Rural Space Research Articles

Le tourisme et la valorisation symbolique de l’espace rural

Based on two ethnographic studies carried out by Brazilian anthropologists, this article presents different strata of a game of representations forged in a French rural space where forms of symbolic valori‑ sation have been implemented that collaborate in the construction of French regional identities: the cheese heritage and farm tourism. Responding to the context of modernisation of agriculture which coexists with the policies of heritage in the rural landscape, the idealised representations of the French countryside are intended to obscure the reality of modern high‑yield agriculture to the effects of tourism.

ИРРАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ НАРОДНЫЕ ЗНАНИЯ В СИБИРСКОМ СЕЛЕ XX - ПЕРВЫХ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЙ XXI ВЕКА (ПО ПОЛЕВЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ)

The study is focused on the problems of studying irrational traditional knowledge in the rural space of Siberia in the specifed period. rural space of Siberia in the described period. The author identifes problematic aspects in the collection of feld materials and difculties in working with archival materials to search for information on irrational traditional knowledge. In addition, he identifes such types of irrational knowledge as medical, aimed at the preservation and health maintenance; magical, mostly related to malicious manipulations and protection against them, as well as prohibitions, omens and ideas about forces and objects of nature. In addition to traditional representations in the sphere of traditional knowledge, there are also their modern interpretations. In addition to traditional ideas in the sphere of traditional knowledge, their modern interpretations are also presented. The main source was feld materials of ethnographic expeditions and practices of Omsk State University in 1998-2022, published and archival materials.

Reflectarea rascoalei din 1888 in presa vremii

Choosing a subject on the uprising of 1888 reflected in the modern press at that time, an important moment according both to its magnitude and deep social, economic and political results, derived from my concern on immersing in the time atmosphere through the sources, namely through the mean of some autochtone and foreign publications in this case. This scientific approach aimed to analyze every moment of the event, the different political orientation of the publications contributing to improving the researcher’s perception and gradating his conclusions. In order to cover as large as possible the subject, I selected the different points of view from the papers to present the importance they gave to one or other of the subjects in the economy of the field, reflecting the ratio the contemporaries had given to them, as we might note on the elements that had contributed to tension the rural environment and to that uprising. My attention was kept by the compassion the main part of the journalists manifested with concern with the peasants’situation, and also their perseverance in trying to identify the liberal or conservative politicians to have been responsible with the situation; I did not omitted to mention the conspiracy theories which called the foreign agents for the main factors in triggering the revolt. The papers at the time payed attention also to the authorities involvement in renormalizing the situation, their measures being an opportunity to sensibilize the readers both with detalied and moving descriptions of the excesive soldiers’gestures and the victims’pains. There were also journalists to resonate with the politicians’reason according to which the re-establishing of previous order was indispensable to implemnt the reforms that would have solutionate the rural space, where a large amount of people, in a country with 80% rural inhabitants, confronted with lack or insuficiency of land, their main means of survival.

Classification and Extraction of Rural Green Coverage Based on Object-based High-resolution Remote Sensing Images

