Rural Philippines Research Articles

Book Reviews

The Australian Journal of AnthropologyVolume 12, Issue 3 p. 383-420 Book Reviews First published: 08 March 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.2001.tb00087.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Book reviewed in this article: Jeremy Beckett (ed.). Wherever I Go: Myles Lalor's ‘Oral History’. Victor Buchli. An Archaeology of Socialism. Stephanie Hemelryk Donald. Public Secrets, Public Spaces: Cinema and Civility in China. James F. Eder, A Generation Later: Household Strategies and Economic Change in the Rural Philippines. Colin Filer (ed.). Dilemmas of Development: The Social and Economic Impact of the Porgera Gold Mine 1989–1994. Jill Forshee with Christina Fink and Sandra Cate (eds). Converging Interests: Traders, Travelers, and Tourists in Southeast Asia. Elizabeth Furniss. The Burden of History: Colonialism and the Frontier Myth in a Rural Community. Alfred Gell. The Art of Anthropology: Essays and Diagrams. Edited by E. Hirsch Ernest Gellner. Language and Solitude: Wittgenstein, Malinowski and the Hapsburg Dilemma. Kenneth Henshall. Dimensions of Japanese Society: Gender, Margins and Mainstream. Lane Ryo Hirabayashi. The Politics of Fieldwork: Research in an American Concentration Camp. Mark J. Hudson. Ruins of Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands. Laura Lee Junker. Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms. Robert C. Kiste and M. Marshall (eds). American Anthropology in Micronesia: An Assessment. Bruce M. Knauft. From Primitive to Postcolonial in Melanesia and Anthropology. David MacDougall. Transcultural Cinema. Zoila S. Mendoza. Shaping Society Through Dance: Mestizo Ritual Performance in the Peruvian Andes. Kirstin Pauka. Theater and Martial Arts in West Sumatra: Randai and Silek of the Minangkabau. Phillip B. Zarilli. When the Body Becomes All Eyes: Paradigms, Discourses, and Practices of Power in Kalaripayattu, a South Indian Martial Art. Michael Pinches (ed.). Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia. Alan Rumsey and James F. Weiner (eds). Emplaced Myth: Space, Narrative and Knowledge in Aboriginal Australia and Papua New Guinea. Jane Schneider (ed). Italy's ‘Southern Question’: Orientalism in One Country. Christopher C. Taylor. Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Sandy Toussaint. Phyllis Kaberry and Me: Anthropology, History and Aboriginal Australia. Volume12, Issue3December 2001Pages 383-420 RelatedInformation

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Jeremy Beckett (ed.). Wherever I Go: Myles Lalor's ‘Oral History’. Victor Buchli. An Archaeology of Socialism. Stephanie Hemelryk Donald. Public Secrets, Public Spaces: Cinema and Civility in China. James F. Eder, A Generation Later: Household Strategies and Economic Change in the Rural Philippines. Colin Filer (ed.). Dilemmas of Development: The Social and Economic Impact of the Porgera Gold Mine 1989–1994. Jill Forshee with Christina Fink and Sandra Cate (eds). Converging Interests: Traders, Travelers, and Tourists in Southeast Asia. Elizabeth Furniss. The Burden of History: Colonialism and the Frontier Myth in a Rural Community. Alfred Gell. The Art of Anthropology: Essays and Diagrams. Edited by E. Hirsch Ernest Gellner. Language and Solitude: Wittgenstein, Malinowski and the Hapsburg Dilemma. Kenneth Henshall. Dimensions of Japanese Society: Gender, Margins and Mainstream. Lane Ryo Hirabayashi. The Politics of Fieldwork: Research in an American Concentration Camp. Mark J. Hudson. Ruins of Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands. Laura Lee Junker. Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms. Robert C. Kiste and M. Marshall (eds). American Anthropology in Micronesia: An Assessment. Bruce M. Knauft. From Primitive to Postcolonial in Melanesia and Anthropology. David MacDougall. Transcultural Cinema. Zoila S. Mendoza. Shaping Society Through Dance: Mestizo Ritual Performance in the Peruvian Andes. Kirstin Pauka. Theater and Martial Arts in West Sumatra: Randai and Silek of the Minangkabau. Phillip B. Zarilli. When the Body Becomes All Eyes: Paradigms, Discourses, and Practices of Power in Kalaripayattu, a South Indian Martial Art. Michael Pinches (ed.). Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia. Alan Rumsey and James F. Weiner (eds). Emplaced Myth: Space, Narrative and Knowledge in Aboriginal Australia and Papua New Guinea. Jane Schneider (ed). Italy's ‘Southern Question’: Orientalism in One Country. Christopher C. Taylor. Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Sandy Toussaint. Phyllis Kaberry and Me: Anthropology, History and Aboriginal Australia.

