-contaminated podzols. In a model experiment for soil remediation, artificially contaminated with oil in an amount of 5%, BoGum was used in 3 doses: as a stimulant of aboriginal microflora (300 l/ha), as a fertiliser (3000 l/ha), and as a sorbent (30000 l/ha). BoGum was found to be more effective as a stimulator of aboriginal microflora, whose maximum was observed one month following application, while the degree of destruction of oil over the two months of the experiment was 40.1%. Over the course of the experiment, it was determined that humic substances of the preparation were a more affordable source of nutrition for the soil microflora when BoGum was used as a sorbent; the breakdown of oil was the lowest when petroleum hydrocarbons were inaccessible to microorganisms due to sorption. The maximum degree of breakdown (44.9%) occurred with the combined use of the microbial preparation MicroBak (development of the Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and the humic preparation BoGum at a dosage of 300 l/ha. The preparation demonstrated a synergistic effect, which affected the active development of both hydrocarbon-oxidising microorganisms and aboriginal microflora. The percentage of the hydrocarbon-oxidising microorganisms from the total number of heterotrophs in all experimental variants was maximum in two weeks; this was reduced at different intensities. Calculated multiple regression equations were used to estimate the physiological influence of the groups of microorganisms on the degree of degradation being investigated.

Philip Johan Tabbert von Strahlenberg: An 18th Century Swedish Prisoner’s Research in Siberia

This article analyzes the work done by the Swedish prisoner of the Great Northern War Philip Johan Tabbert von Strahlenberg during his stay in Siberia and aimed at exploring ancient and traditional cultures of Western Siberia and the Minusinsk Basin. A brief overview of earlier studies is presented. The conditions of Strahlenberg’s work are outlined. His main interests, from his arrival in Siberia’s capital until his return to Sweden, concerned the cartography, ethnology, and archaeology of the environs of Tobolsk and of the entire Western Siberia, Minusinsk Basin, and Southern Siberian highlands in particular. Some episodes in Strahlenberg’s activities as a researcher and collector are described with a focus on the difficulties he experienced, specifically when collecting ancient artifacts and written documents. Certain results of his research are highlighted. From the modern standpoint, the article examines the significance of Strahlenberg’s work for Russian archaeology at the stage when its basis of sources was being formed. His place among the first experts in Western and Southern Siberian ancient and traditional cultures is assessed. The key role in the organization and consolidation of research in the remote fringes of the Russian State in the early 1700s belonged to the Russian Academy of Sciences.

New Constraints on the Axion–Electron Coupling Constant for Solar Axions

The resonant excitation of the 83Kr first excited nuclear level (E = 9.4 keV) by solar axions whose fluxes depend on the axion–electron coupling constant gAe is sought. The γ- and X-ray photons and the conversion and Auger electrons from the excited-level relaxation are detected with a gas proportional counter of a low-background detector in the underground Baksan Neutrino Observatory (Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences). As a result, a new constraint {text{|}}{{g}_{{Ae}}}(g_{{AN}}^{3} - g_{{AN}}^{0}){text{|}} ≤ 1.50 × 10–17 (90% C.L.) has been obtained for the axion–electron and axion–nucleon coupling constants, which corresponds to new constraints on the axion mass mA ≤ 320 eV and mA ≤ 4.6 eV in the KSVZ and DFSZ axion models, respectively.

Preface

XXII International conference on Computational Mechanics and Modern Applied Software Systems CMMASS 2021 September 4-13, 2021 Preface This issue comprises selected works presented on the 22nd International Conference on Computational Mechanics and Modern Applied Software Systems (CMMASS 2021) held from 4 September to 13 September 2021 in Alushta (The Republic of Crimea). The Conference was hosted by Moscow Aviation Institute (national research university) in cooperation with the Laboratory «Space flight mechanics» of the Moscow Aviation Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the Russian National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.The objective of the Conference is to raise and discuss up-to-date questions relating to computational mechanics problems, modern software systems, parallel computing problems, far-reaching numerical approaches and various aspects of application of computational tools to solve problems in mechanics of a deformable solid, fluid dynamics, aerospace mechanics, nanomechanics and other fields. Also during the Conference the problems of software and database support with analysis of instruments for data processing and data visualization and new achievements from researches are considered.The Conference became a workspace for participants from Russia, the People’s Republic of China, Japan, Australia, India, Poland, Serbia, France, Italy, Armenia, Republic of Kazakhstan.List of Conference Committee, Co-Chairs, Deputy Chairman and Program Committee are available in this pdf.