Rural green space is the foundation of rural environment. In order to solve the practical problems of rural green space, this paper starts from the perspective of rural space, and studies the systematic and normative extraction method of rural green space in Jiangning District of Nanjing city. It provides a scientific basis for the development of rural green space in China. Based on the object-oriented threshold classification method, this paper divides the rural green space into cultivated land, grassland, forest land, residential green space and road green space, and other features into water, road and urban and rural land, and analyzes the land coverage. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) The multi-scale segmentation parameters are determined. The influence of spectral factor, shape and compactness factor, segmentation scale and band weight on the experimental results is analyzed. After many experiments, the optimal segmentation scale parameters are determined as follows: water layer band weight 1:1:1:1:4, shape factor 0.1, compactness factor 0.5 and segmentation scale 60; The band weight of vegetation layer is 1:1:1:1:4, shape factor is 0.1, compactness factor is 0.5 and segmentation scale is 40; The band weight of urban and rural strata is 1:1:1:1:1, shape factor is 0.3, compactness factor is 0.5 and segmentation scale is 20. (2) The feature space rule sets of different land cover types are established. According to the spectral, geometric, texture and exponential characteristics of different land cover types, combined with sample analysis, the rule sets of extracting water body are determined as NDWI≥0.139, mean_ nir≤249; The rule set of green space and blue roof building is NDVI≥0.14; The rule set of blue roof building is NDSI≤- 0.19, mean_ Blue≥416; The rule set of road extraction is length ≥ 60, GLCM_ STdD≥44.5, BBI(374，453);The rule sets of grassland and cultivated land extraction were NDVI≤0.45, GLCM_ STdD≤36.1; The rule set of extracting cultivated land is rectangular fit≥0.74, NDVI≥0.16; The rule set of extracting road green space and residential green space is rel. Area of ≤20. (3) Object oriented threshold separation results and analysis. The results show that the overall accuracy of the method is 90.4%, and the kappa coefficient is 0.815. The total area of green space in the study area, including woodland, grassland, cultivated land, road green space and residential green space, is 1117413 m2, accounting for 87.7% of the total area. The area of other land types is 321148 m2, accounting for 12.3% of the total area. The rural greening rate in the study area is as high as 87.7%.

Preserving Winescapes amid North America’s Urban Sprawl*

Ontario’s Niagara Peninsula and California’s Napa Valley, both smaller than most of the world’s famed wine regions, exist within two of the most densely populated regions in North America. Their fields, orchards, and vineyards faced pressure from expanding metropolises and became part of ongoing debates about the loss of prime agricultural lands in Canada and the United States. In 1968, Napa County created one of the world’s first agricultural preserves to stave off sprawl. In 2005, after decades of debate, the Ontario government included the Niagara Peninsula in a greenbelt for the larger Toronto metropolitan region; its agricultural provisions mimicked Napa’s preserve. Boosters in both regions have emphasized the multifunctionality of the countryside. In the end, however, wine production and the tourism it engendered offered financial benefits that few other crops provided. Winescapes proved essential to protecting rural spaces. Yet differences also emerge in these histories. The complexity of land use and of municipalities in Niagara complicated efforts to preserve agricultural lands.

The fight against agribusiness crime and the regeneration of agricultural land confiscated from organised crime groups in Italy

The article examines organised crime in agriculture and in the agri-food chain and the Italian approach to combating the so-called “agromafie”, whose activities cause devastating environmental and social harms. Among the best practices for countering this phenomenon, the specific focus here is on the economic and social regeneration of agricultural land confiscated from organised crime syndicates. To date, over 13,000 agricultural land assets have been confiscated throughout Italy: an impressive number that generates considerable management challenges. Nevertheless, when these rural spaces are freed from the yoke of criminal organizations and taken in hand by civil society, they are literally “reborn” and trigger cascades of virtuous and sustainable benefits for the environment, the local economy, and local communities, as illustrated by the case of the Libera Terra agricultural cooperatives.

Editorial: “Supporting sustainability: perspectives on the economic and social rebirth of rural spaces”

Editorial: “Supporting sustainability: perspectives on the economic and social rebirth of rural spaces”

Analysis and Optimization of Landscape Preference Characteristics of Rural Public Space Based on Eye-Tracking Technology: The Case of Huangshandian Village, China

As an important part of rural space, the public space landscape has a positive influence on tourists and local residents, and also has an important guiding significance for the sustainable development of rural areas. This study expands the previous research on rural public space, taking the “user-oriented” landscape preference as an important entry point, taking Beijing rural public space as the research object, using eye-tracking technology to objectively reflect the degree of users’ preference for the landscape, making quantitative analysis through eye-tracking objective data and subjective satisfaction evaluation to explore the subconscious and aesthetic laws of the subjects, and summarizing the internal driving factors leading to its evolution from the summary of phenomena. This paper explores the visual behavior information and significance behind the “subjective space” created by the countryside for the users, intending to provide strategies for landscape optimization and the management of rural public space in an effort to aid the sustainable development of the countryside.

