Rural Areas Of Ukraine Research Articles

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS

The article is dedicated to the analysis of economic, social, and environmental problems that intensified at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, stimulating the development of the concept of sustainable development. The authors examine contemporary challenges related to inequality between rich and poor countries, rising greenhouse gas emissions, and the consequences for the environment and society. The aim of the study is to systematize and generalize the existing theoretical and methodological foundations of sustainable development and to clarify them in the context of human capital formation in rural areas. The historical development of the concept of sustainable development, which was established at the UN conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, is considered, and three main components of this concept are presented: economic, social, and environmental. The study addresses the classical concept of sustainable development based on the Venn diagram, illustrating the harmonious combination of these components. Special attention is given to the analysis of indicators used for assessing sustainable development in rural areas. Specifically, both domestic and foreign methodological approaches to measuring the effectiveness and inclusiveness of the development of these areas are studied. The article examines various methodological approaches to assessing sustainable development, particularly in rural areas, with a focus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. The study presents an analysis of 17 Global Goals adopted for the period until 2030, aimed at achieving peace, prosperity, and sustainable development in all countries. It is revealed that Ukraine, as a UN member, has actively participated in the implementation of the SDGs, particularly through the national report “Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine” in 2017. The study substantiates the importance of adapting global goals to the national characteristics of Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of the socio-economic and ecological system. A list of key goals for sustainable development in rural areas of Ukraine is provided, including poverty eradication, agricultural development, ensuring quality education, clean water, decent work, innovation, and infrastructure. The research identifies the importance of indicators for monitoring the achievement of goals and comparing them with the target values planned for 2030. However, considering the current situation with Russian aggression, the achievement of these goals is only possible in the long-term perspective.

GAP ANALYSIS IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF SAFE ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF UKRAINE

The article rethinks the classical approach to using the GAP analysis method, examines the possibilities of its application in public management of rural areas, and evaluates innovative approaches in accordance with strategic directions for the development of the social sphere. Recommendations for improving existing innovative approaches have been developed and proposed. It has been proven that for the preservation of rural areas in Ukraine during the Russian-Ukrainian war and in the post-war period, an important strategic priority of public management is the development of a safe environment in the rural community ("Safe Community" concept, police stations, electronic services, Zero Waste concept, protecting the environment).

Rural tourism as a priority area for the developmentof agro-houses and rural areas of Ukraine

The main purpose of this paper is to identify and present a theoretical perspective onthe possibilities and benefits of rural tourism development in Ukraine. Because of the ongoingRusso-Ukrainian war, this type of tourism has a chance to become a leader in the domestictourism sector and, at the same time, ensure the sustainability of the domestic tourist traffic,with all its socio-economic benefits. The methodological basis of the paper was the systematicapproach to the studies describing Ukrainian rural tourism and its development. It plays .a significant role in the structure of the economy of rural areas, benefiting not only theeconomy but also socio-cultural and ecological development. In the long run there shouldbe a gradual formation of new rural tourism infrastructure, especially in areas such as micro-.-tourism, mini-hotel farming and the construction of hunting and fishing lodges. At the projectlevel, it is necessary to create new models of agro-settlements.

Bridging gaps: improving the access of primary health care in rural Ukraine through mobile health units

Rural healthcare is an integral part of the Ukrainian healthcare system. However, access to healthcare for the rural population is uneven due to poor development of medical infrastructure and staffing. The problem of access to medical care in rural areas has been exacerbated by the full-scale war.The objective: to study and analyze the current state of accessibility of primary health care in rural areas in Ukraine, followed by a discussion of promising areas for the introduction of mobile health units as a tool for implementing the “Medical Guarantees” program in hard-to-reach regions of Ukraine.Materials and methods. The study included data from official statistical reports, regulatory documents and scientific sources. The methodology includes bibliosemantic, medical and statistical methods and the method of structural logical analysis.Results. It has been established that the low level of access to primary health care for the rural population of Ukraine has been significantly exacerbated by the devastating impact of the war on medical and transport infrastructure, especially in the frontline and recently de-occupied rural areas, and by migration processes. The situation is complicated by the fact that most patients in rural areas are elderly people who are physically unable to use public transportation, even if it is available. The analysis of international practice has shown that mobile health units can be introduced into the public healthcare system as a temporary measure to meet the urgent needs of the Ukrainian population, especially in rural areas. Integration of mobile health units into the state program “Medical Guarantees” can effectively address the urgent health care needs to increase access to health care for the rural population of Ukraine. State regulation of the division of these units will eliminate problems such as duplication and uneven service delivery and will create a transparent system of remuneration for the staff included in these units.Conclusions. The results of the study suggest that the practice of mobile medical units should be introduced as a tool for implementing the “Medical Guarantees” program for regions/locations of Ukraine with low access to medical infrastructure, namely remote rural areas and areas that have been devastated by the war. Mobile medical units will ensure the stability of access to primary health care services and contribute to improving the health of the population.