Production potential of wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens) as influenced by weather conditions, varieties and methods of sowing in the regions of southern Russia

In recent years, droughts have become more frequent in the south of Russia, which has affected the yield of forage crops on pastures and hayfields. Wheatgrass is a perennial cereal plant, a fodder crop, characterized by high productivity and durability, contains a lot of nutrients in the feed mass, more than other cereals, resistant to pests and diseases, frost and drought resistant, grows well on steppe saline soils. The present study was conducted during 2015–2019 at Federal Research Center for Agroecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia with an aim to assess the productive potential of wheatgrass plants depending on the variety, the method of sowing and the weather conditions of the growing year in the conditions of the arid zone. In this study, various varieties of wheatgrass were studied (wheatgrass medium variety Stavropol 1, wheatgrass elongated variety Stavropol 10, wheatgrass elongated variety Salt Marsh). The study was laid out in randomized block design with a factorial arrangement of 2 x 4 with three seeding methods (solid with the number of plants 245 pcs/m2 and wide-row, 45 cm with the number of plants 150 pcs/m2 and wide-row, 70 cm with the number of plants 150 pcs/m2 in a triple repetition. The yield of wheatgrass and the protein content in the green mass were determined depending on the factors studied. The data obtained showed that in arid conditions in the south of Russia, weather conditions had the greatest impact on the productivity of wheatgrass plants (their share of influence reaches 70%), while the yield of green phytomass varied from 4.0 to 9.4 t/ha, depending on the varieties and the method of sowing. The yield of wheatgrass and the protein content in the green mass were determined depending on the factors studied. The data obtained showed that in the arid conditions of the south of Russia, weather conditions had the greatest impact on the productivity of wheatgrass plants (their share of influence reaches 70%), while the yield of green phytomass varied from 4.0 to 9.4 t/ha, depending on the varieties and method of sowing. Thus, it was proved that the largest yield of phytomass of wheatgrass is formed in wide-row crops with a height of 70 cm with an increase in yield by 2.3 t/ha or by 32% compared to conventional continuous sowing tomass of wheatgrass is formed in wide-row 70 cm crops, with an increase in yield of 2.3 t/ha or 32% compared to conventional continuous sowing.

Annual All-Russian Academic Conference at the Center for Political Studies and Forecasting, Institute for Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences

Annual All-Russian Academic Conference at the Center for Political Studies and Forecasting, Institute for Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences

Инновационные идеи в теории философии социально-техногенного развития мира и смены эволюции жизни (к 85-летию профессора Э.С. Демиденко)

The article highlights the main milestones of Eduard Semenovich Demidenko’s scientific biography, who is the founder and pioneer in the field of research and development of the philosophy theory of the world socio-technogenic develop-ment and the change in the life evolution in domestic science, who has been the head of the author’s Bryansk Interdisciplinary Scientific and Philosophical School at BSTU since 2002. Professor E.S. Demidenko’s ideas are connected with the need to comprehend the destructive impact of the processes of the world urbanization and technospherization on the biospheric life and man’s transformation.
 The article reviews E.S. Demidenko’s main achievements in the field of the world process of urbanization as the final stage of the technospherization process of the planet Earth; in the field of technogenic social progress; socio-technogenic development of the earthly life and the world; change in the life evolution on the Earth with the transition from the biospheric-biological to the socio-techno-biological system of life, namely post-biospheric; man’s global socio- and eco-technological transformation; methodological plan of the theory which is a systematic scientific socio-natural approach and a philosophical multidisciplinary approach to global phenomena, allowing sciences to explore universal and other significant problems of our time. Strategic promising areas of research are formulated, developed by the scientific and philosophical school with the support of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Ecological Academy and the country’s leading universities. The article concludes that the productive use of E.S. Demidenko’s concepts demands gathering all mankind’s healthy forces and developing a comprehensive strategy for the socio-biospheric development of Russia and the world.

