Russian Academy Of Science Research Articles

Features of statistics of visits to physical sites using the example of the scientific and educational portal “Great Russian Encyclopedia” and the website of the journal Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk

On February 13, 2024, the 99th anniversary of the “Great Russian Encyclopedia” (GRE) (the successor of the “Great Soviet Encyclopedia”) was celebrated. However, it was only in 2020 that work began on the scientific and educational GRE portal, which was launched in test mode on May 26, 2022 (https://bigenc.ru/). By the editorial staff of “Physical Sciences”, to date, about 2,000 articles written by outstanding physicists and selected by the representative Editorial Board have been posted on the portal. The partners of the portal are reputable scientific and educational organizations: the Russian Academy of Science (RAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), other leading universities of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Academy of Education. The priorities of the GRE portal are reliability and accessibility. The paper presents statistics of visits to the GRE portal over the past two years. Another important electronic resource dedicated to the physical sciences and therefore analyzed jointly with the editorial board of the GRE “Physical Sciences” is the journal Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (UFN). The first issue of the UFN was published in April 1918, and the UFN website (www.ufn.ru) was opened on December 26, 1994. Since 1995, there have been statistics of visits to the UFN website, which, for the first time, allowed the UFN Editorial Board to find out how many readers it has, who they are, where they come from, what their interests and preferences are? By 2016, DOI was assigned to the entire archive of articles from the UFN in both Russian and English. By April 2024, 1075 issues of the UFN containing 11,819 articles (cited 164,216 times, data collected by DOI) written by 8,799 authors were posted on the UFN website, and 405,365,547 times visited the semantic pages of the site. Statistics of visits to the UFN website and its features in recent years will be covered in this article.The statistics of visits to the GRE Portal and the UFN website demonstrate the growing society’s request for reliable, time-tested information supported by the reputation of the editorial board and publishing houses.

Description of a new species of the genus Polycaena Staudinger, 1886 (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae) from China with designation of lectotype of Polycaena lua Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

A new species, Polycaena eckweileri sp. n., is described from Gansu Province, China. Based on the analysis of the barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene, the new species belongs to the P. lama Leech, 1893 species group. The new species differs from all the known species of the genus in peculiar characters of the male genitalia. Polycaena eckweileri sp. n. is known to date only from the type locality in Têwo County. The phylogenetic reconstruction of the main lineages of the genus Polycaena based on analysis of a 658 bp region of the COI mitochondrial gene is provided for the first time. Lectotype of Polycaena lua Grum-Grshimailo, 1891 is designated from a series of syntypes deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia.

P. consortial associations of insects (Insecta) and springtails (Collembola) with Trollius asiaticus L. (Ranunculaceae)

Consortial associations of insects and springtails with the Asian globe ower, Trollius asiaticus L. (Ranunculaceae), were investigated in nature and in the Bioresource Scienti c Collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science (USU № 440534) from 2017 till 2021. 106 invertebrate species have been revealed, which have been classi ed into the following groups: (1) anthophiles, (2) herbivores (phyllophages and carpophages), (3) de tritophages, and (4) entomophages. The consort diversity is highest in the period of owering with predominance of the anthophiles, including pollinators and nectarophages. Seeds are damaged by the larvae of the y genus Chiastocheta (Anthomyiidae) and numerous heteropterans. The injury by phyllophages is insigni cant.

Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Academic Mobility Research from 2010 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis Using CiteSpace

Academic mobility, given its importance in the dissemination of knowledge and globalization of research collaboration, has received growing attention over the past decades. Based on a bibliometric analysis of the literature on academic mobility (119) from 343 journal articles in Web of Science over the period of 2010 to 2020 with the use of CiteSpace, this paper outlines the research intellectual map, such as the most active contemporary institutions, journals, and popular regions/countries; dissects the network of categories and summarizes the emerging trends and future research opportunities for academic mobility. The results of the study are: (1) England is the most productive region followed by China and Netherlands in terms of publication; (2) Utrecht University, The Polytechnic University of Valencia, and Russian Academy of Science are the most productive institutions; (3) The publications are mainly in the subject categories of Education, Business and Economics, and Geography; (4) Gender, scientific practice, brain drain are the main keywords for discussion; and (5) Louise Ackers is the most influential author in this field and International Migration Journal is the most frequently cited journal over the past decade. Our paper contributes to the relevant body of literature by systematizing the literature on academic mobilities through CiteSpace, a visualized analytical tool for undertaking bibliometric analysis, providing valuable references for researchers and practitioners who want to further explore this knowledge area.