Mechanism of influence of agricultural cooperation on the development of human capital of rural areas of Ukraine

The article is devoted to highlighting the impact of agricultural cooperation on the development of human capital in rural areas and substantiating the components and architectonics of the mechanism of this process. It is substantiated that one of the most promising forms of horizontal integration of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in Ukraine is cooperation, which is an objective necessity for the socio-economic development of both the agrarian sector of the economy and rural areas. It has been established that, depending on the species' activities, service cooperatives are divided into processing, procurement and sale, supply, service, and others, and the features of their tasks and functions in the process of economic activity are characterized. The efficiency of the functioning of agricultural service cooperatives in the European Union, aimed at improving management efficiency and protection from competition with monopoly structures in the processing and sale of agricultural products, is shown. The importance of developing agricultural service cooperatives to solve sales problems and increase energy efficiency in agriculture, particularly with the help of "green" energy cooperatives, is indicated. Attention is focused on the low quality of legal norms and the complexity of administrative and legal regulation of the activities of cooperatives, and the need for further support from the state and improvement of information support is determined. The groups of negative factors influencing the development of the agricultural service cooperative are generalized and disclosed, dividing them into three groups: State, economic, and organizational. A mechanism of influence of agricultural service cooperation on the formation and development of human capital in rural areas of Ukraine has been proposed. During the study, considering the negative factors influencing the development of the agricultural service cooperative, the architectonics of the mechanism of influence of agricultural service cooperation on the formation and development of human capital in rural areas of Ukraine, which can ensure the creation of economic, social, and environmental conditions for the formation and development of human capital in rural areas, was presented and substantiated. Keywords: agricultural cooperation, service cooperation, human resources, rural areas, development mechanisms.

ОСОБИСТІ СЕЛЯНСЬКІ ГОСПОДАРСТВА ЯК ОСНОВА РОЗВИТКУ СІМЕЙНОГО ФЕРМЕРСТВА

The transformation for the development of the domestic agricultural complex has led to the formation of a market-oriented economic system, where individual peasant farms, particularly households, play a significant role in the production of agricultural goods and the development of rural areas in Ukraine. However, the structure of production indicates a noteworthy contribution of enterprises to agriculture, with a shifting percentage distribution over time. Despite the decline in the number and share of households in overall agricultural production, they remain crucial for cultivating specific crops like potatoes and horticultural produce. The economic potential of household farms serves as a vital component of the investment base, contributing to the overall economy. Over the years, the dynamics of agricultural production indices reveal that enterprises are more responsive to environmental changes compared to households. The negative impact of 2022 on all categories of farms is evident in a sharp decline in the production index, potentially due to a drastic reduction in output by enterprises. The strategic importance of households as potential family farms for ensuring food security can be analyzed through the indices of agricultural production. Despite the reduction in the number of personal peasant farms, their existence and activity are essential for sustaining family farming, selfemployment in rural areas, and additional income generation. The data also highlight the need for further research and development of strategies to support agricultural development in Ukraine. The economic resources of household farms, housing a significant percentage of the rural population, contribute substantially to the investment base. Addressing the challenges and risks faced by households, especially in a changing environment, requires attention from governmental authorities. In the short to medium term, the forecast suggests low investment activity, emphasizing the need for improved production and marketing infrastructure in rural areas to stimulate the growth of family farming and small agricultural businesses.

