Rural Housing Research Articles

전원주택 선택속성을 이용한 주거만족 및 지속적 거주의향에 관한 연구

Housing satisfaction with rural housing choices is due to the diversity of housing choices that favor quality of life along with economic growth. In this study, we conducted an empirical analysis to analyze the relationship affecting housing satisfaction through a survey of residents on the residential satisfaction and the continued direction of residence in rural housing that is emerging as a new housing option as society diversifies such as the pursuit of a leisurely life in old age and the increase in housing due to the coronavirus pandemic, and to give suggestions for the settlement of the housing type in the future. As a result of the analysis, the factors that affect the residential satisfaction and the continuous residence orientation in rural housing are shown to be physical characteristics, environmental characteristics, location characteristics, and economic characteristics, and the higher the housing satisfaction, the higher the direction of continuous residence.

Enhancing sustainability of polypropylene band and bamboo-reinforced structural elements for rural low cost housing

Enhancing sustainability of polypropylene band and bamboo-reinforced structural elements for rural low cost housing

VPP: Visual Pollution Prediction Framework Based on a Deep Active Learning Approach Using Public Road Images

Visual pollution (VP) is the deterioration or disruption of natural and man-made landscapes that ruins the aesthetic appeal of an area. It also refers to physical elements that limit the movability of people on public roads, such as excavation barriers, potholes, and dilapidated sidewalks. In this paper, an end-to-end visual pollution prediction (VPP) framework based on a deep active learning (DAL) approach is proposed to simultaneously detect and classify visual pollutants from whole public road images. The proposed framework is architected around the following steps: real VP dataset collection, pre-processing, a DAL approach for automatic data annotation, data splitting as well as augmentation, and simultaneous VP detection and classification. This framework is designed to predict VP localization and classify it into three categories: excavation barriers, potholes, and dilapidated sidewalks. A real dataset with 34,460 VP images was collected from various regions across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) via the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing (MOMRAH), and this was used to develop and fine-tune the proposed artificial intelligence (AI) framework via the use of five AI predictors: MobileNetSSDv2, EfficientDet, Faster RCNN, Detectron2, and YOLO. The proposed VPP-based YOLO framework outperforms competitor AI predictors with superior prediction performance at 89% precision, 88% recall, 89% F1-score, and 93% mAP. The DAL approach plays a crucial role in automatically annotating the VP images and supporting the VPP framework to improve prediction performance by 18% precision, 27% recall, and 25% mAP. The proposed VPP framework is able to simultaneously detect and classify distinct visual pollutants from annotated images via the DAL strategy. This technique is applicable for real-time monitoring applications.

Nigeria Housing Scenarios: Lessons to Learn from Wales as an Alternative Approach

Over 40% of Nigerians, out of the country's present population of over 20 million, would reside in urban areas by 2030, according to United Nations demographic experts. Given that 20% of urban residents already live in substandard circumstances and that there is a housing shortfall of over 17 million units in what has grown to be one of the world's greatest low-income housing markets, this is a cause for concern. Many people around the world lack access to decent housing, but the problem seems to be most acute in developing nations like Nigeria. Additionally, there are not many residences available to the growing number of workers in both the formal and informal sectors, particularly in urban areas. In spite of the fact that the effective demand from the vast majority of the population has not changed appreciably, the report notes that housing demand in Nigeria, particularly in urban areas, has continued to climb dramatically. This study finds that all the factors influencing housing supply have reduced the quality of housing in the nation. The results showed a number of concerns with housing shortages based on the pattern mentioned in the literature. It looks at the methods employed to provide housing in Wales, in the United Kingdom (UK), and the strategies used to achieve this, and makes links to the situation in Nigeria in order to strengthen the country's housing institutions, restructure the systems, and create a more robust housing sector so that a balance between urban and rural housing units may be achieved.