Oncostatin M is associated with adverse left ventricular remodeling in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Introduction The development of adverse left ventricular remodeling (LVR) after myocardial infarction (MI) remains a significant problem despite current achievements in invasive and pharmacological treatment. A large number of biomarkers are known that reflect various processes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the pathogenesis of MI and the development of adverse cardiovascular events in the post-infarction period. Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine of the interleukin-6 family that is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and takes part in processes of inflammation, tissue regeneration, cell development and growth. Purpose To assess the dynamics of serum levels of OSM and its association with the development of adverse left ventricular remodeling in the long-term post-infarction period in patients with acute primary myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI). Methods Subjects were 21 patients (59.2±8.1 y.o.) with STEMI, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention during the first 24 h of the onset of MI. The serum level of OSM and echocardiography with 2D speckle tracking imaging were assessed at days 1 and 6 months after STEMI. The criterion of adverse LVR is an increased of end-diastolic (EDV) or/and end-systolic (ESV) volume more than 20% from admission to 6 month period. Results A significant increase of the serum levels of OSM during the first 24 hours of MI was detected [46.9 (18.9; 75.7)] pg/ml. A decrease of the OSM levels in 6 months after STEMI was revealed [13.1 (6.9; 19.6)] pg/ml (p<0.0005). Correlation analysis showed strong positive association between the values of OSM with Troponin I (R=0.797 p=0.0001) and Nt-proBNP (R=0,713 p=0.0013). The relationship between OSM and Troponin I persisted in the long-term post-infarction period (R=0.751, p=0.0005). An inverse correlation between the OSM, measured at admission to hospital and the left ventricular ejection fraction at day 7 after MI was found (R=−0.63, p=0.023). Logistic regression analysis showed that the values of OSM at day 1 of the MI were associated with development of adverse LVR in the long term after STEMI. OSM level of more than 18.4 pg/ml at a time of admission was associated with the increased of ESV in 6 months after STEMI by more than 20% (p<0.05). Conclusions Our study showed the serum levels of OSM statistically significantly decreased in 6 months after STEMI. The content of OSM was positive associated with Troponin I and Nt-proBNP. Elevated levels of OSM were associated with an increase of ESV in 6 months after STEMI. The serum levels of OSM can be used to predict of adverse remodeling in patients undergoing STEMI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science

International Dialogue on Preservation of The Cultural Heritage of Russia (Surgut, 2021)

On May 4, 2021, an international scientific and practical conference Preservation of the cultural heritage of Russia was held in Surgut. Masters and young scientists from Russia, the USA, Northern Ireland, Spain, Italy, Estonia and Moldova took part in the conference to gain new experience and share findings of their research on the topic. The main theme stated in the name of the conference determined its theoretical and practical focus. The conference comprised two major sections — Topical issues of preserving Russian culture and Implementation of projects for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage in Russia and abroad. N. K. Murnova opened the plenary meeting with a talk about Doctor of History Tatiana Vyacheslavovna Tobolina and her contribution to the study of Russian emigration of the 20th century. Orthodox Archpriest G. A. Zavershinskiy presented his books on history and religion. One of the key ideas of his report is that the common dichotomy of East and West is no longer viable and should be rejected in favor of antinomy and analogy of cognition. K. A. Frolova representing the Department of international relations of the Orthodox Church spoke about the problem of anti-Russia prejudice and integrity of Russian culture. Delegates representing MGIMO University (Moscow, Russia) presented their reports on periodicals published by Russian emigrants, identity as a general phenomenon, local museums preserving memories of unique events in regional history. Doctor of Philosophy V. S. Glagolev turned to the dimentiality of seeing beauty depending on historical and cultural peculiarities. N. L. Krylov from the Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Science devoted his report to the role of women in the conservation of Russian language and traditions in Northern African countries: Russian-speaking women living in Africa manage to assimilate in their countries of residence and nevertheless preserve their Russian identity. Moreover, they take an active part in social and religious local organizations. The conference gave a platform for many other exciting reports on tourism, museology, religious art and education. It was a special joy to hear a talk by T. D. Dzenlyuk, a fourth-generation Russian emigrant, about the work of an Orthodox church in Miami, USA, and the lifestyle of Russian emigrants there. The conference was rich in fascinating reports on diverse topics and ended with a folk concert.

