Rural Domestic Waste Research Articles

Pollutants-Producing and Pollutants-Discharge Coefficients of Nitrogen and Phosphorous in Rural Domestic Sources in Taihu Lake Basin, China

Nine households of high, medium and low income level were selected as representative household of the Taihu Lake basin, China to study the measuring method of pollutant producing coefficient (PPC) and pollutant discharge coefficient (PDC) of rural domestic sewage and organic waste. Results showed that the income level had no significant influences on TN-/TP-PPC of rural domestic sewage but substantially affected the production and TN-/TP-PDC of domestic sewage, as well as the production and TN-/TP-PPC/PDC of organic waste, which corresponded with income such that high-income farmer households produced the most and the middle income produced lesser and the low income households produced the least amount. The utilization and treatment efficiency of toilet wastewater and the comprehensive utilization rate of organic wastes, particularly the rate of livestock were the primary influencing factors of domestic sewage and waste PDC. These factors were substantially affected by agricultural income level and septic tank type.

Generation of Domestic Solid Waste in Rural Areas: Case Study of Remote Communities in the Brazilian Amazon

The Brazilian rural population is estimated to be around 30 million people and many rural areas do not have universal access to basic infrastructure services, including those related to solid waste. There are very few scientific studies on rural domestic solid waste and more investigative work is needed to provide information for appropriate solid waste management policies. This paper aims to characterize rural domestic solid waste in terms of quantity and quality. Amazonian rural communities were chosen for our case study. The issue of domestic solid waste was characterized both by means of interviews, at household level, and by a study of industrialized products traded in the communities located along the banks of the Jurua River, in the Brazilian Amazon. Quantitative results have shown that generation of solid waste in these rural communities reaches 0.5 kg/person/day. Organic matter represents 90 % of domestic solid waste generation and is mainly reused to feed animals and/or is composted using a method called pau. Inorganic solid waste (10 %) is either reused, burned or inadequately dumped in open sites. Based on these data, the annual production of solid waste is 437 tons per year in these communities. Since infrastructure services are virtually non-existent in this rural context, even this amount of solid waste may have a serious environmental impact, with negative effects on the population’s health, particularly in terms of hazardous waste. Even though solid waste management solutions for rural populations might not always be based on economic efficiency, decision makers responsible for development and planning should present solutions that are socially, technologically, environmentally and economically suitable for this context.

重庆城乡统筹区村镇生活垃圾处置现状及对策

通过对全国及重庆市村镇生活垃圾产生的原因和处置现状分析，提出了进一步推进重庆城乡统筹区村镇生活垃圾无害化处理的对策。即通过完善行政立法和项目规划，加强环保宣传，建立多元化环保融资渠道从而加大投入，进一步完善垃圾收运系统，推进实施“分类分散处理与集中处理相结合”的生活垃圾处理技术，实现村镇生活垃圾的“减量化、资源化、无害化”处理，从而逐步缓解村镇生活垃圾带来的环境问题。 In order to achieve rural domestic waste harmless treatment in Chongqing urban and rural areas, the status of rural domestic waste production and treatment in China were analyzed, and the feasible rural domestic waste management countermeasures were discussed. For strengthening management of rural domestic waste, the key measures including improving administrative legislation and project planning, strengthening the propaganda of environmental protection, and increasing environmental protection investment through establishing diversified financing channels were carried out. In addition, based on the technical strategy “sorting and distributed treatment combined with centralized treatment”, the rural domestic waste collection and transportation system should be further improved. On the basis of measures, the treatment of rural domestic waste could realize source reduction, sanitary treatment and resource recovery, and the environmental problems caused by rural domestic waste could be reduced.

Domestic solid waste discharge and its determinants in rural China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the discharge volume of domestic solid waste in rural China and to explore the potential impact of various factors that contribute to it. Design/methodology/approach – The data used in this study come from a large-scale field survey conducted in six Chinese provinces. Based on the collected survey data, econometric model on the determinants of domestic solid waste discharge was constructed and used for analysis. Findings – Results from the study show that the per capita daily discharge of rural domestic solid waste was close to 1 kg in 2010, slightly less than the urban level of 1.2 kg. Results from descriptive statistical analysis and econometric estimation indicate that by implementing selected policy measures, the discharge of solid waste can be significantly reduced. In addition, the discharge of domestic solid waste is also closely related with local socio-economic development. In particular, the results show an obvious inverted U-shaped curve between discharge volume and income. The increase of off-farm labor opportunities would also reduce solid waste discharge in rural China. Originality/value – This paper focuses on domestic solid waste discharge and its determinants in rural China, a research area very important but seldom reported.