An Analysis of Housing Conditions of the Elderly in Rural Areas and the Direction of Rural Housing Welfare Policy from the Perspective of ‘Aging in Place’

It is widely known that the elderly want to spend the rest of their lives in the place where they live, rather than in a hospital or nursing facility, even if they have limited mobility. In Korea, as the aging trend is getting serious in recent years, a social consensus is being created that the local community should be changed to be age-friendly so that the elderly can spend the rest of their lives comfortably in the place where they have lived their whole life. The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction and tasks of residential welfare policy for the rural elderly from the perspective of ‘aging in place’. In order to this, related statistical analysis and field case studies were conducted to derive the housing welfare demand desired by the elderly in rural areas. And based on these findings, housing welfare policy alternatives for the elders in rural area were suggested. In this study, based on the analysis of housing conditions and policy demands, the following three directions for housing welfare policies for the elderly in rural areas are presented: ① Enhancing the safety and convenience of housing for the elderly in rural areas ② Establishing an age-friendly village and town development project model to improve the residential environment of rural villages ③ Establishing a rural housing welfare delivery model based on AIP.

Investigation of Housing Projects for Rural Areas in Terms of Sustainability Criteria with Revit-The Case of Kayseri

To realize sustainable rural development, it aims to contribute to constructing rural dwellings that are sensitive to climate change and resistant to disasters, where resources are used efficiently. The study was carried out in five parts. In the first part, the study area was determined. Secondly, information about the subject was collected. The third part is the field study, and the architectural features of the old and new houses in the study area were determined. In the fourth chapter, the rural housing projects designed by TOKİ, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change, and Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University and the selected residences in the study area were modeled in the Revit program and analyzed based on the sustainability criteria. Finally, in the last section, the conclusions and recommendations are presented. It has been found that the housing projects prepared for the rural area are in a disadvantageous position in terms of solar orientation and daylight benefit compared to the residences in the study area and an advantageous situation in terms of energy consumption. This study is limited to examining the determined rural housing in terms of solar utilization and energy consumption characteristics of ecological sustainability. This study's findings indicate that sustainability analyses be made at the design stage of all buildings, especially rural residences. At this point, making these analyzes mandatory for obtaining construction permits may help increase energy-efficient construction. In the literature review, no study was found on examining rural houses according to the sustainability criteria with the Revit Program.

Transformation of rural housing in Western Siberia (Kemerovo region, the 20th century)

Purpose: To suggest factors of transformation (formation) of rural dwelling architecture in Western Siberia. Identification of factors that determine changes in the dwelling archi tecture. Identification of the specifics of the factor interaction, which determine changes in architecture. Methodology: The analysis of the literature in the field, a comparative historical analysis of the main changes in the architectural solutions of a rural dwelling in Primorye at the end of the 20th century, ethnographic methods of the field research to collect materials for conducting research (interviewing, expert surveys, measurements, photo fixation). Study of works of Siberian historians, architects and ethnographers, namely A.Yu. Mainicheva, V.A. Ilinykh, E.A. Ashchepkov, O.N. Shelegina, L.A. Scriabin, V.M. Kimeev, B.R. Rubanenko, K.K. Kartashova. Research findings: The transformation of rural housing on the example of the Kemerovo region at the beginning of the 20th century. Determined are the main transformation factors, their interaction and hierarchy. Originality : Determination of relationships between sociocultural, economic and other changes as well as changes in the dwelling architecture.

Analysis of The Economic Gap The Community of Citraland Surabaya and The Surrounding Region

One of the satellite cities in Surabaya is Citraland which has been established since 1993 as one of the largest real estate companies in Surabaya. The development of satellite cities which are synonymous with luxury housing has had its own impact, namely there has been a gap with the surrounding area. region and economic disparity (Adisasmita, 2005). Basically housing construction has an impact on economic disparities in the surrounding community. In addition, it also creates an increasingly widening welfare gap between low and high income groups which is measured by income inequality. The method used in this research is literature study. The results of this study are three factors that cause economic inequality, namely first, there is a high disparity related to the income of rural communities and housing; second, there are differences in daily lifestyles; third, differences in geographical conditions/environment of residence.

Beyond the (im)mobility and social‐environmental dichotomy: Young adults' motives to reside in rural northwest Europe

AbstractIn line with the increased attention for residential experiences of young adults in rural areas, this paper explores the diversity of residential motives and combines them into overarching residential orientations. Based on survey data, we distinguish five residential orientations on rural identity, family, livability, housing and employment. These orientations are analysed on the basis of residential history, expectation to stay, agency about residential choices and sociodemographics of young adults. This paper finds that most of the young adults have the expectation to stay in their rural home region for the rest of their lives or at least for the upcoming 10 years. In addition, most of them experience a free choice to reside in their rural home areas. Young adults possess five residential orientations which do not differ much with regard to residential history and the expectation to stay. Nevertheless, whereas the family residential orientation is the most general orientation among young adults, the rural identity residential orientation stands out with specific characteristics among young adults. A stronger rural identity orientation is most likely among independent young adults who experience agency in their residential choice and who expect to stay in the study areas.

