Rural Areas Of Bangladesh Research Articles

A literacy review of tertiary levels teacher’s modern technological literacy ratio in rural area of Bangladesh

Modern technology has enhanced the aptitude of tertiary level education worldwide but just in the case of Bangladesh, we've got seen an adulthood educational method belief among the teachers, instructors, and facilitators in recent covid 19 outbreaks especially on the remote educational institutions. Most of the explanations we've found are inaccessibility of contemporary technology especially android multimedia devices together with a computer device, together with internet accessibility just in case of using the multiterminal platform for using local remote teaching. Especially unaffordability, internet expense, fragile financial condition, illiterate behavior towards acceptancy, low percentage of the sophistication monitoring system, absence of scholars and systemic review, proper liability towards authority who is additionally incapable to handle modern technological properties fluently. Our research has found 82% of grade school instructors and teachers don’t use modern devices like android devices, computers, laptops, printers, routers, internet connections in Debidwar, Comillam Chittagong, Bangladesh where our study found among 185 grade schools which serves over 35000 students approximately. In a recent case, the change has been made by Swaniti Initiative SPARC Fellow, USA Mr. Engr. Arun kanti Howlader with the support of local constituency Member of Parliament Mr. Razee Mohammad Fakhrul in before covid 19 outbreak where now the proportion become 3% just in case of illiteracy of primary education instructor’s modern technology literacy. Our study finds the subsequent outbreaks shown below:

Snake Envenomation in the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Snake bite and the subsequent envenomation is an important health hazard which may lead to fatality in rural areas of Bangladesh.
 Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical profile, treatment and outcome for patients with snake bite admitted in the intensive care unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh.
 Methodology: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative and Intensive Care Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2019 to April 2020 for a period one year. The patients of snake bite were treated in the Intensive care unit, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A questionnaire, containing information on bite, physical examination and identification of snake was used.
 Results: A total number of 23 patients of snake bite were treated in the Intensive care unit. Among the patients, 16 (69.56%) were bitten by cobra, 2 (8.6%) were suspected to be bitten by krait and 5(21.7%) cases had Russel viper bite. Tight tourniquet was used in 15(65.21%) cases. Among the patients 18(78.26%) patients were observed with the features of neurotoxicity with or without local envenoming. Among all patients, one patient required two doses of ASV, another patient needed 3 doses; but the other patients were found to be improved after getting a single dose of ASV. However, 15 patients needed ventilator support. The mean duration of ventilator support was 4.8 days. The mortality was 30.43% (7 patients). Out of these 7 patients, 4 patients died due to acute renal failure with DIC.
 Conclusion: Neuroparalytic Cobra envenomation is accounted for the highest incidence of venomous bites in the present study.
 Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2022;9(1):48-55

HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN RURAL AREAS OF KHULNA DISTRICT

The health care seeking behavior is a growing concern which in realizing the characteristics of health as well as level of health care knowledge of the adolescent girls in Bangladesh. The study aimed to explore the health care seeking behavior of the adolescent girls who were belonged to the age group of 13 to 19 in three villages under Batiaghata Upazilla of Khulna district. Following survey research design a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) was used to collect data from 157 respondents by using simple random sampling. Findings reveal that majority of the respondent (66.9 percent) were Islam believers and accomplished secondary level (60.5 percent) of education. Moreover, maximum respondents were practicing allopath (66 percent), treatment received from pharmacy (42 percent). More than 50 percent (50.3%) maintained menstruation management by using sanitary napkin as well as taking primary knowledge from school (10.8 percent). However, household income was significantly associated with place of treatment (p<.024). In addition, education of mother was positively associated with level of health care knowledge (p<.004). Furthermore, household income is strongly correlated with cost of treatment of the respondent (r =.577, p = .000). Even year of schooling of the respondent is related with level of health care knowledge (r = .185, p = .035). Finally, it can be concluded that there is a necessity for taking proper initiatives by GOs and NGOs to improve the health care seeking behavior of adolescent girls in rural areas of Bangladesh.

