Rural Coastal Areas Research Articles

Bioclimate in Built Environment

The bioclimatic aspects are associated with building environmental performance that makes a building help minimum impact on the environment, attention to human health and safety, minimum energy consumption. The ergonomic design of buildings contributes to maintaining the bioclimatic aspects of the buildings. The study reflects building structure and materials used depend on occupant choices, lifestyle, and economic viability. Therefore, the low-cost mud houses of the coastal regions often follow local practices. The dwelling pattern (two adjacent rooms opening to the corridor) was more prevalent in rural and semiurban areas. The housing exteriors are typical rural locales, commonly comprising agricultural fields, vegetation areas, and ponds. The statistical analysis covering different bioclimatic components, such as transportation availabilities, surrounding environment, and building structure, indicated a significant difference among remote rural, rural and semi-urban residences. The climatic conditions of the four village blocks covered in the study were hot and humid. The component structures provided a basis to explore further the possible influence of additional passive design options in constructing dwellings in coastal rural and semi-urban areas and enhancing thermal comfort. Selective passive design solutions indicate improvements in yearly total thermal comfort hours. Given the viability of poor residents in coastal rural and semi-urban areas, introducing interventions like passive solar direct gain, high thermal mass, night flush, natural and fan-forced ventilation, and evaporative cooling can improve the extent of ~18% in yearly thermal comfort hours. An overall bioclimatic analysis of the rural and semiurban coastal dwellings suggests that some passive design strategies can substantially enhance the thermal comfort of the inhabitants.

Social policy on the rural coastal communities: why the implementation fails?

This paper analyses the failure of social policy implementation for rural coastal communities. We focus on the comparison of two social policies for fishermen communities. This research was carried out in rural coastal areas in Natuna and Bintan, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. We used a qualitative approach to explore both the content and the context of the policies. A series of participants were approached through an in-depth interview. This study shows that the stressing on the policy content has ignored the policy context, causing policy failure. Theoretically, this research adds to the body of literature on policy implementation by offering a comparative case study. In the process of implementing public policy, we practically suggest to the government to provide special attention to the context of where the policy is implemented to minimize the policy failure.

Continuous Electrocoagulation Treatment of Borneo Tropical Brackish Peat Water from Palm Oil Plantation Region for Domestic Consumption in Coastal Rural Areas

Continuous Electrocoagulation Treatment of Borneo Tropical Brackish Peat Water from Palm Oil Plantation Region for Domestic Consumption in Coastal Rural Areas

Cultural Ecosystem Services: The Case of Coastal-Rural Area (Nemunas Delta and Curonian Lagoon, Lithuania)

The benefits or harms of external and internal consequences for the viability of ecosystems are revealed through the impact on the quality of human life. The issues of assessing these benefits or harms are significant for the whole society and are therefore analyzed from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The article seeks to theoretically examine the coherence between humans and ecosystems, ensuring the social and economic well-being of present and future generations in the context of cultural ecosystem services (CES). As well, the article seeks to present the empirical research, carried out on the possibilities of adapting human activities to CES in the specific area, i.e., coastal-rural area, evaluating the past, present and future CES potential in the Lithuanian coastal zone, Nemunas Delta and Curonian Lagoon in Lithuania. Elderships located near the Curonian Lagoon or within the protected area of the Nemunas Delta Regional Park were selected for the study. For this purpose, the empirical study involved representatives of different (public and private) sectors and stakeholders. The research was carried out in local tourism cultural centers and elderships with four group respondents (tourists, farmers, entrepreneurs, eldership employees). The research revealed the past and the current situation of CES potential and showed the possible CES potential future development directions. The article described the opportunities for the rural population (a potential supply of cultural ecosystems) to achieve diversification of economic activities and the needs of tourists (a potential demand for cultural ecosystems) to achieve service differentiation. Therefore, the recommendations have been formulated on how to exploit future CES of a specific territory by “employing” available natural resources, i.e., the ecosystems.

Marsh Migration, Climate Change, and Coastal Resilience: Human Dimensions Considerations for a Fair Path Forward

Coastal regions worldwide will be dramatically reshaped by the impacts of sea-level rise. Of particular concern are impacts on coastal wetlands, the loss of which would have consequences for both human and ecological communities. The future of many coastal wetlands will depend greatly on their capacities to migrate into uplands. Coastal resilience work within wetland sciences has increasingly focused on developing strategies to promote marsh migration into rural uplands; however, less attention has been given to the impacts that migrating marshes have on people in these landscapes. In this paper, we share rural perspectives and experiences with marsh migration through three case-studies from collaborative research with rural, low-lying communities on the Chesapeake Bay, USA. These case-studies demonstrate the complexities of the challenges facing rural communities as a result of marsh migration, and reveal important issues of equity and injustice that need attention in future coastal resilience work. We draw upon a socio-ecological systems (SES) approach to highlight potential human-ecological misalignments that emerge with marsh migration and to offer future research questions to inform socially-just and resilient wetland migration planning in rural coastal areas.