Climate Adaptability Analysis of Rural Housing in Guanzhong Region based on Climate Consultant

Energy conservation has been a hot issue contemporarily. Green building design needs to use computer technology to realize modeling and numerical simulation, which is an important method of building sustainable design. China has a vast territory, and the climate difference between different regions is significant, which also leads to the difference of building forms, structure and materials. This research analyzed the climate characteristics of Baoji through Climate consultant 6.0 software, and pointed out that Baoji is cold in winter and hot in summer, and its natural comfort time is short. Thus, it needs to be optimized through passive architectural design. At the same time, this research puts forward solutions to the climate adaptability of buildings, including expanding the southward window opening, introducing natural ventilation, improving the thermal insulation performance of the enclosure structure, and providing technical support for rural building energy conservation and rural revitalization in Guanzhong area.

Research on Legislative Issues Related to The Reform of Homestead Management System in Ningxia

According to the Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goal of 2035, it is necessary to “explore the realization form of the separation of homestead ownership, qualification right and use right. We will guarantee the right of settled farmers to contract land, use homestead land and distribute collective income, and encourage voluntary transfer with compensation in accordance with the law.” Deepening the rural homestead system reform is a beneficial exploration. Revitalizing and utilizing idle rural homestead and rural housing plays a positive role in activating rural land resources and promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas. The fourth Promotion Meeting of the Party Committee and the Government of the Autonomous Region to build the Pilot Zone for Ecological Protection and High-quality Development in the Yellow River Basin specially made arrangements for the reform of the “four rights”, emphasizing that the reform of land rights is conducive to revitalizing land resource elements, activating land market value, and improving the level of economical and intensive use of land.

Analysis of the Housing–Jobs Separation Characteristics of Different Village Types in the Mountainous and Hilly Region of Southwest China

The economic and social transition toward modernization is characterized by a massive outflow of rural labor, which raises problems such as rural job–housing separation and rural decline. Few studies have used rural labor employment microdata to quantitatively analyze the degree of separation between housing and jobs in different types of villages, especially in ecologically fragile mountainous and hilly regions. This article is based on a 2021 survey of 6181 rural households in 158 villages of Chongqing, a mountainous and hilly region of China, and divides villages into city edge, suburban, and outer suburban villages. In this study, the separation degree of housing–jobs (SDHJ) measurement model was created in order to explore the degree of separation between rural jobs and housing in terms of space–time dimension separation in these areas, and the different job–housing separation characteristics under different village types were distinguished. The results show the following. (1) The county’s rural SDHJ has a clear regional differentiation law, and the degrees of separation between housing and jobs in all counties are in the following order: main urban area < northeast of Chongqing < southeast of Chongqing. The degree of separation between housing and jobs presents a spatial pattern of “medium–low perimeter high, local prominence” according to both the degree of temporal separation and the degree of spatial separation. (2) The degrees of separation between housing and jobs in various village types are in the following order: urban fringe villages < suburban villages < outer suburban villages. The distance effect was verified. The SDHJ is typically low in urban fringe villages and moderate in suburban villages, with distinct geographical disparities in labor distribution. The SDHJ is typically higher in the outer suburban villages, where laborers choose long-term long-distance employment. (3) This study proposes some countermeasures that could reduce the SDHJ for different types of villages. The findings have important policy implications for China’s mountainous rural development and serve as a model for other developing countries.

Reflections on the 1980s and After: An Interview by Pamela Riney-Kehrberg with Paul Lasley and David Ostendorf, February 24, 2022

Paul lasley and david ostendorf were crucial participants in Iowa's response to the Farm Crisis of the 1980s. Paul Lasley had just finished his PhD and a postdoc in rural sociology at the University of Missouri when he came to Iowa State University. He worked on many projects that helped farmers cope with the decade's troubles, and often mediated between competing groups in his position with Iowa State Cooperative Extension. He was the founding editor of the Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll, which gathered important evidence of the effects of the crisis at the ground level. Rev. David Ostendorf came to Iowa as part of the advocacy group Rural America. He arrived thinking he would be working on rural housing issues, but quickly found himself working with embattled farmers. When Rural America dissolved, he founded and headed PrairieFire, one of the decade's most important activist agricultural organizations, which demanded and provided aid to distressed farmers. Lasley has recently retired after forty years in Extension and rural sociology at Iowa State. Ostendorf continues to be a minister in the United Church of Christ, as well as organizing on issues of social, economic, and racial justice.In an hourlong conversation, the two of them reflected on their experience of the 1980s, the changes that have happened in agriculture and rural communities in the decades since, and the importance of history.