Estimating Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in the Upper Huairou Reservoir Using the Export Coefficient Model

Quantifying agricultural non-point pollution load accurately and understanding contribution of the pollution sources clearly is the base how to control non-point source pollution effectively. Pollution loads from agricultural non-point source in the upper Lianghuai basin of Huairou Reservoir, including Huaisha River and Huaijiu River basin, were estimated according to export coefficient modeling. The results show that total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads in Lianghuai basin respectively are 322.52 t and 35.769 t in 2011.The total nitrogen and total phosphorus load intensities in Huaisha River basin are higher than that in Huaijiu River basin. Farmland planting including orchard and cropland, livestock and poultry breeding and rural domestic waste make a greater contribution to total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads. The study can provide scientific basis for further understanding characteristics of the nitrogen and phosphorus loads and agricultural structure adjustment.

The Treatment Countermeasures and Suggestions on Rural Domestic Waste of Hebei Province

This paper analyzes the most of the rural living garbage processing status in hebei province, points out the existing problems of garbage disposal way; Is proposed first to scientific classification to classify the rural living garbage disposal processing mode; And in strengthening infrastructure construction and improve the sanitation team to provide the reference suggestion.

An Analytical Study on the Resource Recycling Potentials of Urban and Rural Domestic Waste in China

Abstract The total wet-basis weight of urban and rural domestic waste in China is about 500,000,000 tons every year, 60% of which comes from dry-basis waste (about 300,000,000 tons). Single-composition, clean waste that is separated on a dry basis, especially the low-value components such as food waste and plastics, has huge resource recycling potentials. The potential added values from resource recycling of the 500,000,000 tons of urban and rural domestic waste would be around RMB 926.17 billion, RMB 1,065.98 billion and RMB 1,205.81 billion upon three prices of granulated organic-inorganic compound fertilizers. A potential value of RMB 1,065.98 billion, for instance, would be 2.26% of China's 2011 GDP (RMB 47.1564 trillion), which may make resource recycling of domestic waste one of the large industries. Resource recycling of domestic waste is a major energy-saving and environment-friendly strategic emerging industry in China, and a prioritized management strategy for resource recycling of domestic waste should be established for the maximum resource recycling.

Assessment and analysis of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Hubei Province, China

Eutrophication due to non-point source (NPS) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) has become a serious pollution problem in many Chinese rivers. In this paper, the export coefficient model (ECM) was used to assess the influence of NPS on N and P loading to the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) of Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. Data from the main non-point sources were analyzed from 1995 to 2007, including rural domestic wastes, distributed livestock farms, fertilizers and soil erosion. Additionally, the potential N and P loading from NPS originated from a variety of sources were estimated and analyzed from 1995 to 2007, including runoff from rural domestic waste, livestock farms, land use, and atmospheric deposition, using the ECM. These gave the temporal distributions of the potential NPS loads within the reservoir area. The results indicated that the potential total nitrogen (TN) load was much higher than the potential total phosphorus (TP) load. The calculated TN load was 2.83 × 10 4 tonnes, while the TP load was 2.14 × 10 3 tonnes in 2007, with a ratio of TN/TP of 13.23. Record shows that “algae blooms” occurred 8 times in TGRA that year. Therefore, there may be a correlation between the eutrophication potential in the inlet water of TGRA and the TN/TP ratio of potential NPS loads. These findings demonstrate that the export coefficient model could provide a simple and reliable approach to evaluate the potential N and P loading to the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China and may be useful for the planning and management of the local agricultural watersheds.

Precaution Policy and Investigation on Pollution Status of Rural Domestic Waste in Beijing

By investigating 18 villages of a town in Beijing, some pollution problems are shown as follows: collection and management system of waste is incomplete and the villagers know little about environment protection; garbage cans, many of which are damaged and lost, are far more to meet the disposal demand of increasing solid wastes; insufficient collecting vehicles run inefficiently, and simple landfill is the only disposal way. In the end, related countermeasures are put forward basing on analysis of region status.