Ecological area: An elastic space for urban-rural interaction

<p>The present report is based on a consideration of the environmental, economic, and social challenges facing urban and rural areas in Latin America, many of which are the result of structural changes experienced by the region in recent decades. The main purpose of this document is to demonstrate the urgent need to link urban and rural spaces to meet the challenges that will move the Latin American region towards sustainable development. Focus on ecological areas, such as resilient urban-rural systems that interact in a sustainable manner. This is reflected in the author’s experience and the cases recorded in the literature. To this end, an integrated approach is proposed between natural (ecosystems) and socio-economic components (communities) in rural and urban areas and between them, characterized by semi-rural and semi-urban arrangements. As a conclusion, a reform is proposed to overcome the adaptive sectoral actions in the current development model, which is characterized by exclusivity, inefficiency, and unsustainability.</p>

Optimization Approaches of Multi-Dimensional Environments in Rural Space Reproduction Driven by Tourism

Rural tourism is an important driving force for the transformation of rural society in the process of urbanization. However, besides promoting rural economy, it also interrupts the development of the rural living, human, manage and economic multi-dimensional environments. Space reconstruction in rural settlements is an important means to optimize multi-dimensional environments and revitalize rural tourism. Focusing on two types of rural settlements, namely the “relocation village” and the “sightseeing and settlement symbiosis village”, this study has revealed the affecting mechanism of space reconstruction in rural tourist locations on the local multi-dimensional environment by establishing a multi-dimensional environment evaluation system through an analytic, hierarchical process. Subsequently, based on the theoretical perspective of the reproduction of the space and the paradigm of the three-fold model, a comprehensive optimization path of rural multi-dimensional environments has been proposed. The results show that in the space reconstruction process driven by tourism: (1) the multi-dimensional environments of the “sightseeing and settlement symbiosis village” generally develop better than the “relocation village”; (2) the ecological environment is the direct benefit while the management environment and economic environment are the bottlenecks; (3) the “sightseeing and settlement symbiosis village” is more appealing to tourists who are interested in rural tourism since it keeps more rustic characteristics than the “relocation village”; (4) in order to optimize the multi-dimensional environments, “relocation village” should pay more attention to the space needs of residents, improve space utilization rates, and increase the residents’ sense of belonging; (5) “sightseeing and settlement symbiosis village” needs to resolve the contradiction between the tourism and living demands, improve the reproduction process driven by diversified entities, and reconstruct the neighborhood network under rural tourism.

Craft Culture in Early Modern Japan: Materials, Makers, and Mastery by Christine M. E. Guth