Application of Technological Tools in Improving Housing Resilience

Seismic events pose a significant threat, particularly to rural communities, with poorly developed construction practices. This has resulted in the loss of life and considerable economic losses owing to substantial numbers of house collapses. The application of best practice in disaster construction knowledge as a means of significantly improving housing resilience is, therefore, a key challenge for most rural construction practices. In this context, effective utilization of available, and feasible technologies in rural areas can help to solve the problem of the inadequate facilitation of communication that is needed to deliver knowledge on the construction of long-term disaster-resilient housing. The study examines the potential for improvement of housing resilience from a disaster knowledge perspective. It responds to the challenges of the effective application of best building practice guidelines in such contexts. The main question of our research is, “Are communication technology tools capable of having a positive effect in establishing a knowledge transfer framework in rural Pakistan?”. The study employs both literature and questionnaire survey, and explores the availability and usability of technologies. It takes a premise in which effective knowledge transfer via reasonably available technological tools can be actionable and made operational. Our findings support the creation of a knowledge transfer framework for rural housing construction to improve disaster mitigation. The approach can assist rural communities in reducing losses and improving response and recovery, thereby improving housing resilience and lowering vulnerabilities.

Environment improvement and energy saving in Chinese rural housing based on the field study of thermal adaptability

China is facing the challenge of high building energy consumption, especially for rural housing, because of the backward construction technology. This issue could be solved by net-zero energy rural housing. Therefore, the passive energy-saving procedures and energy-efficient building service systems of rural housing are needed to be studied apart from renewable energy adoption. Older people with unique thermal acceptability and adaptability become the primary residents in Chinese rural buildings, which calls for the redefinition of the indoor environment. This paper firstly conducted an overall questionnaire about the indoor environment sensation and expectations of the rural elderly in Sichuan province. Field surveys and measurements were carried out in a typical self-built rural house to investigate the thermal comfort of the local order people and the indoor thermal environment variations. Furthermore, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was used to propose a three-layer assessment model for the rural elderly living environment to find retrofit strategies. Results showed that: (1) the thermal environment of rural buildings could not meet the thermal comfort range of older people in summer. (2) The adaptive coefficient (λ) in the adaptive Predicted Mean Vote model was 0.065 for the rural elderly, which was lower than the value of 0.21 in the Chinese standard, indicating their poor thermal adaptability. (3) The summer living environment evaluation was “A little bad”, and the most effective optimization method was to decrease the indoor temperature. (4) Based on the thermal comfort of older people, architectural and construction optimizations were proposed, which could achieve an energy-saving of 52.15 %, contributing to net-zero energy rural housing.

Sustainable Rural Housing Development in Sarawak: A Preliminary Conceptual Framework

Sustainability practices within rural area housing development is relatively scarce. This may be due to insufficient financial support and focus by the local authorities. Some of the rural areas in the largest state of Malaysia, namely, Sarawak, are facing serious housing issues with limited supply of electricity and water, which in turn, creates low standard of living. This seems to imply on the unsustainable housing development. This paper reviewed the international sustainable development approach and the sustainable practices in Malaysia, in housing development. The initial review identified 40 sustainability-related housing indicators, which revealed a potential research area to ascertain different housing indicators for improving the living standards of the rural residents in Sarawak. This research could help to provide a more sustainable housing environment to improve residents’ living standard, and possibly, to suggest a better efficient use of resources, that could help to improve the current government guidelines, for developing sustainable rural housing in Sarawak.

Keith Hoggart. A Contrived Countryside: The Governance of Rural Housing in England, 1900–74. Local and Urban Governance. Cham: Springer, 2021. Pp. 555. $149.99 (cloth).