Rearing of broiler chickens with the use of different technological modes of biocidal means

Water is a serious vector of transmission of pathogenic bacteria. The quality of drinking water supplied to the drinking system when raising broiler chickens is one of the main афсещкs for the efficient production of poultry meat. With intensive poultry management when a large number of livestock is concentrated in one territory, it is necessary to pay special attention to the microflora of indoor air. The main sources of pollution are the poultry itself, feed and litter. The purpose of the research was to develop technological modes of using drug Anolit ANK SUPER in the rearing of broiler chickens. The research has been carried out on broiler chickens of the cross «Ross 308». The conditions of housing and feeding with the exception of the studied factor were the same for all groups of poultry and corresponded to the recommendations of the Federal Scientific Center «All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry» of Russian Academy of Science. The series of five experiments on the use of the neutral anolyte Anolit ANK SUPER was carried out in the work. It has been proposed to determine the quality of the preparation of the system of drinking lines in poultry premises using the System SURE Plus device (luminometer) and the Ultra Snap test. Experiment 5 has been carried out to study the effect of aerosol air treatment of poultry premises in the presence of poultry with the neutral anolyte on the concentration of microorganisms in the air of the poultry house and the productivity of broilers. The expediency of using the Anolit ANK SUPER drug for the sanitation of the drinking system in poultry premises has been determined. Comparative tests of the effectiveness of the drugs Anolit ANK SUPER, CID 2000 and DUTRION have been conducted. The features of various technological modes of using the Anolit ANK SUPER product in the rearing of broiler chickens have been shown and the effectiveness of their use has been established.

Second Readings in Memory of V. Bibikhin: Reflection of the Event: International Scientific Conference

The article presents a review of the international conference Second Readings in Memory of V.V.Bibikhin, organized with the participation of the Institute of Philosophy (Russian Academy of Science) and the Schools of Philosophy and Culturology (HSE), which was held in Bezhetsk on December 10-12, 2020.

Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Heavy Lanthanides (Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Tm)

Rare earth metals (REM) occupy a special and important place in our lives. This became especially noticeable during the rapid development of industry in the industrial era of the twentieth century. The tendency of development of the rare-earth metals market certainly remains in the XXI century. According to experts estimates the industry demand for chemical compounds based on them will tend to grow during the nearest years until it reaches the market balance. At the same time, the practical use of high-purity rare-earth metals requires the most accurate understanding of the physical properties of metals, especially magnetic ones. Despite a certain decline in interest in the study of high-purity REM single crystals during the last decade, a number of scientific groups (Ames Lab, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Russian Academy of Science (RAS)) are still conducting high-purity studies on high-purity metal samples. The present article is a combination of a review work covering the analysis of the main works devoted to the study of heavy REMs from gadolinium to thulium, as well as original results obtained at MSU. The paper considers the electronic properties of metals in terms of calculating the density of states, analyzes the regularities of the magnetic phase diagrams of metals, gives the original dependences of the Neel temperature and tricritical temperatures for Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Tm, and also introduces a phenomenological parameter that would serve as an indicator of the phase transformation in heavy REMs.

За манипулативното въздействие на рекламата върху общественото съзнание (на базата на материал от българските медии)