Mention of Japanese crafts or mingei typically generates an image of delicate straw baskets, indigo-dyed cloth, and lacquered combs. So too does it recall the well-known mark of distinction given to skilled artisans in Japan, even in the twenty-first century—“Living National Treasures.” Such icons of craft culture represent the institutionalization and preservation of traditional techniques and materials for specific crafts by contemporary practitioners. But in contrast to considering Japanese crafts in the context of unchanging traditions and the continuous use of the original materials that shaped everyday objects centuries ago, Guth takes a different perspective in Craft Culture in Early Modern Japan. Her deep expertise in Japan’s visual and material culture between the late sixteenth and nineteenth centuries leads her to develop a dynamic rather than static view of “traditional” Japanese crafts. For Guth, Japanese crafts are best seen not as direct descendants of a material culture developed centuries ago but as products of social and technological processes inherent to the environments in which they evolved. Such environments change over time, producing changes in the relationship between artisans and the natural materials and technical tools that they use.Guth also moves readers away from the common trope that Japanese craftspeople have been motivated principally by their reverence for nature in their creation of objects from local natural resources. Rather, she documents the importance of shogunal policies in the Tokugawa period to address the decimation of forests, various crops, and other resources that made it possible for craft production to continue. In short, crafts did not necessarily manifest a love of nature so much as a pragmatic approach to exploiting natural resources to create the tools and utensils for everyday life.Craft production was determined not only by the varying availability of raw materials but also by the development of consumer markets. In the eighteenth century, craft production dispersed across Japan as lords sought ways to diversify the local economies under their jurisdiction. To this end, they encouraged the production of goods for sale. Local products came from local resources, becoming the meibutsu (regional specialties) now familiar to contemporary Japanese people and to those who visit Japan.Guth also pays attention to the variety of people engaged in the production of goods and to the processes of learning that craft production entailed. The young men who were formal apprentices typically spent seven to ten years learning their craft through observation and practice, as opposed to disembodied book learning. Learning took place in the process of doing and making, an important part of which entailed observation and experimentation with the ways in which different materials interacted with each other. As Guth writes, “Craft practitioners were not embodiments of tenacious traditions. They were flesh and blood problem solvers who used available materials, technical know-how, and ingenuity to adapt to changing environmental, social, economic, and political circumstances” (192). Although women were generally excluded from the guilds, workshops, and other groups organized around crafts, they too were “makers of things.” Women typically performed their work within the household, entering it into the public domain through the market.Guth’s approach centers less on a standard aesthetic analysis and more on a sociological exploration of how craft production was embedded in particular urban and rural spaces as well as on the political, economic, and social forces that shaped those spaces. In utilizing this approach, she brings to life the meaning of the gorgeous objects and scenes included in this visually stunning book.

The rural linguistic landscape of Banat

Abstract While the main body of linguistic landscape (LL) research still focuses on urban areas, more recent works have broadened the scope and conceptualisation of LL to include rural spaces. However, these works almost exclusively examine the Global North or the Global South. Suspended somewhere between the Global North and the Global South, the so-called Global East, to which Southeast Europe belongs, is for the most part excluded not just from notions of globality, but also from LL studies. The aim of this paper is to redirect the focus of LL research to a rural area in the Global East, namely, the village Ečka in the Serbian Banat, a region with a specific and lengthy history of multilingualism. We hold that the typologies used for the study of urban LL cannot yield relevant results if applied to rural LL. Our study is based on data collected in 2020 and 2021 during six field trips to Ečka which resulted in more than 300 photographs containing inscriptions in different languages and scripts. Furthermore, we conducted participant observation by recording interviews and collecting walking narratives from locals in Serbian or Romanian. Our study confirmed that there is a gap between the official multiculturalism and multilingualism policy as declared and implemented by top-down agents and the gradual transition to monolingualism and monoscriptalism at the bottom-up level. Therefore, instead of the classical top-down and bottom-up distinction, we propose seeing the village space from a two-fold perspective: the synchronic LL, which mirrors the current use of languages, language prestige and language policies, and the memorial LL, which is a chronicle of the multilingualism of past generations and welcomes a diachronic perspective of LL.

Agricultural cooperatives: international experience of functioning in new conditions

Modern challenges and threats of a biological, political, climatic and other nature create many diffi culties and risks in the functioning of all economic units, including agricultural cooperatives. Given the uniqueness of both the organizations themselves and the rural space in which they operate, the experience of their adaptation to such extraordinary situations as the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and climate shocks that have brought significant nuances to rural life and agricultural production is of scientific interest. In the course of the research, the main results of which are presented in this article, various review and analytical methods were used, such as formal-logical, comparative, historical-culturological, expert assessments, which made it possible to generalize the practices of agricultural cooperatives functioning in conditions of environmental fl uctuations, (2) to off er the scientific community for discussion some conclusions regarding, fi rstly, the diffi culties faced by cooperatives in connection with the pandemic crisis and its consequences, climate disasters and anomalies, global political tensions, and secondly, the opportunities that have appeared in the countryside for large specialized cooperatives, as well as for small multifunctional cooperative organizations, newly formed to fi ll the emerging niches in the rural economy. Conclusions related to the peculiarities of business behavior of directly agricultural cooperatives in the new environmental conditions were obtained on the basis of a rigorous study of analytical materials and annual reports of the international dairy cooperative Arla Foods, which attracts a variety of innovative measures and tools to overcome emerging problems, which include organizational innovations, managerial innovations, adaptation of the production structure to the changed architecture of demand for dairy products.