Gender Differences in Land Inheritance, Schooling and Lifetime Income: Evidence from the Rural Philippines

This article examines the difference in lifetime incomes arising from parental preferences in the allocation of land inheritance and investments in schooling between sons and daughters in the rural Philippines. Sons are preferred with respect to land inheritance, receiving 0.15 additional hectares of land, while daughters are treated more favourably in schooling investments, receiving 1.5 more years of schooling. However, differences in both current and life-cycle incomes between sons and daughters are insignificant. This suggests that Filipino parents allocate intergenerational transfers to equalise incomes among their children, without sacrificing efficiency.

A Generation Later: Household Strategies and Economic Change in the Rural Philippines: Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms

Generation Later: Household Strategies and Economic Change in the Rural Philippines. James F. Eder. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999. 191 pp.Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms. Laura Lee Junker. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999.477 pp.

Gender Differences in Land Inheritance and Schooling Investments in the Rural Philippines

This paper examines the preferences of parents with respect to the allocation of land and investments in schooling between sons and daughters in two generations of households in the rural Philippines. In the older generation higher-educated fathers prefer to invest in sons schooling while land-owning mothers preferentially bestow land to daughters. While gender preference in relation to parental resources has disappeared in the child generation sons are preferred with respect to land inheritance while daughters are treated more favorably in schooling investments. (authors)

Some Links Between Education, Household Well-being and Credit Markets: Evidence from Rural Philippines

Two diverse Filipino village communities were intensively surveyed and then focus-group discussions were held among their members. These discussions indicated that members of the less well-off community, compared with the one which was better-off, see fewer benefits to be derived from investing in education. This information has implications for determining how the level of community well-being should be measured. In addition, those households with better access to credit and basic infrastructure invested more in the education of children. This insight suggests how the design of poverty-alleviation expenditure programmes might be improved in rural Philippines at least.

Income distribution in rice–growing villages during the post‐Green Revolution periods: the Philippine case, 1985 and 1998

AbstractThis paper aims to examine changes in household income sources and its impact on household income distribution in the post‐Green Revolution periods in 1985 and 1998 in the rural Philippines. We found that there has been a structural shift of household income away from farm in favor of nonfarm labor income sources. This finding indicates that rural development is being led by nonfarm sectors. Such a shift has resulted in an increase in household income inequality as the distribution of nonfarm income has become less equal over time and was markedly more unequal than that of farm income in 1998.

Green Revolution, Human Capital, and Off‐Farm Employment: Changing Sources of Income among Farm Households in Central Luzon, 1966–1994

Green Revolution, Human Capital, and Off‐Farm Employment: Changing Sources of Income among Farm Households in Central Luzon, 1966–1994

From ‘Cultures of Fear and Terror’ to the Normalization of Violence

This article critically examines the widespread usage of such constructs as ‘culture of terror’ and ‘culture of fear’ to characterize settings in which state power is based on the intimidation of civilians. ‘Cultures of fear and terror’, it is argued, are at once inflationary and reductive tropes which obscure the political agency and cultural resources that are called upon to end regimes of coercion. As an alternative, it is suggested that state-authorized aggression is neither equivalent to culture nor a characteristic of a cultural group, but a historically specific means and rationale for disciplining particular categories of people. Ethnographic evidence from the rural Philippines is presented in support of a more practice-oriented approach toward conceptualizing what scholars now term ‘civil wrongs’.

