Rural Village Development Research Articles

“The Impact of Participation in The MGNREGS On Beneficiaries-A Study in Select Districts of Telangana”

Since backward and rural employment and village development are essential to India's growth, the MGNREGA actively promotes backward and rural development by hiring unskilled labor. The MGNREGA helps BPL families by filling in the gaps in inflation and giving them seasonal work during dry spells. MGNREGS offers beneficiaries a chance to advance their socioeconomic status.
 Objectives of the present study: To study the impact t of no of years, no of days and daily wages received of beneficiaries on economic, social and living status of beneficiaries. 
 Methodology: the study is depending on primary data source and data is collected with the help of structured schedule. For the study sample size is 364 respondents. The methods used in this research is regression model with help of SPSS. Findings: The result of the study are about 53% of the living status of the beneficiaries is impacted by the daily wages received the impact is also statistical significant and about 70% of the social status of the beneficiaries is impacted by the daily wages received,
 Suggestions: It is suggested that the wage rates under the MGNREGS need to be revised periodically to improve the living status of the beneficiaries.

Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Rural Tourism Villages: A Case Study of Ngargoretno Village, Indonesia

The development of rural tourism villages has emerged as a significant alternative in transforming subsistence agriculture patterns in rural areas, often characterized by irregular income streams that barely sustain basic needs. The trend of rural tourism village development is observed in many subsistence farming communities, leveraging the unique potential of natural and cultural resources that can be tapped through village fund utilization. The initiation of rural tourism village development in Ngargoretno Village began with community-driven efforts and a communal spirit to realize the concept of such a village. The village authorities also provided support by allocating village funds and empowerment activities, including training sessions for the youth who play a pivotal role in driving rural tourism village development. This research aims to describe the collaborative efforts between the community and village authorities in realizing rural tourism villages and identify the success factors in rural tourism village development. This research adopts a qualitative approach, with data collection conducted through observations and interviews with key stakeholders from the community and village authorities involved in rural tourism village development. The theoretical foundation of this research lies in empowerment theory, emphasizing the involvement of various stakeholders, including village authorities, educational institutions, and community organizations in rural tourism village development. The findings reveal active community involvement in infrastructure development such as roads, enhancement of tourist attractions through cleaning and painting marble, and the establishment of public facilities such as toilets. Furthermore, partnerships with educational institutions like Universitas Gadjah Mada and the Magelang Tourism Office have enriched tourism packages by introducing additional attractions such as tea plantation tours and religious tourism and promoting local cuisine. The development of rural tourism villages is also expected to increase the income of Ngargoretno Village residents through a rise in tourist visits from outside the village and the creation of new employment opportunities for the younger generation. Optimism persists, fueled by the enthusiastic spirit of village authorities and the community in developing the concept of rural tourism villages.

Spatial Morphological Characteristics of Ethnic Villages in the Dadu River Basin, a Sino-Tibetan Area of Sichuan, China

Analysis of spatial patterns and driving factors of different ethnic villages under regional integration is important for the conservation and development of ethnic villages. This article takes seven multi-ethnic villages in the Dadu River Basin of Ganzi Prefecture as an example; we employ a quantitative model of spatial syntax based on the theory of figure–ground relationship to link the tangible and intangible spaces. The results reveal the logical context and formation mechanism among the overall layout, residential architecture, and public space of the villages. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The site of different ethnic villages reflects commonality. (2) The spatial configurations of the villages are significantly influenced by the surrounding natural environment, with significant differences. Cluster-concentrated villages exhibit the smallest expansion trend, rich spatial levels, and strong ethnic territoriality; strip-intensive villages have the largest scale and the strongest permeability; and radiation-dispersion villages have variable expansion directions and architectural relationships among residents. (3) Both of the participants’ selection behaviors and residential spaces constitute the internal structure for the ethnic culture, which is driven by the humanistic spirit and force of social order, making the spatial morphology a diversified and multi-layered characteristic. (4) The rural space has gradually changed from a single residential unit to a complex unit with multiple functions. The findings extend the scope of research to ethnic villages in watersheds and provide a theoretical and practical basis for the development of other similar rural villages.