Background: Advertisemments today play an exceptionally important role in the life of our society. By their concise form they draw the attention of people and stimulate them to buy goods and products and use various services. The role, functions, types and the importance of advertising messages attract the interest of specialists of various scientific fields in different countries. Almost all studies confirm the opinion that advertisements, besides being motivating and inducing, they also have manipulating function. Purpose: The aim of the present work is to study the manipulating impact of advertisements on public consciousness by various ways: verbal, visual etc., the stress being on language means (epithets, metaphores, antonyms, play upon words etc.). The object of the present study were advertisements in different Bulgarian media (by press and radio, television, internet). Results: This study proves that advertisements are given considerable place in electronic media and play an important role in the life of people mainly due to the language means used, thus becoming a powerful instrument for influencing society. A key point presented in the study is that users, young people in particular, do not trust much advertisement texts. This observation is based on the results of an inquiry among students which also show that interesting advertisements, while otherwise attractive and well-formed lexically, do not correspond to the actual quality of the products advertised. This ultimately leads to mistrust towards advertisements and advertisers iN general. Prognosis is made that in the future fewer people will trust advertisements no matter how vividly and emotionally effectively they are presented. Key words: advertisements, manipulation, language means, epithets, signal words, play upon words Bondgolova, V., 2007. The play on words in advertisement texts. TMG. XXXI, issue 2, Nish, April-June 2007, 401-419. Available at: http://teme2.junis.ni.ac.rs/public/journals/1/ previousissues/teme2-2007/teme2-2007-15.pdf. [Visited on March 5, 2021]. (In Bulgarian) Bondgolova, V., 2015. Characteristics of advertisement language and style. Lexical aspect. Veliko Tarnovo: Faber. (In Bulgarian) Bonev, B., 2017. Advertising of medicines and additives – the new opium for people. Available at: http://www.pharmacy-bg.com/novini/reklamata-nа-lekarstva-i-dobavki-noviyat-opium-za-naroda [Visited on April 10, 2021]. (In Bulgarian) Ivanov, L. Yu., Skovorodnikov, A. P. and Shiryaev, E. N., editors, 2003. Culture of Russian speech. Encyclopaedic dictionary and reference book. V. V. Vinogradov institute of Russian language at Russian academy of science, “Flinta” publishers, “Moscow” pub-lishers. (In Russian) Kaftandgiev, H., 2008. Harmony in advertising communication. Sofia: Siela soft and publishing. (In Bulgarian) Kara-Murza, S. Manipulation of consciousness. Available at: http: //www. klex.ru/65 [Visited on April 12, 2021]. (In Russian) Koltyisheva, E. Yu., 2008. Manipulating effect of contemporary advertisement texts: based on publications in lustrous women’s magazines in English. Academic philological work for acquiring M. A. degree, Yaroslavl. Available at: http://www.dissercat.com/content/ manipulyativnoe-vozdeistvie-v-sovremennom-reklamnom-tekste-na-materiale angloyazychnykh-glya. [Visited on April 12, 2021]. (In Russian) Manolov, E. L., 2017. Political advertisement. Between reality and manipulation. So-fia: published by Higher school of security and economics. (In Bulgarian) Panayotov, Kr., 2013. A study on the language of present day Bulgarian advertise-ments. In: M. Parzulova, compiler and chief editor. Bulgarian language at the beginning of the XXI century – a reflection of socal changes. Veliko Tarnovo: Published by “Znak’94”, pp.82–94. (In Bulgarian) Parzulova, M., 2016. Analysis of the results of an enquiry among students from Prof. Assen Zlatarov University in Burgas concerning “Place and role of media in students’ life”. In: M. Parzulova, editor. Media in students’ life and students about media. Scholarly re-search project. Veliko Tarnovo: Published by “Znak’94”, pp.10–36. (In Bulgarian) Vangelov, N., 2019. Ethics in advertising communication. Philosophical alternatives magazine. 4, pp.29–36. (In Bulgarian)

Дефекты межслоевой поверхности и термоэлектрические свойства в слоистых пленках топологических изоляторов n-Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-2.7-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-0.15-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-0.15-=/SUB=-

Interlayer surface defects and thermoelectric properties in layered films of n-Bi2Te2.7Se0.15S0.15 topological insulators L. N. Lukyanova*, O. A. Usov, M. P. Volkov, V. A. Rusakov Ioffe Institute Russian academy of science, 194021 St.Petersburg, Russia *E-mail: lidia.lukyanova@mail.ioffe.ru Abstract In layered films of n-Bi2Te2.7Se0.15S0.15 topological insulators optimized for temperatures below room temperature, the morphology of the (0001) interlayer surface and thermoelectric properties were studied. On the profiles of the (0001) surface, we identified neutral impurity defects arising from the substitution of Se and S atoms for Te atoms and donor antisite defects of tellurium at bismuth sites, which affect the thermoelectric properties. The average value of thermoelectric figure of merit in n-Bi2Te2.7Se0.15S0.15 films increases to <Z> ≈ 3.0•10-3 K-1 in the range 80 – 215 K, while in bulk solid solution <Z> ≈ 2.0•10-3 K-1. An increase in the thermoelectric figure of merit in films is associated with an increase in the energy dependence of the relaxation time due to an increase in the effective scattering parameter reff. It is shown that in films the Seebeck coefficient, the density of states effective mass m/m0, and the material parameter proportional to the power factor increase, while the lattice κL and electronic thermal conductivity κe decrease, which determines the increase in thermoelectric figure of merit.