Keith Hoggart. A Contrived Countryside: The Governance of Rural Housing in England, 1900–74. Local and Urban Governance. Cham: Springer, 2021. Pp. 555. $149.99 (cloth).

The production function socialization trend of rural housing land and its response to rural land planning in metropolitan suburbs from the perspective of rural space commodification

An investigation of the changing production function of rural housing land can help to guide appropriate land use adjustment and rural land planning. Taking into account the layout characteristics from 2005 to 2018, we employed the structural equation model and the theory of planned behavior to analyze the differentiation mechanism of rural housing land production function based on survey data of 613 typical farmers in Pinggu District of Beijing. Our results show that, first, the production function intensity of rural housing land in Pinggu District fell from 0.327 to 0.126, and the coefficient of variation increased from 0.15 to 0.54. This indicates that the overall production function decreased but the spatial heterogeneity increased. Second, the production function of rural housing land gradually withdrew and socialized in villages, following the socialization evolution process of agricultural production function, industrial and commercial service function, and public service function. Third, the internal land use pattern of rural housing land is significantly influenced by the subjective norms and perceptual behavior control of farmers. The demonstrative norms of family and the prescriptive norms of village collective have significant effects on subjective norms, and the perceived behavioral control is significantly affected by income scale and structure, family size, and employment type. Finally, to further promote rural housing land management, it is necessary to optimize its prescriptive norms of the village collective, improve the farmers’ income level and employment structure, and weaken the farmers’ perceived difficulties. According to the different function socialization stages of rural housing land, rural land planning should coordinate the relationship between the production function socialization of rural housing land and the commercialization of rural space, and boost the revitalization of rural industry.

4E analysis of an integrated solar-biomass heating system: A case study in rural housing of northern China

Primary energy shortage and serious environmental pollution have aroused considerable interest in the investigation of renewable energy heating systems. The integrated solar-biomass heating system has been a proven solution for this. This present work focuses on demonstrating the sustainable potential of integrated solar-biomass heating system into a rural housing to stabilize its performance and assessing its economic and environmental benefits. Accordingly, a 4E (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) analysis was conducted to analyze and evaluate the performance of the system based on the in-situ testing. The results demonstrate that the presented system can provide an improved thermal environment with an average indoor temperature of 16.49 °C. During the testing period, solar energy and biomass contributed 49.19 % and 50.81 % of the total energy demand of 6972.23 MJ, respectively. Subsequently, the average exergy efficiency of the integrated system, the solar heaters, the biomass boiler, and the radiators were 3.35 %, 2.65 %, 12.42 %, and 89.16 %, respectively. Besides, the presented system can save 1749.29 kg of standard coal every year, and the life-cycle carbon footprint was 78.65 % less than that of the traditional coal-fired boiler-based heating system. These results indicate that the integrated system can significantly reduce primary energy consumption and provide remarkable economic and environmental benefits.

Housing inadequacy in rural Saskatchewan First Nation communities.

Housing and house conditions on First Nation communities in Canada are important determinants of health for community members. Little is known about rural First Nation housing in the Canadian Prairies. The aim was to survey houses in two rural First Nation communities in Saskatchewan, Canada to understand housing conditions, prevalence of mold/mildew and dampness, and sources, locations and frequency of mold and dampness. Surveys were conducted with an adult member of each household in 144 houses. Surveys assessed: size, age, and number of rooms in the house; number of individuals residing in the house; presence of mold/mildew and dampness, and sources, locations and frequency of mold and dampness. Houses were mostly two-bedrooms (25.7%) or more (67.4%). Thirty-one percent of houses had six or more people living in the house with crowding present in 68.8% of houses. Almost half of the houses (44.5%) were in need of major repairs. More than half of the houses had water or dampness in the past 12 months in which dripping/puddles and standing water were most commonly identified and were from surface water and plumbing. More than half of the houses indicated that this dampness caused damage. A smell of mold or mildew was present in over half of the houses (52.1%) and 73.3% of these houses indicated that this smell was always present. Housing adequacy including crowding, dampness, and mold are significant issues for houses in these two rural Saskatchewan First Nation communities. Housing inadequacy is more common in these rural communities as compared to Canadian statistics. Housing inadequacy is modifiable and is important to address for multiple reasons, but notably, as a social determinant of health. Federal government strategy to address and redress housing in First Nation communities in Canada is a fiduciary responsibility and critical to reconciliation.