A literacy review of tertiary levels teacher’s modern technological literacy ratio in rural area of Bangladesh

Modern technology has enhanced the aptitude of tertiary level education worldwide but just in the case of Bangladesh, we've got seen an adulthood educational method belief among the teachers, instructors, and facilitators in recent covid 19 outbreaks especially on the remote educational institutions. Most of the explanations we've found are inaccessibility of contemporary technology especially android multimedia devices together with a computer device, together with internet accessibility just in case of using the multiterminal platform for using local remote teaching. Especially unaffordability, internet expense, fragile financial condition, illiterate behavior towards acceptancy, low percentage of the sophistication monitoring system, absence of scholars and systemic review, proper liability towards authority who is additionally incapable to handle modern technological properties fluently. Our research has found 82% of grade school instructors and teachers don’t use modern devices like android devices, computers, laptops, printers, routers, internet connections in Debidwar, Comillam Chittagong, Bangladesh where our study found among 185 grade schools which serves over 35000 students approximately. In a recent case, the change has been made by Swaniti Initiative SPARC Fellow, USA Mr. Engr. Arun kanti Howlader with the support of local constituency Member of Parliament Mr. Razee Mohammad Fakhrul in before covid 19 outbreak where now the proportion become 3% just in case of illiteracy of primary education instructor’s modern technology literacy. Our study finds the subsequent outbreaks shown below:

Can programmatic inputs improve adolescent mothers\u2019 access to maternal care in rural Bangladesh? Nine years of evidence from a cohort study

BackgroundAdolescent mothers (Girls aged 15–19) constitute 8% of annual global births, but account for 10% of annual maternal deaths. WHO recommended 4–8 Antenatal Care (ANC) visits, in addition to quality care and facility-based deliveries, are well-documented interventions to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Determinants of maternal and child health care in Bangladesh have received considerable attention, but less attention has been focused on adolescent mothers. This study explores the factors associated with 4 or more (4 +) ANC visits and facility-based delivery among adolescent mothers in one rural area of Bangladesh.MethodsThis study uses Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data. We conducted a comparative study on trends in 4 + ANC visits and facility-based deliveries among adolescent mothers (10–19 years) residing in an intervention area (icddr,b service area, ISA) against a comparison area (government service areas, GSA) of HDSS between 2007 and 2015. Totally, 4,996 adolescent mothers were included in the final analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to document the statistical difference on outcome indicators in the two study areas.ResultsTrends in 4 + ANC visits and facility-based deliveries were higher in the ISA relative to the GSA. The adjusted odds of an adolescent mother accessing 4 + ANC visits in the GSA, relative to ISA, were 0.57 (95% CI 0.49–0.66, p value < 0.05); the adjusted odds of an adolescent mother accessing facility-based delivery in the ISA, relative to GSA, were 6.63 (95% CI: 5.85–7.52, p value < 0.05). Increasing numbers of ANC visits were associated with increases in facility-based births in both the ISA and GSA.ConclusionThis study documented that both 4 + ANC visits and facility delivery rates among adolescent mothers are much higher in the ISA than GSA. Increasing 4 + ANC visits and facility deliveries over the years, particularly in the ISA, coincide with programmatic efforts to improve the quality and availability of maternal and newborn health services. Learning from existing interventions in ISA and applying them to other areas will strengthen Bangladesh’s efforts to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3).

Biosocial correlates of adolescent's knowledge on pubertal changes in rural Bangladesh: A structural equation model.

The present study aimed to identify factors that are associated with puberty knowledge among school-going rural adolescents in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2724 school-going (grades VI-IX) adolescents who were aged between 10-24 years. The adolescents resided only in rural areas of Bangladesh. In this study, relationship between socio-demographic factors and controlling behaviour was assessed considering Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model. Considering the complex nature of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model the structural equation model to explore factors related to the Adolescents' knowledge of pubertal changes. The structural equation model result showed a significant association among gender, education, age, and parental limit setting on daily activities with student's knowledge on pubertal changes. peer connection, and peer regulation were associated with adolescent knowledge on puberty directly as well as through the mediator variables year of schooling, academic performance and, parental behavioural control. Adolescents Age, years of schooling, and teachers concerns are positively associated with adolescents' knowledge on puberty. Whereas, parents' and peers' controlling behaviors are negatively associated with adolescents' understanding of pubertal changes. Therefore, there is needed an effective plan to raise the attention of parents and teachers on adolescents' pubertal issues to ensure adolescents' informed pubertal period.