ETHNOCULTURE OF THE MONGOLS IN THE WORKS OF ORIENTALIST N.Ya. BICHURIN

The article is dedicated to the role of a native of Chuvashia, an outstanding learned monk, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, founder of Russian sinology N.Ya. Bichurin (1777–1853) in the study and popularization of the ethnoculture of the Mongols in the XIX century. Mongol studies date back to the XIII century, the time of Genghis Khan, who created a vast and powerful Mongol Empire. It was a memoir of ambassadors and travelers, Western European Christian missionaries. In the XIX century, the center of world Mongolian studies was concentrated in Russia, where A.L. Leontiev, I.K. Rossokhin, Ya.I. Schmidt, O.A. Kovalevsky, A.V. Popov, I.P. Voytsekhovsky, P.Ya. Petrov and other orientalists were focusing on its problems. They studied languages, history, ethnography, geography of the peoples of China, Mongolia, Tibet, India, Kalmykia, etc. A significant trace in the study of the Mongolian language and ethnoculture was left by Professor of Kazan University O.M. Kovalevsky, a participant of expeditions to Transbaikalia and Mongolia (1828–1833), the author of grammar, anthology, and dictionaries of the Mongolian language. The Kazan school of orientalists included N.Ya. Bichurin (monk Hyacinth), the head of the IX Russian Theological mission in China (1807–1821), and a participant of ethnographic expeditions (1830–1831, 1835–1837). During 1828–1853 he published a number of fundamental works on Oriental studies, including on the ethnoculture of the Mongols and their neighbors: a translation of the “History of the Mongols”, the works “Notes on Mongolia”, “The History of the Four Khans from the Family of Genghis Khan”, “Historical Review of the Oirats or Kalmyks from the XV century to the present time”. He published more than a dozen articles in well-known Russian popular journals. Not all the judgments and conclusions of N.Ya. Bichurin on the ethnogenesis of some Eastern peoples are shared by modern scientists. Nevertheless, his works on China, Mongolia, Tibet, Kalmykia, the Uyghur territories to a certain extent helped the Russian state to learn about the internal and external problems of the Eastern countries and peoples, their original ethnic culture. The learned monk was sympathetic to the peoples of the East and predicted our rapprochement in the historical future. Laureate of four Demidov Prizes, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences N.Ya. Bichurin received well-deserved recognition during his lifetime. Our contemporaries, residents of Chuvashia, with respect and pride treat the heritage of the outstanding countryman N.Ya. Bichurin. Settlements, streets, museums are named after him, monuments and busts are built in his honor, state and public awards (order, medal, pennant, prizes) are established.

The Third International Scientific and Practical Conference Dialogue of Cultures and Civilization

From April 14 to 16, 2022, the Moscow State Linguistic University hosted the 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference Dialogue of Cultures and Civilizations. The event was organized by the Moscow State Linguistic University in cooperation with the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Association of Educational Organizations Scientific and Educational Theological Organization. Researchers from Astrakhan, Voronezh, Kazan, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Syktyvkar, Ufa, Yaroslavl, as well as from China and France took part in the sessions. Those were: Philosophical Search for the Foundations of Language, Culture and Society; Historical and Cultural Heritage and Modern Documentary Sources of Information in Russia and Foreign Countries; Cultural Identity in the Modern World: Analytical Models, Ways of Construction and Forms of Representation; Religious Identity and Theological Discourse in the Context of Modernity; Intellectual Potential Management in Organizational Structures of Digital Economy; Psychology and Pedagogy: Methodology, History, Theory, Practice; Foreign Language in the Sphere of Professional Communication; Physical Safety and National Health. The 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference Dialogue of Cultures and Civilizations became a significant event in the scientific life of the capital, the high content level of which has been repeatedly noted in speeches by leading Russian and foreign researchers, as well as representatives of public authorities.

Межрегиональная научная конференция «Чтения Сейфа Сараи – 2022» (Самарская область, с. Камышла, 17 мая 2022 г.)

On June 15, 2021, within the framework of the Year of Native Languages and Natio­nal Unity in the Republic of Tatarstan, Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences hosted the International Scientific Conference “Medieval Written Heritage of the Tatars” (towards the 700th anniversary of the birth of Saif Sarai). The conference was attended by representatives of various scientific centers: Research Center for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA) at the Organization for Islamic Cooperation, Republican Institute of Higher Education of Belarus, State Historical Museum, Nazarbayev University, University of Wisconsin, Russian Academy of Sciences, G. Ibra­gimov Institute of Language, Literature and Arts of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, and others. The conference covered the following topics: current issues of studying the legacy of Saif Sarai, the reflection of Tatar history in written sources, issues of studying the language of written monuments, literary traditions of medieval Tatars, popularization of the Tatar written heritage, etc. Following the International Scientific Conference, it was decided to continue scientific research and activities related to the work of the medieval Tatar poet Saif Sarai.