Agricultural reform in Ukraine: the history and present

The purpose of the research is to reveal the process of implementing the agrarian reform in Ukraine as a natural stage of the development of the country's agriculture during the last 100 years. The existing problems in Ukrainian agriculture were considered and it was established that these problems have their roots in the past, in the 20s of the 20th century, when the natural development of agriculture was interrupted, Ukraine became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), private ownership of agricultural land and private farms were liquidated, collective and state agricultural enterprises were created instead. The paper analyzes the initial stage of agrarian reform in Ukraine at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries after gaining state independence, and it is concluded that agrarian transformations in the country took place quite completely, in comparison with the countries of Eastern Europe. One of the reasons for this state of affairs was the low efficiency of the management of this process on the part of the state authorities responsible for the reform, particularly land reform as a key factor in all agrarian transformations. Only after the beginning of the wide implementation of land reform and reforming of collective agricultural enterprises in the early 2000s, a rapid increase in the volume and efficiency of agricultural production began. The long-term moratorium on the sale and purchase of agricultural land (more than 30 years) was based on political, not economic, reasons. In the analysis of the prospects for the development of domestic agriculture in the period after the agrarian reform, modern comprehensive programs of strategic directions for increasing the efficiency of the industry and rural areas were used, in the development of which the author was involved. These state programs, namely the "Unified comprehensive strategy and action plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas in Ukraine for 2015-2020" and the "National Economic Strategy 2030" conclude with the main task of creating a competitive, export-oriented agriculture and the production of competitive food products in accordance with international safety and quality standards in the context of the European integration of Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the use of publications by Ukrainian and foreign researchers devoted to the analysis of economic transformation in Ukraine and other countries of the former socialist camp, as well as scientific developments by authors, in particular, as a member of teams of international experts and consultants on the development and implementation of agrarian reform in Ukraine. Further directions of research, which were covered in the article, should be aimed at the development of integration processes in the market structure of the European Union, adaptation of the national agrarian policy to the Common EU policy. This is to provide an opportunity to increase the welfare of agricultural workers, the efficiency and productivity of the domestic agrarian industry.

TOOLKIT FOR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IN THE SYSTEM OF INCLUSIVE CORPORATE MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES

The research subject is the social responsibility of agribusinesses in the context of current corporate governance practices. Methodology. The study uses the following methods of economic research: content analysis method (when processing scientific sources and reviewing thematic literature); abstract and logical method (when substantiating the defining principles and criteria of social responsibility of business entities in the agricultural sector); statistical observations and economical and statistical calculations (when analysing indicators of the achieved state of social responsibility of agricultural companies); abstract and logical method (when substantiating conclusions to the study). The research is aimed at finding tools to increase the social responsibility of agrarian business through the transformation of the corporate culture of agricultural management of Ukrainian companies. Conclusion. Ukraine has a strong agricultural potential. However, achieving national and global sustainable development goals, which are relevant shortly, requires a change in business values and strategic guidelines. Such values should be aimed at solving the problems of protecting the environment, preserving natural resources, improving the quality and safety of agri-food products, and improving the quality of life of the rural population. The solution to these problems is inextricably linked to voluntary, socially responsible agribusiness initiatives. The analysis carried out showed that there is a high level of agribusiness social responsibility in the management of the activities of large-scale agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, which is reflected in the voluntary non-financial reports. In small- and medium-sized agribusinesses, the perception of the need for social responsibility is limited and constrained by a lack of financial resources. The calculated indicators show a low level of social responsibility in the agricultural business of small- and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The level of chemicalisation of agricultural production and ploughing of agricultural land is high. There are significant problems with the use of rural labour resources and the development of rural areas. The main problems were identified in the spectrum of irrational use of land and labour resources and the low quality of life of the population in rural areas of Ukraine. The processes of recognition of the values and benefits of socially responsible agribusiness in Ukraine are slow. As a tool for increasing the social responsibility of agribusinesses in Ukraine, a system of principles and criteria of socially responsible business is proposed for implementation in the corporate governance of Ukrainian agribusinesses.

Conservation of rural human resources in Ukraine: modelling the relationship between migration and economic development