Features of the introduction of ornamental herbaceous plants native to the Russian Far East region in Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, at Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Science

Based on a long-term introduction study of the species native to the Russian Far East region, a representative collection was collected, including a wide range of ecological groups. On the basis of the conducted research, the peculiarities of the preservation of individual species in the collection fund (the ability to persist in culture for a long time, vegetative renewal, self-seeding) are revealed. It is noted that for a number of species, in addition to active vegetative overgrowth, mass self-seeding is also noted. Despite the prospects of such species in the introduction work, they can pose a potential threat to invasion. That is why only those species that are not characterized by regular and mass self-seeding are recommended for use in urban landscaping.

Liebenberg, Ian, Jorge Risquet and Vladimir Shubin (eds), A Far-away War: Angola, 1975-1989. Stellenbosch: Sun Press 2015, 207 pp.

This publication, which consists of an Introduction and eight chapters by different authors, appeared at the time of the 40th anniversary of the entry of South Africa into the Angolan war. It is short but packed with useful information and well-documented with photos, geographical and combat maps, an extensive bibliography of 35 pages, political cartoons and posters,historical surveys and statistics. Edited by the South African Ian Liebenberg (Director of the Centre for Military Studies at the Military Academy in Stellenbosch), the Cuban Jorge Risquet (who participated in the 1988 Angolan peace talks), and the Russian Vladimir Shubin (former Deputy Director of the Institute for African Studies at the Russian Academy of Science), A Far-Away War sheds new light on this prolonged conflict, focusing on the involvement of South-Africa, Cuba, Russia and East-Germany.In doing so, it opens new perspectives and widens the understanding of the struggle for liberation in Southern Africa, not only for the average history and politics reader but also, as a very useful reference book, for the more advanced researcher and academic.

Establishment of Permafrost Thermal Monitoring Sites in East Siberia

Permafrost lies close to the surface of the day, therefore, it is able to quickly respond to modern climatic changes. Under these conditions, the goal of understanding the evolution of permafrost in the near future requires monitoring studies of the current state of permafrost and, first of all, its thermal conditions. In this work, based on the experience of many years of research at the Melnikov Permafrost Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science (MPI SB RAS), methodological and technical issues of equipping experimental sites for monitoring the thermal state of permafrost in Eastern Siberia are considered. It is demonstrated that the reliability of permafrost thermal monitoring depends not only on measurement devices used but also on proper borehole system design and adequate choice of a method for active-layer thickness measurement depending on soil composition and properties. The use of protective tubes significantly lengthens the life of sensors in soils. A method of protecting the loggers from surface waters is recommended.

Урожайность сортов донника белого однолетнего в зависимости от действия препаратов для обработки семян и вегетирующих растений в лесостепи Самарского Заволжья