A temporal–spatial analysis on the socioeconomic development of rural villages in Thailand and Vietnam based on satellite image data

Obtaining accurate and timely estimates of socio-economic status at fine geographical resolutions is essential for global sustainable development and the fight against poverty. However, data related to local socio-economic dynamics in rural villages is often either unavailable or outdated. To fill this gap, predicting local economic well-being with satellite imagery and machine learning has shown promising results. While most state-of-the-art analyses focus on predicting the levels of socio-economic status, finding temporal changes in rural villages’ economic well-being is essential for tracking the impacts of public policies (targeting e.g., poverty alleviation or access to various public services). In this paper, we propose an approach that utilizes pixel-wise differences in satellite images to classify temporal changes in average and median consumption expenditures (and income) in rural villages in Thailand and Vietnam between 2007 and 2017. This approach is shown to be able to distinguish between “Decline”, “Stagnation” and “Growth” in these outcomes with an F1 score of up to 63.2% using an Extreme Gradient Boosting Classifier model. In addition, we employ regression-based approaches which achieve an R2 of up to 39.5% when predicting actual changes in these outcomes with an Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressor. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of satellite-based estimates for measuring changes in local socio-economic dynamics.

Towards development of a national human settlement layer using high resolution imagery: a contribution to SDG reporting

This study investigated the automation of the building extraction using SPOT 6 satellite imagery. The proposed methodology uses variance textural information derived from 1.5m panchromatic image to detect built-up areas from non-built-up areas. Once detected, detailed segmentation is performed on built-up class to create individual building objects. Canny edges, SAVI and spectral properties of the objects were used to classify building structures from other land use features using a thresholding technique. The methodology was tested in different areas including formal, rural village and informal and new development settlement types without modifying segmentation and classification parameters. The proposed methodology successfully detected built-up from non built-up areas in all different settlement types. The detection of individual structures achieved more than 70% in formal, rural village and new development areas while less than 50% of building structures in informal settlement were detected. The proposed method can contribute towards monitoring of human settlement developments over a larger area which is vital during spatial planning, service delivery and environmental management. This work will contribute towards the development of a National Human Settlement Layer developed and maintained by SANSA.

Evaluating of the sustainability of complex rural ecosystems during the transition from agricultural villages to tourist destinations and modern agri-food systems

Many agricultural villages have transformed from traditional agricultural communities into tourist destinations to eliminate the progressive degradation, abandonment, ecological and social crises that threaten sustainable development. Today rural villages are complex ecosystems that represent the result of the historical relationship between man and nature in the socio-economic dimension. A tool for assessing the sustainability of rural villages is the analysis of the interaction between man and the environment. Preserving healthy rural ecosystems, in dynamic balance with the interrelation between social development and the functioning of the natural ecosystem is an indispensable goal of sustainable development. All this leads to what the current traditional economic studies have ignored namely the study of the reasons of the economic reference indicators to suggest technical solutions, change strategies and sustainability for rural governance systems within of social development. This article proposes an economic study approach that integrates social and economic evaluation to research sustainable development models and socio-economic factors to achieve the well-being of the rural system. Considering Borgo Parrini, located in Sicily, the historical analysis has been combined with the social-economic one and linked to models of social development (traditional agriculture, industrialized agriculture and commercial tourism). Based on the methodology, economic indicators of the crops implemented in the countryside surrounding the rural village under examination were obtained and the corresponding socio-economic factors that have characterized the village from its birth to the present day were also reconstructed. The results show that the Borgo was born with the aim of being at the service of the agricultural activity of the neighboring countryside. The evolution of historical facts and the changes induced by the economic development models adopted in Italy have led to a transformation from a neighborhood agriculture to an industrialized agriculture. This model of agriculture adapted to the studied area had a negative impact and led to the impoverishment of the countryside and the removal of man from the territory. The potential impacts were explored with the evolution of the agricultural landscape and with the analysis of the economic activities in the area. The changes in the use of resources on the welfare of the system and their results indicate that technical solutions must be integrated with a governance system based on the relations of production, community and culture. To adopt a sustainable development model, it is recommended to use environmentally friendly agricultural techniques, methods of ecotourism and participatory governance between agriculture and tourism. The method proposed here for integrated governance provides a new perspective for the implementation of technical solutions in human society and the formation of sustainable development models that are positive for the rural, social and economic environment. • Rural villages can be considered complex ecosystems. • The development of rural villages requires an ecosystem approach.