Investigating the Use of Blog for Teaching Writing Courses to Undergraduates

In contrast to the product approach to writing, the process approach entails planning, drafting editing and revising stages. Blog an online platform for practicing process approach has long been used by EFL teachers to develop their students' writing skill. But in Bangladeshi rural higher education context, its efficacy is yet to be investigated. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using blogs to enhance student writing skills at tertiary level at a private university located in a rural area of Bangladesh. It focuses on the advantages of incorporating blogs as a virtual writing platform for

Pregnancy-related health status in a remote rural area of Bangladesh: results from a clinic-based cross-section of antenatal check-up visits

Pregnancy-related health status in a remote rural area of Bangladesh: results from a clinic-based cross-section of antenatal check-up visits

Assessment of dietary habits, nutritional status and common health complications of older people living in rural areas of Bangladesh

BackgroundOld age is one of the vulnerable and prone stages in terms of health status. So this study aimed to assess the nutritional status and common health complications of older people. MethodsSimplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), Anthropometric measurements, Diet History Method, and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tools were used to measure the nutritional status. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. ResultsOut of the total 320 elderly participants the mean ± SD value for the age of male and female was 67.25 ± 6.5 and 67.32 ± 7.7 years respectively. According to BMI classification, it was noticed that with advancing age the percentage of underweight was also increased such as for 60–75 years old age group the underweight percentage was 30.0% where for 76 to 85 and >85 years old age group the underweight percentage was 45.0% and 60.0% respectively. According to the MNA score, 97 elderly respondents were malnourished and a total of 172 respondents had SNAQ scores below 14. This study found a statistically significant (P < 0.05) correlations among various health complications with nutritional status according to MNA score. In addition 56.6% (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = .799–1.939), 63.8% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = .745–1.857) and 64.7% (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = .720–1.804) respondents had diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease respectively. The risk of musculoskeletal pain (OR = 1.073, 95% CI = .684–1.681), bedsore (OR = 1.884, 95% CI = .903–3.934) and decreased sense of thirst (OR = 1.278, 95% CI = .821–1.991) were higher among females than males. A little number of the elderly used to take milk, meat, and fish daily. ConclusionDuring this cross-sectional study, significant correlations among nutritional changes with health complications were determined. To prevent malnutrition among the elderly a proper health policy as well as periodical nutritional screening should be conducted.

DISTANCE EDUCATION FOR TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM IN RURAL AREAS: A NECESSARY STRATEGY FOR COVID-19 SITUATION

Like other countries around the world, distance education approach has been exceptionally beneficial for the continuation of teaching learning activities in Bangladesh during the covid-19 pandemic situation. Teacher training is a very crucial and integrated part of teaching learning activities as it helps to enhance the quality of teaching. Despite the continuation of teaching learning through online and distance education approach, the teacher training was not happening on a regular basis during this pandemic period. Therefore, this study is an attempt to explain the necessity of distance education for the persistence of teachers training program during and after the covid-19 pandemic situation in order to maintain a continuity in the professional development especially for teachers in the rural areas in Bangladesh. This study was conducted by following the concurrent mixed method research design. Data were collected with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and interview schedule from the secondary school teachers from rural areas, trainers and experts in distance education and teacher training program. The results of this study indicated that distance education can play a significant alternative role in arranging teacher training program for teacher across the country during this covid-19 crisis moment. Moreover, the participants also agreed that the continuation of distance education approach should be paralleled with the conventional approach for teacher training program in the post covid-19 period as it brings more flexibility, accessibility, inclusiveness and responsiveness. However, the study also revealed few challenges which can impair the arrangement of distance education in teacher training programs.&#x0D; &#x0D; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0995/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Design and Simulation of a Hybrid Microgrid System for Remote Areas of Kuakata, Bangladesh

Electrification of the rural areas which are located far from the grid is comparatively more expensive due to the high cost associated with power transmission. Renewable energy-based hybrid micro-grid systems can be a cost-effective method for the supply of electricity in these remote areas. This study aims at assessing the technical and economic viability of a hybrid micro-grid system for rural areas of Bangladesh. A hybrid microgrid system consisting of PV solar cells, wind turbine, and Diesel Generator has been designed for remote regions of Kuakata, Patuakhali. A combination of different technologies capable of generating electricity has been used to ensure the reliable and continuous supply of electrical power. HOMER, a simulation software, has been used for optimizing multiple energy sources to maintain an uninterrupted supply of power in a cost-effective way. Finally, cost analysis and consistency checking have been done by another simulation software called RETScreen.

Millions of Bangladeshi Children Missed Their Scheduled Vaccination Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic.