Анонимная рукопись «История Крыма» (B 747) из собрания Института восточных рукописей РАН: атрибуция источника

Research objectives: Attribution and description of the anonymous manuscript, conventionally named “History of Crimea”, from the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Research materials: Anonymous manuscript “History of Crimea”, kept in the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the signature B 747. Results and novelty of research: The manuscript is a miscellany of various information about the Crimean Khanate, as well international relations, mainly between Russia and Turkey. In 1881, its Ottoman-Turkish text in Arabic script was published by the famous Russian researcher Vasiliy D. Smirnov (1846–1922), on the basis of the St. Petersburg copy, with corrections made according to the copy kept in Paris. V.D. Smirnov made several assumptions on who was the author of the text. The analysis showed the correctness of one of his assumptions, namely that the author – compiler of the text was Kesbî, the Turkish official from the second half of the eighteenth century. The identification of the author became possible due to the appearance of studies on the written heritage of Kesbi in recent decades, primarily the works of A. Ogreten. The comparison of B 747 with the text of “İbretnüma-yı devlet” (“Instruction to the State”, 1213 AH (1798–99 CE)) published by Ahmet Öğreten in 2002, leaves no doubt that the “History of Crimea” is the St. Petersburg copy of the aforesaid manuscript. In recent years, new hypotheses also appeared concerning the author, disputing the opinion of A. Öğreten and aiming to show that the miscellany was compiled not by Mustafa Kesbî, but by another Ottoman official, who wrote under the pseudonym Kesbî, Mehmed Haşim. At the same time, the text of the St. Petersburg copy of “İbretnüma-yı devlet” published by V.D. Smirnov 140 years ago, as well as the copy of the manuscript kept in Paris, still remains out of sight of Turkish specialists engaged in the study of this written text.

Связь социального капитала с коллективными действиями в молодежной среде. Кейс Вологодской области

This article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the level of social capital of young people in Vologda Oblast and their participation in collective actions. Over the past decades, research in the field of social capital has become more widespread in the scientific community, however, the coronavirus pandemic that has swept the world has additionally actualized the problem of studying the features of the formation of social ties (which are its main source) and finding sources of intangible resources to help the social organism. The information base for the study was a mass public opinion poll conducted by the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. An indicator model for measuring social capital was used to analyze the data. During the study, it was found that the pandemic had a significant impact on the level of social capital not only of the entire population of the region as a whole, but also of young people in particular. At the time of the study, the situation with the level of social capital began to gradually improve, but still has not returned to pre-Covid levels. The existence of a noticeable connection between social capital and participation in collective actions has been confirmed. People with a high level of social capital are noticeably more willing to engage in collective activities and more likely to find like-minded people to organize joint actions, while those with a low level of social capital are more likely to expect that someone else will solve social problems without their involvement. People with high levels of social capital are not only more likely to talk about their readiness for collective action, but they also notice specific cases of participation in real collective action much more often. While self-interest remains the most common motivator for participating in collective action, as respondents build up social capital, they increasingly engage in collective action for reasons unrelated to self-interest.

Дискуссии о методологических основаниях обучения и воспитания в послевоенной советской школе

This article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the level of social capital of young people in Vologda Oblast and their participation in collective actions. Over the past decades, research in the field of social capital has become more widespread in the scientific community, however, the coronavirus pandemic that has swept the world has additionally actualized the problem of studying the features of the formation of social ties (which are its main source) and finding sources of intangible resources to help the social organism. The information base for the study was a mass public opinion poll conducted by the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. An indicator model for measuring social capital was used to analyze the data. During the study, it was found that the pandemic had a significant impact on the level of social capital not only of the entire population of the region as a whole, but also of young people in particular. At the time of the study, the situation with the level of social capital began to gradually improve, but still has not returned to pre-Covid levels. The existence of a noticeable connection between social capital and participation in collective actions has been confirmed. People with a high level of social capital are noticeably more willing to engage in collective activities and more likely to find like-minded people to organize joint actions, while those with a low level of social capital are more likely to expect that someone else will solve social problems without their involvement. People with high levels of social capital are not only more likely to talk about their readiness for collective action, but they also notice specific cases of participation in real collective action much more often. While self-interest remains the most common motivator for participating in collective action, as respondents build up social capital, they increasingly engage in collective action for reasons unrelated to self-interest.