The Optimization of New Media Marketing in Coastal Rural Tourist Area in the Internet Age

Su, Y., 2020. The optimization of new media marketing in coastal rural tourist area in the internet age. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 136-139. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In the Internet age, the development of e-commerce has brought new opportunities to the marketing of coastal rural tourist attractions in my country, which will help expand the marketing channels of coastal rural tourist attractions and reduce marketing costs. However, due to the immature rural new media marketing environment, the quality of coastal rural tourist attractions to be improved, the single new media marketing method and the lack of professional new media marketing talents, the new media marketing of coastal rural tourist attractions in my country has fallen into a certain predicament. Based on this, to promote the new media marketing of coastal rural tourist attractions in my country, it is necessary to improve the new media marketing environment of coastal rural tourist attractions, focus on the development of coastal rural tourist attractions, innovate marketing methods and actively cultivate rural e-commerce talents.

Study on the Development of Marine Cultural Industry in Gokarna: A Coastal Rural Area of India

Tong, T., 2020. Study on the development of marine cultural industry in Gokarna: A coastal rural area of India. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 298–300. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The Indian coastal rural marine culture industry has developed rapidly in recent years. Relying on ocean resources, the marine industry has gradually become a new engine allowing India to transfer surplus labor force and promote national economic and social development in coastal rural areas, but there are still many shortcomings. Taking Gokarna as an example, this article briefly introduces the natural and human economy, marine culture, and tourism development of Gokarna, and puts forward the issues of marine cultural industry development: excessive development of marine cultural resources, scattered and disordered enterprise layout, still small scale. These problems are not consistent with the current situation of the sustainable and development of the marine economy; it is urgent for the government to guide and intervene. The countermeasures are to (1) strive for financial support, adhere to sustainable development, innovate marine cultural products, and establish awareness of the integrated development of the urban and rural marine cultural industry; (2) issue a special plan for the development of rural marine cultural industry in coastal areas as soon as possible; and (3) actively play a cultural driving function. The cultural industries in rural areas should be developed based on innovation of science and information technology.

The Inclusive Reform of Rural Finance in Eastern Coastal Areas under the Background of Internet Finance and Its Promotion to Fishery Economy

Wu, Y.; Wu, P., and Ma, W., 2020. The inclusive reform of rural finance in eastern coastal areas under the background of internet finance and its promotion to fishery economy. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 31-34. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Since entering the 21st century, with the development of Internet and information technology, Internet finance has deeply affected all aspects of society. Compared with traditional financial services, the Internet financial model is novel, easy to operate, time-saving and labor-saving. It has become the main driving force to promote the development and reform of the financial industry. Marine fishery is a labor-intensive industry, which plays an important role in deepening the adjustment of fishery structure, expanding the export of agricultural products to earn foreign exchange, broadening rural employment channels and promoting the construction of small towns. Under the current new situation of inclusive financial reform in the eastern coastal rural areas, how to promote the development of local fishery economy is an important issue to be faced with. Based on this, this paper studies the inclusive reform of rural finance in the eastern coastal areas under the background of Internet finance and its promoting effect on fishery economy. Some suggestions are put forward for deepening the reform of inclusive rural finance in the new era.

Understanding coastal public health: Employment, behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with geographical inequalities. The HUNT study, Norway.

Recent decades have shown an international trend of decline in small-scale fishing; a longstanding and vital industry for numerous coastal populations. The decline has resulted in a loss of livelihoods in many coastal communities, potentially afflicting public health. Still, knowledge about the health situation of these areas is limited. Former studies on coastal health have primarily defined coastal areas based solely on their proximity to the coast, therefore not targeting the traditional coastal communities with longstanding coastal involvement through small-scale fishing. In this paper, we aim to illuminate the health situation in these areas by introducing a more fine-grained classification of the coastal study population; considering both geographical proximity to the coast, population density and employment in fishing. Using data from the Norwegian population-based HUNT Study, we perform individual and simultaneous adjustments for employment, behavioural and psychosocial factors to assess the contributions of these factors to the association between geographical affiliation and self-rated general health. The rural coastal areas with a history of small-scale fishing show a poorer health situation compared to urban coastal, rural inland and rural fjord populations, and behavioural factors contribute the most to the observed health disparities. Our findings encourage greater focus on societal differences between coastal communities when studying coastal health.