충청지역의 농촌협약 특성에 관한 연구 - 농촌 공간구조 분석과 농촌생활권 설정, 농촌다움(시설)자원 활용을 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to present the implications of the rural living area setting and rural spatial structure analysis of the rural spatial strategy plan through case analysis. Following the decentralization of autonomy and the promotion of the transfer of state affairs to local areas, some of the general agricultural and fishing village development projects of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs were transferred to local areas. In addition, in 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs introduced a rural agreement system for 113 cities and counties. However, since the understanding of the field is still low, this study attempted to present implications through a case analysis of the structure of rural space and the establishment of rural living areas in three local governments in Chungcheong. As a result of the study, in the stage of establishing the living zone, it is necessary to comprehensively review the contents reviewed in the analysis of the current status and conditions. However, the two local governments had insufficient interpretation of the axis by function and the establishment of the base area, or were using the upper plan as it was. Second, the source of the data used in the survey on the distribution status of living SOC facilities is unclear. Since the distribution status of living SOC facilities overlaps with accessibility analysis, OD data analysis, and resident survey results and is used as the basis for setting living areas, the data source should be clearly marked, and verification should be possible. Third, amenity (facility) resources were classified and analyzed according to the conditions and characteristics of local governments. The local government that applied the guidelines as they were was A local government, and the remaining local governments conducted surveys and analysis according to the current status. Forth, since the establishment of the rural living area is the minimum unit supported by government policies through future rural agreements, it is necessary to distinguish them based on quantitative standards in the process of establishing them. Only one case area presented clear grounds and standards, and the rest of the case areas presented standards but are based on non-quantitative standards. In order for rural agreements to be sustainable in the future and benefit local residents, it is necessary to use or establish a government-level institution that can collect and produce objective data. In addition, it is necessary to find ways to specify and standardize the standards for setting the living area and specify them in the guidelines.

농촌 생활서비스 시설 분포와 인구감소지역의 비교분석

The purpose of this study is to derive implications by comparing the spatial distribution of each service facility per unit population(1,000 people) with population decline areas. For this purpose, major concepts such as living infrastructure services, Spatial Distribution of Rural Living Service Facilities, areas of declining population, and regional extinction were reviewed and trends in prior research. Based on the literature review, ‘Spatial Distribution of Rural Living Service Facilities’ analysis criteria were set, and it was derived by 'the number of facilities per 1,000 population by township' using population data and rural space data. And the trend of each service sector was identified and implications were derived with 89 cities and counties in 'depopulation areas' suggested by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The derived implications are as follows. In the medical, leisure, and sports infrastructure sectors, 'rural areas with few service facilities per unit population' and 'depopulated areas' tended to coincide. In addition, the distribution characteristics of rural and urban areas differed by sector, which is judged to depend on the inclusion of rural facilities and population density.

L’image de la Sardaigne dans les premières traductions du roman « Canne al vento » de Grazia Deledda en français et polonais

The article deals with the first translations of Grazia Deledda’s novel Canne al vento (1913) into French and Polish (Des roseaux sous le vent, 1919; Trzcina na wietrze, 1934). They are compared with the original in order to examine the procedures by which the image of Sardinia inscribed in the original work was rendered or distorted. The culture-specific items taken into consideration represent several cultural fields (religion and beliefs, constructions, rural spaces, gastronomy, games, legendary creatures). The peritexts were also considered in order to observe to what extent they participate in the (re)creation of the image of Sardinia. The analysis shows that the French translation (by Marc Hélys) offers more contact with the different aspects of Sardinian culture than the Polish one (by Ida Ratinowowa). It is therefore the former that better fulfils the programme of “telling Sardinia to the world,” conceived by the Italian writer.