Implementing SDGs to a Sustainable Rural Village Development from Community Empowerment: Linking Energy, Education, Innovation, and Research

Rural depopulation is a worldwide fact and has a domino effect on medium and small cities, which act as a nucleus of reference for small towns. Moreover, the United Nations (UN) stressed that disparities between rural and urban areas are pronounced and still growing over time. Globally, people in rural areas lack access to modern energy services, which affects productivity, educational and health services, exacerbating poverty, among other things. Given this reality, the following research questions arise: how can we act to reverse this reality? Are there examples of transformation in rural contexts where community empowerment is a key strategy? This paper aims at describing the transformation process of a small rural municipality towards a sustainable development, in parallel to the activation of the local productivity that helps to eliminate the effects of rural depopulation. Therefore, the project ALMIA was established as an example of a sustainable village that is Almatret (Catalonia-Spain). The backbone of such project is the commitment to community empowerment, where the main results are the generation of networks with experts and researchers to help the municipality’s energy transition, the involvement of the local administration, the commitment to technological development, as well as the socio-community development. Moreover, the activities developed within the project ALMIA are aligned with the UNs Sustainable Development Goals, alignment that is analyzed in detail. Thus, this paper aims to further highlight existing sustainable development practices related to community empowerment in order to promote similar practices.

A network of circular economy villages: design guidelines for 21st century Garden Cities

PurposeThe purpose is to open the possibility for a research institute, perhaps in partnership with a local council and a major developer, to bring together skills necessary to prototype the CEV development model.Design/methodology/approachThis paper advances the development of a hypothetical, systems-based approach to the design and development of smart rural villages – a network of circular economy villages (CEVs). The method is to assimilate visionary ideas from 20th century town planning literature related to decentralisation and the development of new towns in rural areas, identifying key design principles. The present trajectory of infrastructure design and emerging development models are then analysed to modernise the design principles for implementation in the 21st century.FindingsThe availability of localised, renewable energy micro-grids potentially makes CEVs feasible and affordable. The shift to remote work and movement of people to regional areas suggests that this may be a desirable development form. This can only be confirmed through the development of a pilot project as proof of concept.Originality/valueThe proposed CEV development model applies circular economy strategies to every aspect of the smart rural village development including financing, ownership, spatial planning, design and material selection.

Study on Evaluation of Residents’ Satisfaction with Rural Area Town Development

The Saemaul movement was launched in 1970 for the development of rural areas, which are relatively inferior to the development of urban areas. As agricultural and fishing village maintenance projects have been promoted, the form of the project has evolved into a bottom-up business method. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the residents’ satisfaction level of the town development project recently implemented from B-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. There was a difference in the perspective of the rural village development project between the general residents and the village leader group. This was analyzed as a problem of implementation of procedures for project promotion, establishment of plans for selection of projects, absence of income business, and execution of funds. In addition, the results of the analysis of residents’ awareness of community development projects showed that the opinions of village leaders and the general residents. Therefore, in order to maintain and succeed the rural village development project as a successful and sustainable project, it is necessary to improve the institutional aspects of applying by strengthening the capabilities of residents during the project selection process.

An Approach towards Urbanization Khadiya Village, Junagadh District

Vishwakarma Yojana provides the benefits of real work experience to engineering students and students can apply their technical knowledge in the development of infrastructure in rural development. Under this scheme, the villages are surveyed and this project was identified & selected for implementation Rurbaization is the concept of providing villagers the basic amenities required along with keeping the village soul alive. [1]This project gives new ideas for Development of rural villages. As a measure to strengthen the Panchayat Raj Institutions in terms of functions, powers and finance. Gram Sabha, NGOs, Self-Help Groups and PRIs have been accorded adequate role to make participatory democracy meaningful and effective. By this V.Y. project government wants technical solution of the problems of villages from the engineering point of view. [2][3]

Exploring Solutions to Improve the Evaluation of Development of Rural Villages: A Case Study of the Application of the Evaluation for the Construction of Beautiful Villages (ECBV) in a Village in South China

Eco-village development has been considered by the Chinese central government as part of its rural revitalisation campaign and it is seen as a crucial/main solution to the increasingly serious rural issues caused by urban–rural inequality. A significant number of eco-villages are being or will be developed with government leadership and support under the guidance of a corresponding assessment. However, the latest Chinese eco-village assessment, the Evaluation for the Construction of Beautiful Villages (ECBV), has been found to have limitations related to the assessment process, method, and indicators, meaning that it cannot be used to perform a balanced evaluation of the social, economic, and environmental aspects of an eco-village. As assessing an eco-village is as essential as building it, it has become necessary to balance the criteria and improve the ECBV assessment so that it can review existing achievements, guide further development, and ensure better outcomes. Thus, this paper aims to: (1) identify the limitations of ECBV through a case study of a carefully selected Chinese eco-village, Zhenghu Village, by repeating the assessment process and analysing the assessment results, and (2) propose three possible solutions to improve the assessment by applying a revised ECBV assessment, the components of which are adopted and revised from an internationally recognised sustainability assessment, the Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs). The results of the case study confirm the limitations of the ECBV assessment. Besides, the research outcomes of these three possible solutions can improve ECBV assessment and also provide ideas for the improvement of other existing assessment methods. Moreover, other developing countries may apply the research process and method introduced in this paper to formulate or improve their own eco-village assessments.