A typology of household livelihood changes in rural coastal areas of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta—Capturing the heterogeneity and complexity of the social‐ecological context

Over the last decades, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has experienced drastic political, socio‐economic, and ecological changes. On a conceptual level, numerous studies started to emphasize that livelihood shifts are driven by not only climate but also socio‐economic and institutional changes. Nevertheless, on an analytical and operational level, research taking up both aspects of social and ecological changes in analysing the dynamics of livelihood is still lacking. This paper therefore is to present a typology of livelihood transitions to capture complex sets and interactions of environmental and non‐environmental drives for livelihood changes. The paper thus aims at providing a valid representation of the shifts on the ground that can also be used in policy‐making and future research. Using data from a household survey conducted in three provinces (n = 524), we propose a typology of six livelihood‐change trends that reflects the level of intensity of agrarian adjustments, particularly system‐shift versus diversification, as well as the role of non‐agricultural income changes. The typology allows further analysis of characteristics of the six household groups respectively, thereby facilitating the identification of enabling factors and barriers to sustainable livelihood improvements. This classification method can also be transferred to develop similar household livelihood‐change typologies in other contexts.

Research on Sports Tourism Promoting Sustainable Development of Coastal Rural Areas Based on Fuzzy Fault Tree

This paper discusses the problems and countermeasures of sports tourism in promoting sustainable development of coastal rural areas through literature data and fuzzy fault tree analysis. Based on the tourism supply chain theory and the actual situation of coastal rural revitalization, analyze the possible reasons for influencing sports tourism to promote rural sustainable development, and finally establish a fuzzy fault tree. Problems in rural sports tourism include the lack of social capital that hinders the sustainable development and construction of coastal villages; the lack of diversified forms of sports tourism to revitalize rural areas; and the neglect of the construction of urban-rural blending areas in coastal rural sports tourism. Conclusions: sports tourism should adapt to the development of the rural economy and actively absorb social capital; establish a development-oriented thinking of poverty alleviation through sports, and use subjective initiative to enrich sports tourism; take advantage of the difference in endowment of sports factors and make full use of urban-rural blending areas.

Demographic Characteristics and Noneconomic Outcomes of Women Entrepreneurs with Moderation of Barriers: The Case of Small Enterprises in Rural Coastal Area of Indonesia

As a means of escaping poverty, women often become entrepreneurs while maintaining a traditional occupation and this may limit their ability to take full advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities. This study provides a relevant examination of women entrepreneurs in a rural coastal area of a developing country; as such, it helps contribute to perspectives on demographic characteristics, on the barriers to, and the noneconomic outcomes of women entrepreneurs in the rural areas of developing countries. The results demonstrate that all the demographic characteristics of women entrepreneurs correlate significantly with noneconomic outcomes. Meanwhile, only three of five barriers were found to moderate the relationship between the demographic characteristics and noneconomic outcomes. These barriers are likely to affect the real-world relationship between the demographic characteristics and non-economic outcomes. For that reason, great attentions need to be given for policy makers to improve the presence of small enterprises.

PENAWARAN SAYUR KELOR (MORINGA OLEIFERA) MENTAH PADA PASAR TRADISIONAL AMBUAU INDAH DI PESISIR KECAMATAN LASALIMU SELATAN

The supply of moringa leaf vegetables in rural coastal areas has its own characteristics compared to the supply of commercial commodities in general. This happens because of the strong social relations in rural areas, and the form of products offered is raw products. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the number of raw moringa vegetable supply at the trader level and analyze the effect of each on the number of raw moringa vegetable supply. The research data were collected from the raw moringa vegetable traders in the Ambuau Indah Traditional Market in Lasalimu Selatan Sub-district as many as 21 respondents obtained for 3 months, from February to April 2020, then analyzed descriptively and using multiple regression with variables dummy. The results of the study are the factors identified as a consideration of traders determining the offer of moringa leaf vegetables are the purchase price (71%), sales costs (60%), profits (75%), vegetable origin (50%), but there are social reasons which help meet the needs of other people's vegetables (90%) and in order to make money (92). Meanwhile, the variable purchase price, cost of sales, profits, and vegetable origin simultaneously able to contribute effectively to predict the amount of appropriate vegetable deals determinant coefficient (R2) of 0.762, or Adjusted R Square of 0.682. However, the relationship between the purchase price and selling cost variables with the number of supply variables is negative, while the profit and vegetable origin variable is positive, each with a small value.
 