Generative Adversarial Networks for anomaly detection in aerial images

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are commonly used as a system able to perform unsupervised learning. We propose and demonstrate the use of a GAN architecture, known as the fast Anomaly Generative Adversarial Network (f-AnoGAN), to solve the problem of anomaly detection from aerial images. This architecture was previously applied to medical images and, in this work, we adapt it for use on satellite or aerial photographs. To test the effectiveness of this approach, we implemented anomaly detection schemes based on the Bi-directional Generative Adversarial Network (BiGAN), the image-z-image mapping (izi), the z-image-z (ziz) mapping, and a deep convolutional autoencoder (AE). The results show that the f-AnoGAN outperformed others, achieving AUC (area under the curve) values of 0.99 and 0.92 for urban and rural spaces image sets, respectively.

Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Public Space Environment Design Based on Multimedia Information

At this stage, the most important content of rural construction includes the construction of rural public space, which is related to the environment of all rural areas, the happiness of villagers, and the inheritance and development of rural areas. Especially under the guidance of the rural revitalization strategy, the necessity of public space environment construction has become increasingly prominent, becoming an irreplaceable core content in rural construction. Therefore, we must closely focus on the development needs of rural areas at this stage, dig deep into the development of the public space environment, find corresponding design strategies, and maximize the completion of the real construction of beautiful rural areas. Rural public spaces have experienced the pain of new urbanization and rural intelligence. The most important public spaces in traditional agricultural societies, such as deep-water wells, trees, and sundecks, will slowly decline and fade. In the future, public space in rural areas must function in urban areas. Rural public spaces with complex roles and diverse types of public activities are the main orientations for the transformation of rural spaces in the future.

Holistic gentrification and the recreation of rurality: The new wave of rural gentrification in chengdu, China

The paper contributes to the literature on rural gentrification by incorporating empirical evidence from amenity-poor rural areas in the developing world. While current literature on rural gentrification has largely focused on the gentrification process in amenity-rich rural areas, the present study examines rural gentrification process in a historically polluted county in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. The gentrification process features a holistic transformation of farmland into an artificial landscape, thereby segregating gentrifiers from both polluted rural space and unwelcoming urban space. The paper attributes the rise of holistic gentrification to state-initiated farmland concentration, and to the gentrifier developers’ practices of redefining rurality as immersive resort experiences. The paper concludes that the holistic gentrification was conducive to job losses in both the recreation and agricultural sectors, consequently reducing peasant households to a state of passivity and dependency, while collective actions against gentrifier developers were ineffective owing to highly skewed power dynamics.

Finding rural community resilience: Understanding the role of anchor institutions

Across Europe there is evidence that rural space has become more highly desired than before the pandemic as urban dwellers escaped to the perceived safety of the countryside. Whether or not this is a permanent trend remains to be seen, but it has brought to the fore the diversity of rural space, with some places faring much better than others. Indeed, with increased attention on so called ‘left behind’ places, the question of why some communities are resilient seems pertinent. Relatedly, why is it that others remain marginalised in terms education and health outcomes, economy, amenities and quality of life. Change can arise from longer-term issues such as economic restructuring or austerity, or it could be due to a sharper shock such as the pandemic or the exit of the UK from the EU (Brexit). And yet the reason behind uneven responses is not fully understood. This article examines how rural communities deal with challenges arising from change and the role of different organisations in this process. Drawing from extensive empirical evidence from a study based in England, the article identifies key traits of a resilient rural community. The research reveals that the process of resilience is not something that can be easily pinned down, nor is it a matter that is ever finished. It shows how the specificity of place, including the existence of anchor institutions, can enhance community resilience. In a rural context, a network of local institutions scaffold together to create an anchor network. Co-existence is therefore a key component of rural community resilience as it provides a range of important resources that is not solely reliant on a single organisation. Wider socio-economic context including deliberative state action also plays a role. But even so, the loss of resources, such as reduced public spending (austerity), does not actually mean a community will wither. Crucially the extent to which a community can move beyond survival seems to be limited in places without a range of anchors.