Middlemen and agents in the procurement of paddy: Institutional arrangements from the rural Philippines

Using transaction cost economics (TCE) as the framework of analysis, this article examines some of the specific institutional arrangements that arise when small, village-based paddy traders and local farmers are used as middlemen and commission agents, respectively, to procure paddy supplies for large rice millers, traders, and retailers/wholesalers in the rural Philippines. I find that the institutional arrangements examined in this article generally conform to the propositions set forth in the TCE literature. That is, as trnsactions involve specific investments in capital or knowledge, the governance structure will tend to be specific and bilateral, while more standard transactions are best governed by the market. In addition, this article also discusses why one form of contracting mode may be preferred to alternative contracting modes.

Migration, self-selection and earnings in Philippine rural communities

Estimated returns to schooling investments can be misleading if migration causes significant shifts in population distribution across time. Data gathered in rural Philippine communities show that the more educated and experienced individuals are more likely to outmigrate, causing a sample selection bias in the estimation of wage equations. The observed wages were then lower than the conditional population mean of an entire cohort residing originally in the area. Controlling for self-selection, the wage returns to schooling and experience were higher. Finally, the sample selectivity variable accounts substantially for the difference in the wages of men and women.

Gender Equality and Investments in Adolescents in the Rural Philippines

...Many studies have looked at the way resources are distributed to men, women, and especially to small children, but one age group within the family has been largely ignored: the adolescents. Adolescence is a crucial period in that teenagers can make major contributions to their families' welfare through their labor and earnings, in and outside the household, but may sacrifice their own wishes and future well-being in the process if such contributions come at the expense of investments in their education. The research methodology in this report, combining regression analysis with ethnography, provides a lesson in how complementarities between methodological approaches can be exploited...The research finds that parents are not unduly influenced by short-term needs and are ready to make substantial sacrifices in terms of current consumption in order to invest in their children's future. The research also concludes that boys and girls in this rural area of the Philippines are generally treated equally, provid ing a contrast with other Asian settings where discrimination by gender is common. (Forward by Per Pinstrup- Andersen)

Risk Sharing Networks in Rural Philippines

Using original data on gifts and loans, this paper investigates how rural Filipino households deal with income and expenditure shocks. Results indicate that gifts and informal loans are partly motivated by consumption smoothing motives but do not serve to efficiently share risk. Certain shocks are better insured through gifts and loans than others. Mutual insurance does not take place at the village level; rather, households receive help primarily through networks of friends and relatives. Network quality matters. Risk is shared through flexible, zero interest informal loans rather than gifts. The evidence is consistent with models of quasi-credit where enforcement constraints limit gift giving.

Gender and Education Impacts on Employment and Earnings in West Africa: Evidence from Guinea

This study examines the determinants of labor force participation for men and women in Guinea for three sectors and for earnings. Employment includes self-employment private wage employment and public wage employment. Data were obtained from a survey of 1725 households in the capital city of Conakry in 1990. Labor force participation (LFP) was 40% for women aged 15-65 years and almost 100% for men aged 30-50 years. Men were engaged almost equally in all three sectors while women were mostly engaged in self-employment. Self-employed women tended to come from low-income households. All public sector employees were well-educated (about 10-12 years). Average levels of education among the self-employed were very low (2-3 years). In the private wage sector men averaged 5 years and women averaged 9 years of schooling. 47% of men and 59% of women in the public sector were in professional or managerial jobs. In the private sector over 50% of women were in professional managerial or clerical jobs compared to only 16% of men. Few women in the private sector were engaged in skilled trades or unskilled work. Most self-employed women and only 50% of men tended to work in retail trade. Migration during the past 5 years was positively associated with mens entry in self-employment and the private sector and negatively associated with their public sector employment. Determinants of womens self-employment included residence near commercial areas of the center city electricity in the house and work activity during the rainy season of April-September. Fulani and Malinke women were less likely to be self-employed. For women the benefits of education and experience declined after a certain level. Returns to schooling were high for both genders. Men earned more than women. There is a need to increase educational and employment opportunities for women.