 Keywords: supply, rural coast, raw moringa vegetable

Quantitative identification and spatial analysis of land use ecological-production-living functions in rural areas on China's southeast coast

The quantitative identification of land use functions (LUFs) forms the basis of land use planning and management. Based on the widely recognized “ecological-production-living” function in sustainable development, a uniform classification and value evaluation system of LUFs for China's rural land use planning and management is established. To highlight the functions of ecological regulation, product supply and living security, the LUFs were divided into 8 primary functions and 20 subfunctions. LUF value evaluation function groups were established based on the indirect or direct value of land use. For empirical research, Fengzhou Town, a typical rural coastal area in southeastern China, was selected as an example. The results show that the values of the ecological, production and living functions account for 14.31%, 44.54% and 41.15% of the total value, respectively. This finding indicates that the primary direction of land use in the study area is oriented toward pursuing the production and living functions. The spatial distribution of the values of the production and living functions shows obvious consistency, and they are also clearly complementary with the ecological function. More than 90% of the land area is assigned double or triple functions, which indicates that the multifunctional characteristics of land use are significant, while the spatial function zoning is disordered. These findings are consistent with the socioeconomic development of the study area, demonstrating that the established classification and value evaluation system of LUFs can reliably reflect realistic land use and will provide scientific support for the multifunctional utilization and effective management of rural land in China.

Needs Analysis to Develop Mathematics Teaching Material of Senior High School (SMA) Based on Problem Based Learning

Students’ ability in solving mathematical problem has optimal yet. This is due to mathematics learning provide less opportunity for the students to get involved in a challenging problem during learning process. The purpose of this research is to develop learning devices in the form of lesson plan and worksheet based on Problem Based Learning (PBL). This is a development research. The development model employed in this research is Plomp Model. This model consists of 3 phases, namely, preliminary research, development or prototyping phase, and assessment phase. In this part, the reported one is the preliminary research. The result of data analysis on preliminary research shows that: 1) Teacher is not able yet to develop learning device in order to improve students’ ability in problem solving. 2) Students’ inability to solve story problem. 3) Students are not capable to work on different question from the sample given. 4) Students are expecting to have a real life context problem on worksheet in relation with their daily life. 5) Students prefer to work on group. 6) Students who live in a rural coastal area tend to be less motivated and less active in the learning process.

Understanding gear choices and identifying leverage points for sustainable tropical small-scale marine fisheries

In rural coastal areas of most countries of the Global South, small-scale fisheries (SSF) are the main source of food and income, and a key driver of local economies. Ensuring sustainability of SSF requires an understanding of socio-economic and cultural contexts and consideration of the drivers of fishers' behaviour, in particular in terms of spatial and temporal fishing patterns and gear choice. In this study, we assess the contribution of SSF to local fish consumption, explore drivers behind fishers' gear choice and compare the profitability of different fishing gears used in the Colombian Pacific coast, providing context to a discussion on SSF management strategies. We estimated a mean annual fish consumption of 237 kg per capita in the study area, which is higher than most estimates from coastal communities worldwide. Bottom trawls, a gear type banned by the fishing authority, had appealing characteristics for fishers with limited income opportunities: low investment and maintenance costs, low operational risks, high value of target species and high profitability. Users of gillnets of small mesh size (≤2.75”) targeted the most valuable species in the market, white shrimp (Penaeus occidentalis), but their catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and associated profit varied between villages, likely related to spatial patterns of resource abundance and fishing effort. Longlines were used by a small percentage of fishers who had a higher perception of theft risks than other gear user groups. Commonly used leverage points for SSF sustainability, such as an economic compensation to fishers or redistribution of fishing effort from illegal to legal gears, could also be combined with more impactful ones, such as facilitating fishers’ organizational capacities and empowerment for co-management schemes. Our results provide an essential - and often overlooked - socio-economic perspective for managers in tropical SSF that aim to pursue a holistic approach to fisheries management, based on an improved understanding of the incentives and constraints that influence fishing behaviour.

The effects of weather shocks on early childhood development: Evidence from 25 years of tropical storms in Jamaica

This study analyses the effects of exposure to tropical storms and hurricanes during pregnancy on children’s anthropometric measures taken within the first five years of life. We merge destruction indexes calculated at the district level with 13 yearly rounds of household level surveys from Jamaica. The empirical strategy exploits variation arising from the storms’ timing and intensity across different cohorts within the same district. The findings rule out medium-to-large overall adverse effects of tropical storms. However, when expectant mothers living in coastal-rural areas are affected by the cumulative destruction of two hurricanes, their children experience negative impacts on both weight-for-age and weight-for-height measures.