Исследования проводились в Поволжском НИИСС – филиале СамНЦ РАН в 2018–2019 годах. В статье представлены результаты лабораторных и полевых опытов по изучению влияния предпосевной обработки семян и листовой подкормки вегетирующих растений физиологически активными препаратами на особенности продукционного процесса донника белого однолетнего. Под влиянием обработки семян изучаемыми препаратами увеличивалась энергия прорастания семян на 2–10% и всхожесть — на 1–3%. Морфометрическая оценка проростков донника показала, что обработка препаратами «Витанолл-N» и «Гумостим» способствовала увеличению длины проростков на 7,9–14,0%. Наибольшее влияние на рост и развитие корневой системы оказывали регулятор роста «Мивал-Агро» (превышение над контрольным вариантом составило 24,8–29,3%), комплексное микроудобрение «Витанолл-N» (обеспечило увеличение массы корешков на 25,6–41,5%), вариант с применением гуминового удобрения «Гумостим» превышал контроль по данному показателю на 27,0–27,2%. Максимальное влияние на продуктивность среднеспелого сорта Поволжский оказывали регулятор роста «Мивал-Агро» (превышение относительно контроля составило 20,9%) и гуминовое удобрение «Гумостим» (превышение 27,4%). У скороспелого сорта Средневолжский наиболее эффективными были варианты с внесением комплексного удобрения «Витанолл-N» и гуминового удобрения «Гумостим»: прибавка относительно контроля составила 17,6–25,1%. Анализ результатов лабораторных и полевых опытов показал достаточно высокую корреляционную зависимость между морфометрическими показателями проростков и урожайностью зелёной массы сортов донника однолетнего. У изучаемых сортов наибольшая связь урожайности установлена с длиной корешка (r = 0,71–0,72) и массой корешков (r = 0,66–0,84). В меньшей степени продуктивность сопряжена с параметрами надземной части проростков. У обоих сортов отмечена средняя положительная связь с массой ростков (r = 0,35–0,50). The investigation took place in the Volga Research Institute of Plant Breeding and Seed Science in 2018–2019. This paper reports on lab and field experiments studying the influence of seed and foliar treatment by physiologically active preparations on productivity of annual white melilot. Seed treatment improved seed vigor by 2–10% and germination ability — by 1–3%. “Vitanoll-N” and “Gumostim” preparations increased germ length by 7.9–14.0%. The following preparations had the highest effect on root growth and development: “Mival-Agro” growth regulator — by 24.8–29.3%, “Vitanoll-N” complex microfertilizer — by 25.6–41.5%, “Gumostim” humic fertilizer — by 27.0–27.2%. Mid-season “Povolzhskiy” variety yielded the best after “Mival-Agro” and “Gumostim” applications. The yield increase amounted to 20.9 and 27.4%, respectively. Short-season “Srednevolzhskiy” variety performed the best after “Vitanoll-N” and “Gumostim” treatment: yield increased by 17.6–25.1%. Analyses showed high correlation between germ morphology and green mass productivity. The highest correlation was determined between productivity and root length (r = 0.71–0.72) or weight (r = 0.66–0.84). Germ top characteristics had weaker correlation with crop yield. Both varieties showed moderate correlation between their yield and root weight (r = 0,35–0,50).

О коллективом труде Отдела русской классической литературы ИМЛИ РАН «Очерки истории русской публицистики первой трети XIX века»

В статье представлен анонс готовящегося в Отделе русской классической литературы ИМЛИ РАН коллективного труда «Очерки истории русской публицистики первой трети XIX века». Он является продолжением ранее изданного первого тома серии — «Очерков истории русской публицистики XVIII века». Новый выпуск подготовлен силами сотрудников группы по изучению истории русской литературы XVIII–XIX вв. под руководством безвременно ушедшего ведущего научного сотрудника Отдела, д.ф.н. Н. Д. Блудилиной (1957–2017), которая являлась его инициатором. Представляемый труд не имеет аналогов в современном литературоведении: объектом изучения стала отечественная публицистика, представленная как целостное явление русской литературы. Авторский коллектив рассматривает публицистику как особый вид словесности, связанный преимущественно со сферой мыслей и идей, которые преобладают в этом особом жанре над художественным способом постижения мира. Ориентированная на освещение актуальных вопросов политики, экономики, литературы и искусства, публицистика имеет целью оказать непосредственное влияние на формирование общественного сознания. Приоритетной задачей авторов было исследование важных и наименее изученных произведений публицистики первой трети XIX в. с опорой на редкие печатные источники, малодоступные материалы. В статье представлен краткий обзор выводов, сделанных исследователями в работе с публицистическими источниками.

Study of the Variability of Spring Breakup Dates and Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex Parameters from Simulation and Reanalysis Data

Five 50-year simulations for the 5th version of the climate model of the Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Science (INM RAS), are used to analyze the interannual variability of Arctic stratospheric polar vortex and dates of spring breakup events (springtime transition) in comparison with reanalysis data. Early spring breakup events are accompanied by stronger wave activity in comparison with late ones. Winter seasons with the maximal air volume in the polar stratosphere and conditions sufficient for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds are characterized by relatively early spring breakup events.