The Effect of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program on Farm Income in South Korea

Faced with an aging and declining population, many governments around the world endeavor to revitalize their rural communities in a sustainable manner. In South Korea, the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program (CRVDP) was carried out from 2004 to 2013 as a key strategy to reinvigorate rural areas. This study aims to conduct an ex-post quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the CRVDP in boosting rural households’ farm income. In doing so, the present study adopts quasi-experimental research design that is seldom utilized in assessing rural policies. As an alternative evaluation tool with flexibility for using readily available data, the study employed the combined application of the Heckman selection model and the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method. The study revealed a significant positive impact of the Program on farm income of rural households in the program-supported areas from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. A robust causal estimation of the impact of this bottom-up, multi-sectoral rural development program on farm income is achieved, which can be leveraged to widely promote similar type of rural development approach.

정부지원 농촌마을만들기의 성공적 집행의 접근방법: 참여자들 간 상호작용의 질적 연구

이 연구의 목적은 Strauss & Corbin의 근거이론 접근방법을 활용하여 마을만들기 집행과정 참여자들의 상호작용 행태를 분석하여 사업의 성공적인 집행체계의 구축 방향을 탐색하는 데 있다. 주민, 전문가, 공무원, 시행사 등 집행현장 참여자들이 어떤 특정 맥락에 따라 협력적 상호작용 관계를 구조화시켰는지를 밝혀보았다. 이를 위해 연구자의 참여관찰과 사업집행 경험자들의 심층면담에 의한 자료를 토대로 이론적 모형을 제시하였다. 코딩분석 결과 핵심범주는 집행현장 참여자간 협력적 상호작용과 집행효과로 나타났다. 인과 및 상황적 조건으로서 행정적 역할, 사회적 공감대, 신뢰와 협력 등이 선택되었고, 이를 위한 의도적 전략은 네트워크와 공동체 역량 구축으로 나타났다. 마을만들기 집행의 복합적이고 동태적인 과정에 있어 집행성공을 위해서는 주민들의 순응적 행태가 중요한 요건임이 입증되었다. 집행현장 참여자들간 행태적 관계의 변화과정은 사업 초기 경험을 시작으로 갈등, 이해, 수용, 변화의 순차적 단계를 거치고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Leadership and Governance Tools for Village Sustainable Development in China

The Chinese central government has recognized that village–government networks are promising for the sustainable development of rural villages. Though many local governments tend to deploy various hands-on or hand-off governance tools to influence the sustainable development of village-governance networks, the number of villages successfully achieving “good governance” is still rare. Therefore, this study empirically elaborates on the application of three classic tools of governance networks, analyzing how leaders of local government and village communities influence the effectiveness of these tools. The data were collected by snowball interviews, careful observations, and documentary analysis in Xiaonan village, a representatively successful case of rural-village governance networks in China. We detected that governance tools are often inadequately used and under-development in Chinese rural-village governance networks, accompanying a strong interaction between the effectiveness of tools and leadership. Excellent leadership is necessary for a successful rural-village governance network and its scaling-up.

농촌관광에 대한 지역주민 지지도에 영향을 미치는 요인

This study investigates and analyzes the perception of rural tourism among local residents living in ‘rural experience villages’ of Korea. The purpose is to provide implications for the providers of rural tourism products. As a research method, first of all, the literature reviewed local residents' attitudes to rural tourism and tourism impacts and related prior studies. Through this process, the major influential factors of the rural tourism by the local residents were derived, and then the opinions of the rural residents of the local farm village were collected and analyzed statistically through the sample survey. In order to successfully implement the rural experience village development project, local residents need to actively participate in decision-making. Local residents should actively participate in the early stages of the project so that they can have psychological ownership. Furthermore, the extent of involvement in rural tourism development requires participation in the whole process of policy making, policy enforcement and policy evaluation. In addition to the decision-making process, participation must be made in the implementation and operation of the development, benefits, evaluation and feedback as well. In conclusion, the development method of rural tourism should be in the form of tourism development centered on local community and of local participation type. Therefore, rural tourism development must be applied differently from traditional tourism development, based on the principle of sustainable tourism development.