Engaging faith-based communities for rural coastal resilience: lessons from collaborative learning on the Chesapeake Bay

Rural coastal areas are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. In the USA, much energy is devoted to conserving rural coastal ecosystems by promoting their adaptation to climate change. However, these areas are also home to vulnerable and underserved communities who can be challenging to engage in climate adaptation discussions. Churches—as trusted social institutions—may offer a structure through which government decision-makers and rural residents can engage to improve the resilience of these rural coastal regions. We employed collaborative learning to engage government decision-makers and rural church members on the topic of climate impacts on Maryland’s Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. We analyzed the collaborative learning process and its outcomes using ethnographic methods. In this paper, we present our approach and discuss the benefits and challenges of collaborative learning with rural churches. We found that this approach yielded major benefits including greater understanding of capacities and limitations in addressing environmental challenges, increased trust and social networks, expanded engagement with a greater diversity of stakeholders, increased opportunities for new conversations, new pathways toward interventions, and stakeholder empowerment. Collaborating with churches is not without challenges though; it requires considerable time and effort and presents difficulties in navigating social hierarchies and specialized language, identifying common goals, grappling with the newness of climate change, and overcoming institutional barriers. Despite these challenges, we conclude that collaborative learning with churches is a valuable approach for information exchange and network-building toward more resilient rural coasts.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vision Impairment Combined With Distance and Near Vision: A Cross Sectional Study in Coastal Province of Southern China Among Urban and Rural Adults

Background: Visual impairment (VI) and blindness remain the major public health problems worldwide and have a profound impact on an individual’s health and quality of life as well as on society. To broaden the mode of ophthalmologic epidemiological survey, and evaluate the prevalence and demographic associations of distance and near vision impairment in urban and rural population in a province of Southern China in which includes both coastal and inland areas. Methods: The Fujian Eye Study was a population-based cross-sectional study during 2018-2019. Residents aged ≥ 50 years in randomly sampled communities were recruited (10090 subjects). The survey covered urban and rural populations, and coastal and inland populations. Participants underwent a questionnaire about socioeconomic and biological factors and a series of standard examinations both physical and ocular. Findings: 8211 (81·4%) were eventually enrolled, including rural (3533 subjects) and urban (4678) population, or coastal (6434) and inland (1777) groups. Mean age was 64·39 (SD 8·87) years. Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 0·61 (0·30), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0·82 (0·28) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) was 0·28 (0·17). 0·45% of the participants were blind, 3·33% had distance vision impairment (DVI), 68·58% had present near vision impairment (PNVI), presbyopia was noted in 68·33% participants and 2·85% had combined vision impairment (CVI). The rate of PNVI was higher in rural population compared with urban population (70·48% vs 67·13%). DVI rate was higher in inland population compared with coastal population (5·08% vs 2·79%). CVI rate was higher in both rural and inland population (3·43% vs 2·33%, 3·97% vs 2·50%). VI was significantly correlated with socioeconomic or biological factors, including age, urban and rural region, coastal and inland area, educational background, income and refractive error, whereas sex was not significantly associated with VI. Interpretation: There was still high prevalence of blindness and VI in China. The percentage of PNVI was higher in rural population, DVI rate was higher in inland population, and CVI rate was higher in both rural and inland populations, which suggesting a need for increasing accessible services with improvement resources and advocacy for enhancing eye health literacy. Funding Statement: The National Natural Science Foundation of China. Declaration of Interests: XXL’s institute received financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no·81870672) from the National Natural Science Foundation Committee. All authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The 2018–2019 FJES protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiamen Eye Center affiliated with Xiamen University, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Evaluating the Impact of Technological Adoption Policy for Rural Coastal Communities

The solar power plant program is the policy issued by the Indonesian government to assist the rural community on electrical supply in remote islands. However, there is no study to evaluate the implementation of the program for rural coastal areas. In this paper, we examine the impact of new technology adoption for rural coastal communities. We focused on the economic effect of adopting solar power generation in Karimun Regency, Kepulauan Riau. The data were collected using a survey on 262 households in two villages. Using a before-after evaluation strategy, we analyse how the economic condition of the society before and after implementing the new equipment. We find that the implementation of a solar power plant has a positive impact on increasing the household’s income. The results contribute to our understanding of how the effect of adopting the technological policy for rural coastal communities.