Purpose. The article aims to identify the relationship between migration (in the context of two channels – (1) human resource outflows and (2) remittance inflow) in rural areas and the economic development; justification of measures of preserving rural human resources in rural areas in Ukraine.
 Methodology / approach. The methodological tools of the study are the construction of lag econometric models that allow identifying the influence of migration flows on key parameters of economic development, as well as the calculation of elasticity coefficients.
 Results. It is determined that high international migration in Ukraine, especially from territories with a lower quality of life, remote from regional centers, leads to increase human resource outflow in rural areas, which accelerates the rate of their socio-economic degradation and extinction, respectively, does not contribute to balanced spatial development. The positive impact of migration on economic development has been identified, in particular, migration contributes to improving the financial well-being of households, is an instrument for accumulating investment capital and savings, developing small businesses, and enhancing financial inclusion. It is proved that to preserve the human resources of rural areas in Ukraine, it is necessary to implement a proactive policy aimed at balancing the labour market of communities, simplifying the principles of conducting and reducing the risks of small business, increasing the young re-emigration, improving investment capital, increasing the competitiveness of the educational sphere at the local level.
 Originality / scientific novelty. A new scientific and methodological approach to assessing the dependence of the parameters of development of rural areas on migration processes due to two channels – human resources and remittance has been developed, complementary analysis of which makes it possible to identify the complex impact of migration on the socio-economic development of territories, optimal and critical volumes of migration according to various structural characteristics, migration gaps in the development of the economic system and social spheres of rural areas depending on the level of migration activity and the effectiveness of using the potential of remittance.
 Practical value / implications. The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of tools for forecasting and planning the state policy of preserving human resources of rural areas in Ukraine, depending on migration aspirations and the purposefulness of remittance.

Зарубіжний досвід та національні традиції для повоєнного відновлення сільських територій та аграрного виробництва України

The subject of the study is the foreign experience of rebuilding the agricultural sector of the economy by European countries, which was devastated during the Second World War. The purpose of the article is the historical and economic characterization of the process of the revival of European agriculture in the post-war period to determine the possibilities of extrapolation of this experience in the restoration of rural areas and agricultural production of Ukraine at the current stage. The research results in an analysis of key agrarian reforms, an exploration of the unique aspects of the economic policies of European governments in rejuvenating the agricultural sector, and a justification for the potential utilization of this foreign experience in modern Ukraine. The article presents a positive historical experience of successful practices and government measures in post-war agricultural recovery and rural community development, substantiating the relevance and possibilities of its implementation in Ukraine. It has been demonstrated that pivotal agrarian reforms laid the foundation for the establishment of an effective and productive farming industry, contributed to the overall market reorientation of agriculture, and facilitated its modernization through the adoption of mechanized equipment and advanced agricultural production methods. Borrowing and implementing contemporary local ecological, energy-efficient, social, and educational public initiatives holds promise for the development of rural areas in Ukraine and can be achieved through the synergy of international and domestic non-governmental organizations and local self-governing bodies. The Italian experience in equalizing regional disparities in economic development to achieve national integrity and unity is beneficial for Ukraine. Leveraging foreign experience while considering national traditions will strengthen food security, increase agricultural productivity, promote agricultural entrepreneurship, and support the sustainable development of Ukraine's rural areas.

Factors and Determinants of the Development of Human Capital in Rural Areas in the Conditions of Global Challenges

Abstract The development of rural areas is a complex and dynamic phenomenon, the effectiveness of which depends on food security and the economic activity of the population. The urgency of these issues is exacerbated by unprecedented challenges for Ukraine and the transformation of the legal field under martial law. The study aims to determine the factors and determinants of the development of human capital in rural areas in Ukraine, considering the experience of the EU countries in the conditions of global challenges. It is substantiated that the policy adopted in the state to ensure the development of rural areas based on the principles of inclusiveness should be based on balanced instruments, methods, and levers capable of minimizing external and internal threats to agribusiness. Essentially, people’s opportunities and abilities for economic and social activities, as well as for their own development, are critical. It has been proven that the determining factor in this process should be human capital. The motivation for economic activity in the village is singled out from personal factors. In its absence, all prerequisites for urbanization are formed. In this context, the upward dynamics of the indicator of the share of the urban population in the EU countries, which can become an obstacle to the development of business in rural areas, was analyzed and revealed. Attention is paid to the prospects of small businesses in rural areas. The relationship between the urbanization indicator and the human development index in Ukraine and the EU countries was studied.