The Productivity Gains of Marriage: Effects of Spousal Education on Own Productivity across Market Sectors in Brazil*

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Productivity Gains of Marriage: Effects of Spousal Education on Own Productivity across Market Sectors in Brazil*Jill Tiefenthaler Jill TiefenthalerColgate University Search for more articles by this author Colgate UniversityPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 45, Number 3April 1997 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/452294 Views: 43Total views on this site Citations: 17Citations are reported from Crossref © 1997 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Nagihan BOZALİ, Mehmet Sedat UĞUR MEASURING EARNINGS INEQUALITY BETWEEN GENDERS IN TURKEY, Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi (Sep 2022).https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1109617Rufei Guo, Junsen Zhang, Ning Zhang How does birth endowment affect individual resilience to an adolescent adversity?, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 196 (Apr 2022): 251–265.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.02.006Roberto Bonilla, Alberto Trejos Marriage and employment participation with wage bargaining in search equilibrium, Scottish Journal of Political Economy 68, no.44 (Aug 2021): 517–533.https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12289Nicholas A. Jolly Female Earnings and the Returns to Spousal Education Over Time, Journal of Family and Economic Issues 40, no.44 (Jun 2019): 691–709.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-019-09637-zRikuya Hosokawa, Toshiki Katsura A longitudinal study of socioeconomic status, family processes, and child adjustment from preschool until early elementary school: the role of social competence, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 11, no.11 (Dec 2017).https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-017-0206-zEmily Hannum, Yuping Zhang, Meiyan Wang Why Are Returns to Education Higher for Women than for Men in Urban China?, The China Quarterly 215 (Jul 2013): 616–640.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741013000696Eiji Yamamura, Yukichi Mano An Investigation into the Positive Effect of an Educated Wife on Her Husband’s Earnings: The Case of Japan in the Period between 2000 and 2003, International Advances in Economic Research 18, no.44 (Jun 2012): 409–416.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-012-9368-xArif Mamun Cohabitation Premium in Men’s Earnings: Testing the Joint Human Capital Hypothesis, Journal of Family and Economic Issues 33, no.11 (Mar 2011): 53–68.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-011-9252-5Yukichi Mano, Eiji Yamamura Effects of Husband's Education and Family Structure on Labor Force Participation and Married Japanese Women's Earnings, Japanese Economy 38, no.33 (Dec 2011): 71–91.https://doi.org/10.2753/JES1097-203X380303Sanjaya DeSilva, Mohammed Mehrab Bakhtiar Women, Schooling, and Marriage in Rural Philippines, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2011).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1976259BRIGHITA NEGRUSA, SONIA OREFFICE QUALITY OF AVAILABLE MATES, EDUCATION, AND HOUSEHOLD LABOR SUPPLY, Economic Inquiry 48, no.33 (Apr 2008): 558–574.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00132.xChong Huang, Hongbin Li, Pak Wai Liu, and Junsen Zhang Why Does Spousal Education Matter for Earnings? Assortative Mating and Cross‐Productivity Huang et al., Journal of Labor Economics 27, no.44 (Jul 2015): 633–652.https://doi.org/10.1086/644746Kwabena A. Anaman, Hartinie M. Kassim Marriage and female labour supply in Brunei Darussalam: A case study of urban women in Bandar Seri Begawan, The Journal of Socio-Economics 35, no.55 (Oct 2006): 797–812.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.038ELISA ROSE BIRCH, PAUL W. MILLER How Does Marriage Affect the Wages of Men in Australia?*, Economic Record 82, no.257257 (Jun 2006): 150–164.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2006.00312.xSonia Oreffice, Brighita Negrusa Quality of Available Mates, Education and Intra-Household Bargaining Power, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2006).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944469Sonia Laszlo Self-employment earnings and returns to education in rural Peru, Journal of Development Studies 41, no.77 (Oct 2005): 1247–1287.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380500170915Arif A. Mamun Is There a Cohabitation Premium in Men's Earnings?, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2004).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.551161

How Many Trees Does it Take to Cook a Pot of Rice? Fuelwood and Tree Consumption in Four Philipine Communities

The cutting of trees for fuelwood is one of many human activities contributing to deforestation in developing nations. This paper examines the extent to which fuelwood consumption contributes to deforestation in terms of the amount of fuelwood consumed, local preferences for tree species, and number of trees consumed as fuelwood in four rural Philippines communities. The research findings are placed within the context of a cooperative five year research and development project between the academic community, government, and industry.