Two new species of the genus Mongolabis Zacher, 1911 (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) from Vietnam

Two new species of the genus Mongolabis Zacher, 1911 are found in Vietnam. Detailed morphological descriptions of Mongolabis abramovi Anisyutkin sp. nov. from North Vietnam (Phansipan Mountain, Hoang Lien National Park) and M. cattienensis Anisyutkin sp. nov. from South Vietnam (Cat Tien National Park) are given. Both species have a protrusion, which articulates the scapus and pedicellus. The holotypes of the new species are deposited at the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg.

Travel Sketches: “A Tourist’s Notes” by Sh.M. Ibragimov as a Source on the History and Geography of the Turkestan Region

The article presents the characteristic of the unfinished and unpublished work Travel Sketches: A Tourists Notes by Sh.M. Ibragimov (18411891), housed at the Archives of the Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ф. 33. Оп. 1. Ед. хр. 225). The authors attempt to show the value of A Tourists Notes as a source on the history, historical geography and ethnography of the Turkestan Region. The text of the Notes also contains information about some aspects of Russian politics in Central Asia and its perception by the local population. It was prepared by a very competent, well-educated and very observant author, a member of the Russian imperial administration in Turkestan. At the same time, due to his ethnic background and religious affiliation, the author was close to the local population. The article describes Sh.M. Ibragimov as a statesman and Orientalist, analyzes his role in the history of Russian Turkestan and Russias relations with the Islamic world in general, as well as his contribution to the Russian Oriental studies.

REGISTRATION OF UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS OF THE NEVADA POLYGON BY SEISMIC STATIONS OF THE SOVIET UNION

The paper presents information from the digitized register of underground nuclear explosions (UNE) of the Nevada test site from 1960 to 1975 stations of the Unitied Geophysical Survey USSR (EGGN USSR), preserved in the archives of the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after M.A. Sadovsky (IDG RAS). Particular attention is paid to the records of those explosions that were registered by one, two or at most three stations. Such reports were checked for the presence of UNE records on seismograms in the archives of the IDG RAS and the Geophysical Survey RAS (FRC GS RAS). For these explosions at the found stations, the travel time of the primary body wave (tp) was obtained. Tables of registration times and travel times for various phases of body waves are compiled. This material is intended to be the publication of a part of the consolidated catalog of registered UNEs of the Nevada test site to replenish the database on the travel times of seismic waves collected over the past two decades.

The Siberian Experiment in the History of the Soviet Academic Community: Everyday and Gender Aspects

This article studies a unique page in the history of Soviet academic life, the attempt to create especially favourable living conditions for scientific work in the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok (literally, Academic Town) as reflected in the memory of its first settlers in the 1950s‑1960s. The details of their everyday life, such as living in panel barracks, family self-organisation for supplying and providing food, caring for and educating children, and organising cultural life receive new meanings within the framework of “everyday life studies” and gender anthropology. Having processed memories, personal correspondence kept in the Open Archive of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, video materials, and press data, the authors try to prove that the creators of Akademgorodok did their best to avoid formal restrictions imposed on women’s professional self-realisation. Also, the authors seek to answer whether a scientific career was an end in itself for women, to what extent it was possible to go through the “glass ceiling” (which was stronger at higher levels of the career ladder and much easier to break at the beginning), and how desirable the prospect of professional growth was for women in an exceptional domestic environment. On the basis of oral and written testimonies left by the women scientists who lived and worked in the Akademgorodok, the article recreates the picture of changes in everyday life, their impact on scientific work or the formal presence of women in the Novosibirsk academic community, and on leisure and recreation for their families. It also analyses the social infrastructure and the colour of cultural life that contributed to (and sometimes opposed) women’s professional growth. The multiple differences in the living conditions of women scientists in the early history of Akademgorodok appear to have caused differences in the life and professional strategies of those from those in the capital: their desire to save their marriages, play the role of housewives, and, in the families of famous and high-status scientists, to perform representative functions. The authors believe that the above patterns impeded the development of women’s scientific careers for reasons no other than a special spirit of collectivism and quasi-family mutual support in an atmosphere where there was no need to think about personal academic ambitions. Most of the scientists’ wives and the scientists themselves worked without setting ambitious goals of conquering the academic Olympus, nor they did admit to dreams of moving to the capitals or research centres abroad. Having lived all their lives in the Akademgorodok, they turned out to be the main keepers of the historical memory of the everyday changes in the scientific city, the creation of which could not be repeated either in Troitsk near Moscow or much later in Skolkovo.