The Government of Bangladesh imposed a movement control order as a mass quarantine strategy to control the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Adherence to the home quarantine may put children at risk by missing routine vaccination. In this study, we investigated the impact of COVID-19 on child routine immunization in a rural area of Bangladesh and consider the broader implications. Data for this study comes from the Chakaria Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) of icddr,b with a population of 90,000 people residing in 16,000 households in 49 villages in a rural, coastal area of Southeast Bangladesh. We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design which involved two phases between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020: first, we observed 258 outreach sessions of 86 EPI centers. We calculated the number of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) outreach sessions suspended and the number of children who missed their routine vaccination due to the COVID-19. We extrapolated the number of Bangladeshi children who missed their routine vaccination using Chakaria HDSS observations. Secondly, we conducted in-depth interviews to explain the quantitative results. The EPI outreach session (EOS) declined to 74.42% (95% CI 63.97–83.22), 10.45% (95% CI 5.00–18.94), and 3.45% (95% CI 1.00–9.75) from 2019 levels in March, April, and May 2020, respectively. By extrapolation, in Bangladesh, between March and May 2020, 3.2 million children missed their scheduled vaccination compared to 2019. Results from in-depth interviews showed that the unwillingness of villagers to hold EOS and the absenteeism of the vaccinators due to social distancing recommendations and lack of personal safety measures were the main reasons for the discontinuation of the EOS. Resuming EPI outreach sessions and introducing a special catch-up program is essential to prevent future outbreaks and deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases in Bangladesh and the countries where children missed their routine vaccination due to COVID-19. This health system failure should be considered a factor in all future pandemic preparedness plans.

Rising Trends of Cesarean Section in Bangladesh: Associated Factors and Long-Term Complications on Health of Mother and Children

Background: With taking into consideration of the high cesarean section (CS) rate, the objectives of this study were to ascertain factors associated with and point out metamorphose complications with high CS rates in Bangladesh. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study accounted for data collection from rural (196) and urban (241) women who gave birth to babies between 2005 and 2018 in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The study subjects were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique and the sample size was determined by using web-based Raosoft software. The delivery modes were dependent variables whereas influential factors and complications related to delivery were independent variables. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-structured question­naire. The height and weight of the participants were measured by using a stadiometer and weighing machine respectively. Data analysis was done by using regression analysis. Results: The results divulged that mingling of relative influence and doctor’s profit-making tendency, obstetric factors, and demand from a family with higher socioeconomic status contributed to the recent increased cesarean rate in urban areas (41.5%). The distended abdomen in mothers (OR= 5.11, 95% CI= 2.98 to 8.76) was strongly associated with CS (p&lt; 0.05), and back pain, and urinary incontinence were about one and half times higher in CS mothers. However, miscarriage and pelvic organ prolapse were associated with decreased risks of CS. Postnatal complications include cold fever (OR= 11.95, 95% CI= 7.02 to 20.35), and pneumonia (OR= 5.79; 95% CI= 2.71 to 12.36) were highly prevalent in children with cesarean delivery. Conclusion: Cesarean section has become alarmingly increased in urban rather than rural areas of Bangladesh in recent decays. Awareness-raising, doctor commitment, government policy, and strict monitoring of private health facilities are needed to control high rates of cesarean delivery. Keywords: cesarean delivery; vaginal delivery; demographic factors; obstetric factors; postpartum complications. Correspondence: Md. Altaf Hossain, Department of Animal Resources Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Telephone: +8201098532108; Email: altaf@cvasu.ac.bd Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(05): 532-542 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.05.04

Effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in rural area of Bangladesh: a study on village shalish system of Madhukhali Upazilla

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Shalish system in light of the field experience of Madhukhali upazila of Faridpur in Bangladesh. This study has mainly applied qualitative research techniques to fulfil the research objectives. The primary data has been collected through KIIs (Key Informant Interviews) and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). "Targeted Sampling" has been followed for conducting KIIs and FGD. In this context, experienced village leaders (Matobbor) and beneficiaries of the Shalish system in these areas were the main respondents. To collect the secondary data, information has also been collected from relevant websites, journal articles, and books. The study shows that the villagers still rely on the system confidently. Generally, two types of processes can be observed, which are top-down processes and bottom-up processes. The top-down process stresses that the Shalish may be initiated by village leaders. On the other hand, the bottom-up process stresses that the Shalish may be initiated from the beneficiary end. There are no specific conditions or criteria for being a member of the Shalish board. However, the most common types of disputes resolved by Shalish are family disputes, land disputes, arson or other kinds of violence, stealing or robbery, etc. The major challenges the system has faced are interference by politics, lack of documentation, and lack of a legal basis.