Gender and the Use of Health Care Services in Rural Philippines

ABSTRACT Conditions of poverty in Third World countries affect the health of most people; however, recent literature on gender relations points to links between women's lower social position and disadvantages in accessing health care. Some indicators are utilization of fewer high technology facilities, with more use of local and home remedies, and lower expenditures on health care consultations by women as opposed to men. This research, focusing on health care utilization by men and women in a rural area of the Philippines, found that factors such as reliance on male wages for family survival (involving higher expenditures for men's health than women's) and gender differences in illness were influential in health care decisions.

Artisans and Entrepreneurs in the Rural Philippines: Making a Living and Gaining Wealth in Two Commercialized Crafts. ROSANNE RUT‐TEN

Artisans and Entrepreneurs in the Rural Philippines: Making a Living and Gaining Wealth in Two Commercialized Crafts. ROSANNE RUT‐TEN

Energy intake, energy expenditure, and body composition of poor rural Philippine women throughout the first 6 mo of lactation

Between 6 and 30 wk postpartum, body weight and body-fat mass of 40 healthy, rural, lactating Filipino women decreased by 1.5 (P < 0.05) and 0.7 kg (P < 0.05), respectively. Energy intake decreased slightly (NS) from 8.84 +/- 2.05 MJ/d (2113 +/- 489 kcal/d; mean +/- SD) at 6 wk to 8.67 +/- 2.37 MJ/d (2073 +/- 566 kcal/d) at 30 wk. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) remained unchanged throughout lactation, and physical-activity level increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 1.61 +/- 0.17 x BMR at 6 wk to 1.97 +/- 0.18 x BMR at 30 wk. Energy intakes at 6 and 30 wk of lactation were 1.02 and 0.77 MJ/d (244 and 185 kcal/d) higher (P < 0.05), respectively, than in early pregnancy. At ages 1-6 mo, mean weights and lengths of mainly breast-fed infants had Z scores between 0 and -1. By using the growth patterns of the breast-fed infants as proxy indicators for adequacy of lactational performance, this study suggests that present recommended energy intakes for lactation are too high for healthy Filipino women who show adequate lactational performance.

Breastfeeding education and infant health in the rural Philippines.

In the Philippines, all mothers in one rural community near Dumaguete on Negros Oriental who delivered infants within a specified period took part in a health education program, while mothers in a control community also near Dumaguete did not receive such education. Group classes and individual counseling about optimal infant feeding practices comprised the health education program. It focused on feeding colostrum, breast feeding frequently, and countering local breast feeding myths. During months 2-7, infants in the experimental community were much healthier than those in the control community. The difference between the communities was especially great during months 5-7 (p 0.05). For example, in month 7, only 9 % of infants in the control community were healthy compared to 42% of those in the experimental community. Respiratory illness was the most frequent illness for both groups (3-28% for cases and 11-43% for controls). During the months when mothers introduced semisolid foods as supplements (months 5-6) and even the following month, infants in the control community were significantly more likely to have diarrhea than those in the study community (7-12% vs. 0, p 0.1, and 18% vs. 0, p 0.01, respectively). In every month, some infants in the control group had diarrhea, while in 7 of the 12 months no infant in the experiment group had diarrhea. Mothers of study infants were less likely to seek treatment than those in the experimental group, the difference being significant during months 4-7. Although the proportion of healthy infants fell with infant's age and proportion receiving supplements increased with age in both groups, supplementation occurred earlier and illnesses occurred more often in the control group than the study group. Despite differences in illnesses between the two communities, infant weight was similar for both groups. Regular supplementation was not associated with illness, but measurement of illness may have been subject to reporting bias. These findings suggest that the education program on infant feeding had a positive effect on infant health.