Продуктивность совместных посевов кукурузы с многолетними культурами в лесостепи Западной Сибири

В статье представлены результаты исследований за 2013–2015 годы по возделыванию кукурузы в совместных посевах с многолетними бобовыми травами (клевером, люцерной, эспарцетом) в условиях лесостепной зоны Западной Сибири. Изучены закономерности роста, формирования урожайности, а также питательность зелёной массы кукурузы при совместном возделывании на разных фонах (с подкашиванием и без него). Наблюдение за ростом и развитием изучаемых культур показало существенное угнетающее влияние всех многолетних трав на рост и развитие кукурузы. Так, 15 июля высота кукурузы в одновидовых посевах составляла в среднем 71 см, в совместных — 42 см. Доля кукурузы в общей биомассе совместных посевов в этот период не превышала 10%. Проведение подкашивания улучшило условия произрастания кукурузы, особенно в вариантах с врезанием кукурузы в рядовые посевы люцерны и клевера. В результате к уборке 3 сентября высота кукурузы в этих вариантах была на 22 см выше по сравнению с кукурузой без подкашивания. Установлено, что максимальная урожайность в совместных посевах была сформирована кукурузой с клевером — до 19,1 т/га зелёной и 5,64 т/га сухой массы. Посевы с люцерной и эспарцетом показали более низкую урожайность — в пределах 15,4–16,3 т/га зелёной и 4,38–4,39 т/га сухой массы. Черезрядное размещение культур (70 см) привело к существенному снижению сбора сухой массы по сравнению с рядовым посевом культур и посевом с междурядьями 35 см в связи с увеличением доли кукурузы в общей биомассе до 31–38%. The article reports on maize cultivated with perennial legume grasses (clover, alfalfa, sainfoin) in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2013–2015. Growth, yield, and nutritional value of maize green mass were tested on different backgrounds (with and without top cutting). All the grasses negatively affected maize growth and development. On the 15th of July maize height reached 72 cm in the control and 42 cm — in mixtures. Maize proportion in total biomass was below 10%. Top cutting improved maize performance, particularly in mixtures with alfalfa and clover. As a result, maize height in these variants exceeded the ones without top cutting by 22 cm by the 3rd of September. Maize combination with clover provided the highest yield among the mixed stands — up to 19.1 t ha-1 of green mass and 5.64 t ha-1 of dry mass. Alfalfa and sainfoin mixtures showed the lowest productivity — 15.4–16.3 t ha-1 of green mass and 4.38–4.39 t ha-1 of dry mass. Skip-row planting (70 cm) led to the significant reduction in dry mass compared to row planting or the one with the inter-row space of 35 cm due to the increase in maize proportion up to 31–38% in total biomass.

Atmospheric parameters at the 6-m Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal site

ABSTRACT In this paper, we introduce the results of the statistical analysis of atmospheric characteristics at the site of the Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal (BTA) of the Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS). The BTA is the largest optical telescope in Eurasia and is located near Mt Pastukhova in the northern part of the Caucasus Mountains, at an altitude of 2070 m above sea level. The atmosphere of the Earth is a major challenge for observing and it limits the quality of astronomical images obtained by ground-based telescopes. The study of the atmosphere above astronomical observatories is important for the planning of observing time, for the optimization of instrument performance and for the development of adaptive optics systems. We discuss the results of a study of the meteorological conditions at the BTA site: total cloud cover, wind speed at the pressure level of 200 hPa, vertical motions, vertical profiles of the wind speed employing data from the ERA-Interim and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) re-analysis data bases.

“The United States of America in 2020” (a Round-Table Discussion)

A brief report on the conduct of the scientific event in the “round table” format on the topic “The United States of America in 2019”. A Round-Table discussion was organized by the Council of Young Scientists of the Institute for the U.S. and Canadian Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISKRAN). The participants are graduate students and young researches of ISKRAN, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN), Institute of Latin American Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (ILA RAN), Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Science (IE RAS), Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Science (IAS RAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far-East, Far- Eastern Branch of the RAS (IHAE FEBRAS). The event was held in a remote format on the ZOOM platform.