Study of streptococcal antibody (anti-streptolysin O) among healthy children in Bangladesh.

Objectives:The standard reference value of anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titre for diagnosing acute rheumatic fever (RF) in children is yet to be determined in Bangladesh. We aimed to measure the upper limit of the normal (ULN) of ASO titre among healthy children to determine the cut-off value for the diagnosis of RF in Bangladesh.Methods:A total of 400 healthy children aged 5–15 years with no history of fever, sore throat and impetigo during the last 8 weeks of the study were enrolled. The respondents were randomly selected from an urban non-slum area, an urban slum area and a rural area of Bangladesh. ASO titre was measured using a turbidimetric immunoassay based on the principle of an agglutination reaction. The 80th percentile value was considered as the ULN of ASO titre.Results:Approximately 55% of the children were male. The mean (SD) age of children was 9.1 (2.7) years. The ULN of ASO titre for 5–15 years aged children was 217.4 IU/mL.Conclusion:Our reference value of ASO titre at the 80th percentile will be an essential guide for clinicians to diagnose acute RF.

Factors influencing customer gratification to use DTH service in bangladesh

With a distinctive position in the advancement of the service sector, DTH (Direct-To-Home) is providing a service to perceive the user's gratification. The objective of this study is to examine the influencing factors of customer gratification and the growing popularity of DTH services in Bangladesh. Both primary and secondary information were used in this study. The conducting period of this study was from April to September of 2021, surveying a questionnaire of 561 participants in both urban and rural areas in Bangladesh. To analyze the data and find the results, SPSS version 20 was used. The findings of this study showed that the picture and sound quality, promotional and lucrative packages, thunder protection, multiple TV connections, program reminder, guide, huge channels, helpline, after sales service and parental control are the influential factors. To grow the business effectively, DTH service providers must be more concerned about customer gratification.

Feasibility and acceptability of telepathology system among the rural communities of Bangladesh: A pilot study.

ABSTRACTContext:Telepathology is a promising tool for remote communities to receive pathology services where professional diagnosis services are inadequate.Aims:We aimed to clarify how effective telepathology was when compared with conventional pathology service among rural communities of Bangladesh.Methods and Materials:We conducted a cross-sectional study in suburban and rural areas of Bangladesh between June and August 2020. We enrolled 117 participants who received both telepathology services from Thakurgaon Eye Hospital and conventional pathology service experience. The participant’s satisfaction with the accessibility and perceptions were statistically compared. In addition, we summarized descriptive statistics using the frequencies and percentages of participants’ responses.Statistical Analysis Used:Wilcoxon’s Signed-rank test using SPSS statistic software version 25.00.Results:Among the study participants, service cost, travel cost, travel time, waiting time, and travel distance were significantly higher for conventional pathology than telepathology (P < 0.001). The majority of participants (94%) were satisfied with the telepathology experience; however, one out of 117 participants was dissatisfied with this service when their travel distance was far away (≥50 km). Among the participants, 91.5% thought that telepathology service was effective for their treatment, and 98.3% wanted to continue this service in their community. On an average, participants saved 58% (95% CI, 53.4–61.5) of cost using telepathology rather than conventional pathology service.Conclusions:Remote under-resourced communities received professional pathology services with less time-consuming and significantly lower costs using the telepathology approach. Where pathology services are absent/insufficient, telepathology is efficacious for primary diagnosis, screening, and referral through professional pathologists for the satisfactory treatment of unreached communities.

Effect of Breeding Bulls on Growth Performance and Survivability of Brahman Crossbreds in Rural Areas of Bangladesh

Effect of Breeding Bulls on Growth Performance and Survivability of Brahman Crossbreds in Rural Areas of Bangladesh

Development and Assessment of a Hand Operated Ice Crusher for Raw Fish Preservation in Rural Areas of Bangladesh

Development and Assessment of a Hand Operated Ice Crusher for Raw Fish Preservation in Rural Areas of Bangladesh

Variable Temperature and Moisture Conditions in Rural Areas of Bangladesh and Their Impacts on Liquid Crystal Display Module with Solution Method Analysis

Variable Temperature and Moisture Conditions in Rural Areas of Bangladesh and Their Impacts on Liquid Crystal Display Module with Solution Method Analysis