Factors affecting educational training program for local capacity building: Empicial evidence from comprehensive rural village development projects in Bonghwa

Factors affecting educational training program for local capacity building: Empicial evidence from comprehensive rural village development projects in Bonghwa

A first step to improving maternal mortality in a low-literacy setting; the successful use of singing to improve knowledge regarding antenatal care

Preventable maternal mortality is related to delays in recognizing the problem, transport to a facility, and receiving appropriate care on arrival. Reducing maternal mortality in low-literacy settings is particularly challenging. In the rural villages of Nepal, the maternal mortality rate is among the highest in the world; the reasons include illiteracy and lack of knowledge of the needs of pregnant women. Culturally, singing and dancing are part of Nepalese daily life and present an opportunity to transmit knowledge of antenatal care and care at birth with a view to reducing the first 2 delays. We hypothesized that health messages regarding the importance of antenatal care and skilled birth assistance would be effectively transmitted by songs in the limited literacy environment of rural Nepal. We randomly grouped 4 rural village development committees comprising 36 villages into 2 (intervention and control) clusters. In the intervention group, local groups were invited to write song lyrics incorporating key health messages regarding antenatal care to accompany popular melodies. The groups presented their songs and dances in a festival organized and judged by the community. The winning songs were performed by the local people in a song and dance progression through the villages, houses, and fields. A wall chart with the key health messages was also provided to each household. Knowledge of household decision makers (senior men and women) was assessed before and after the intervention and at 12 months using a structured questionnaire in all households that also assessed behavior change. Structured interviews were conducted at baseline, immediately postintervention in the control and intervention areas (intervention n= 735 interviews, control n= 775), and at 12 months in the intervention area only (n= 867). Knowledge scores were recorded as the number of correct items out of 36 questions at baseline and postintervention, and of 21 questions at follow-up. Postintervention, test score doubled in the intervention group from a mean of 11.60/36-22.33/36 (P < .001), with no practically significant change in the control population (17.48/36-18.26/36). Improvement was greatest among the most illiterate members of the community (6.8/36-19.8/36, P < .001). At 12 months follow-up, a majority of the participants (63.9%) indicated that they provided information learned from the songs to their neighbors and friends, and 41.3% reported still singing the songs from the intervention. The use of songs bypassed the limitations of literacy in communicating health messages that are key to improving maternal care in this low-literacy rural setting within a developing country. The improvements were maintained without further intervention for 12 months. With appropriate sociocultural adaptation to local contexts, this low-cost method of community education may be applicable to improving maternal health knowledge and behavior change in other low-resource and limited literacy settings that may lead to reductions in maternal mortality.

Study on the Actual Situation of Residents Participation in the Rural Village Development Project

Study on the Actual Situation of Residents Participation in the Rural Village Development Project

Comparison of Characteristics of Rural Landscape Plan in Rural Village Development Project - Focused on the Sunchang-gun -

The present study analyzes a case of a rural village development project to identify characteristics of rural landscape plans. The results of the analysis revealed that in the initial stage, rural landscape plans focused on renovating the livingscape, which included walls, vacant houses, and roofs. Beginning in 2010, landscape improvement projects were divided into areas such as the livingscape, and the village landscape, which included the natural landscape, ecological environment, and urban landscape, and planned to preserve the agricultural landscape and enhance under-developed landscapes. According to an analysis of the Sunchang-gun (a county in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea) area development project, the landscape improvement project was planned as a way of formation a new landscape. This indicates that the project was more focused on creating a new specialized landscape consisting of different areas, than it was on improving and maintaining the existing landscape. The livingscape, among all other components of the rural landscape, was addressed the most frequently by landscape projects, which placed emphasis on improving the landscape of the living environment, not the overall landscape of rural villages. Landscape improvement projects implemented tasks to highlight distinctive characteristics of the target area. For instance, the creation of a themed rest area or characteristic streetscape were treated with importance in all areas. However, landscape projects do not significantly contribute to shaping the overall rural landscape, as they focus on separate facilities instead of considering the overall rural landscape. Given that landscape projects constitute the only landscape-related effort in an area or village, they should be more heavily emphasized in rural village development projects.

The Impact of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program on Rural Sustainability in Korea

An imperative challenge emerges from the demand to apply the scientific method in the assessment of recent agricultural and rural policies throughout the world. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ex-post quantitative evaluation of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program (CRVDP), a representative rural development policy operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, a central government agency in South Korea. The primary purpose of this program is to ensure sustainable rural society. This study found a moderate but significant positive impact of the policy in enhancing the standard of living in rural areas. The present paper concludes with suggesting some policy implications, limitations and future directions of policy evaluation studies.