Change of Public Policy Emphasis of Ensuring Employment in Rural Areas of Ukraine under the Conditions of Digital Transformation and Post-War Recovery

he current state of the labor market in rural areas of Ukraine is highlighted in the scientific study, namely: the presence of a high level of unemployment, significant territorial differentiation, an imbalance between vacant jobs and the required level of qualification of employees, etc. The role of expanding the spectrum of influence of the knowledge economy on rural development and changes in rural areas caused by the latest technological solutions, such as the use of telecommunications, biotechnology and the Internet, is indicated. It is substantiated that the gradual technologization of social production based on the use of innovative technologies contributes to the creation of new quality jobs, the growth of demand for qualified generalists capable of entrepreneurial and managerial activities. It has been proven that the problem of the development of Ukrainian villages lies not so much in the insufficient number of sources of income, but in the absence of entrepreneurial spirit, optimism, initiative, low motivation, insufficient awareness of the rural population about the available opportunities and territories for their implementation, insufficient level of qualifications, etc. The priority directions for supporting employment in rural areas in the conditions of digital transformations and post-war recovery are outlined, which are as follows: support for the development of infrastructure facilities and new types of activities in the countryside; creation of conditions for continuous training and development of the village’s human potential on the basis of revealing the intellectual, creative and entrepreneurial abilities of the villagers; formation of the investment attractiveness of villages through investing funds in priority types of economic activity that correspond to the educational and qualification level of the rural population; creation of new jobs in new alternative sectors of the rural economy; creation of an accessible system for the formation of digital competences and professional training (in the digital sphere) for the inhabitants of rural areas, while simultaneously spreading the work of business incubators (in the digital sphere) to rural territorial communities and the population of rural areas.

Environmental and economic sustainability and conservation of natural resources in the context of rural territories

The impact of human activity on the environment is becoming increasingly evident in the modern world. Growing industrialization, the use of natural resources, and environmental pollution lead to serious environmental problems at the global level. In this context, preserving natural resources in rural areas is particularly important. Villages and rural areas, an essential component of society, also play a crucial role in ensuring environmental and economic sustainability. Balanced environmental and economic sustainability in rural areas is a task that requires a comprehensive approach and interaction between different actors, including local authorities, communities, businesses, and civil society organizations. Environmental sustainability involves preserving the diversity of nature, maintaining ecosystems, and using resources rationally without harming the environment. Economic sustainability is the development of agriculture and enterprises that provide vital goods and services while preserving the region's ecological integrity. The study aims to analyze the ecological and economic sustainability of rural areas and provide recommendations on preserving natural resources and ensuring their sustainable development. This article analyzes various aspects of the environmental and economic sustainability of rural areas in Ukraine. The importance of preserving natural resources, the possibility of using new technologies for sustainable agriculture, and the role of communities and the state in achieving these goals are considered. The trends and critical issues are assessed across dimensions like natural resource management, pollution in rural areas, etc., drawing upon data from national statistics, government reports, academic studies, and field surveys. It is determined that it is necessary to implement measures aimed at conserving natural resources to ensure the sustainable development of rural areas. This is achieved by introducing resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, developing alternative energy sources, promoting environmental culture, and improving the socio-economic situation in rural areas. This is achieved by creating new jobs, developing infrastructure, and providing social services. An essential condition for ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas is an integrated approach that considers all these factors. Rural areas play an essential role in ensuring food security and sustainable development of the country. However, in the process of economic activity in rural areas, significant environmental and economic problems arise that threaten the sustainability of these areas. Particular attention should be focused on integrated approaches that enhance synergies between the economic, environmental, and social spheres rather than individual initiatives. The importance of involving rural residents is emphasized to implement sustainability principles in rural lifestyles and institutions. Keywords: sustainable development, rural areas of Ukraine, theoretical aspects, practical aspects, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, natural resource conservation, agriculture, communities.

Implementation of innovative EU approaches to regulatory policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas

The study of the experience of the European Union in solving the problems of the weak development of agriculture as a sensitive sector and the polarization of the socio-economic living conditions of residents in rural areas has an applied value for the implementation of this experience in Ukraine, which determines the relevance and novelty of this research. The object of the research is the tools of the state innovation policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas of the EU. The subject of this study is the experience of the European Union in supporting the development of agriculture, as a sensitive industry, and increased support for the development of certain depressed regions of the EU in order to reduce their socio-economic depolarization. The purpose of this work is to justify the need to strengthen state policy and its tools for the innovative development of agricultural production and rural areas on the example of the settlement of relevant issues in the European Union. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of practical application of the recommendations regarding the definition of instruments of the state innovation policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following were used: а systematic analysis of the evolution of solving the issue of the common agricultural policy of the European Union, which contributed to the formation of recommendations for the definition of innovative tools of state policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in Ukraine; management approach - to strengthen the control function of state management in the implementation of state programs related to the support of agriculture as a sensitive industry and the development of rural areas. Conclusions. The development of sensitive industries in each country has not only economic, but also social and political significance, since it is about preserving jobs, consumer opportunities of the population, generating GDP and deducting taxes to the local and state budget, reducing the depolarization of economic growth between individual regions and strata population, and, therefore, socio-political peace in the state. The multifacetedness of this issue affects the decisions of the governments of countries and international integration groups, in particular the EU, whose experience is very useful for research and further implementation in Ukraine. The starting point for the effectiveness of the Program for the Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Industry in Ukraine is a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural production and leveling significant disparities in the socio-economic development of rural areas. These tasks are two sides of the same problem, due to the neglect of which it is possible not only to lose a large number of small and medium-sized Ukrainian villages, but also to face the fact of food insecurity, which threatens the national security of Ukraine. Special attention in the process of implementation of the Program for the Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Industry in Ukraine is needed by the control function, which must be carried out permanently and qualitatively.

CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE GENERATION IN RURAL AREAS AND METHODOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROGRAM FOR HANDLING IT

The article is devoted to the study of the characteristic features of waste generation in the rural areas of Ukraine and the elaboration of the methodology for developing a program for their management. The interpretation of the «waste» category in domestic legal documents is considered. The classification of waste according to various characteristics is proposed. which is based on the analysis of legislative acts, research by scientists and own analysis, The need to classify them according to the place of generation into urban and rural waste is justified, as this will help to take into account the specifics of these territories in terms of waste generation and management when drawing up local waste management programs. The wastes of rural areas are: 1) production waste, in particular from the agricultural industry; 2) domestic waste of households; 3) infrastructure waste of rural settlements. The peculiarities of the generation of production waste in rural areas are that their composition is dominated by waste from the agro-industrial complex (agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and the food industry). The directions of handling them by categories of materials, which include incineration, recycling and removal to specially designated places, is studied. The energy use of these wastes remains insignificant in Ukraine despite the great existing potential. The characteristic features of the generation and management of household waste in rural households are identified, including: the predominance of the organic fraction in the structure of generated waste, problems with the organization of centralized waste collection, the presence of spontaneous landfills, etc. Special attention is paid to waste problems in rural areas related to russia's military aggression: 1) excessive generation of household waste due to a large number of internally displaced wasps persons (hereinafter referred to as IDPs), which rural waste disposal systems cannot cope with; 2) limited capabilities of rural communities in the rapid disposal of waste from destruction caused by shelling. The methodology of developing the waste management programs for rural areas, the creation of which by local communities is a component of the implementation of the National strategy for waste management in Ukraine, is presented. The methodology takes into account all the features of rural areas in the generation of waste and the difficulties in their effective management. A typical structure of the program is presented, which provides for the analysis of the generation and management of waste in terms of waste types generated in the largest quantities. The methodology proposes to highlight directions for improving waste management in two directions: non-energy (reuse, recycling, least desirable – landfill) and energy (transformation of waste into energy carriers), as well as measures for effective management of waste caused by war.

INVESTMENT COMPONENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of rural areas, the result of which is a sociological survey of rural residents. Rural communities are faced with insufficient funding for the development of territories, lack of investment, which prevents the modernization and development of infrastructure, the introduction of innovations in the rural economy. A favorable investment climate is decisive in increasing the attraction of investments in the country's economy, including in the development of rural areas. An analysis of direct foreign investments in the economy of Ukraine was carried out. The effectiveness of community management is determined by the effectiveness of the developed strategy for the development of rural territories, which is based on the use of the territory's potential with the state support of residents' initiatives and the active participation of local governments in creating incentives for balanced economic and social development of regions. On the base of the analysis of the problems of rural areas, ways of their development are proposed, one of which is the formation of an effective strategy aimed at the implementation of projects and the introduction of innovations using the financial and economic potential of the specific rural area. It was determined that the formed own strategy should be individual and special, since it is based on taking into account the priority interests and needs of a certain territorial community and using the economic potential of the rural area. The stages of developing a development strategy and evaluating the effectiveness of rural territorial communities are detailed An analysis of the world experience regarding the use of financial instruments for the stimulation and development of rural territorial communities in the regional system of the member states of the European Union was carried out. The main advantages of using financial tools for the development of communities and rural areas in Ukraine are given. Conclusions were made that the effectiveness of the state policy of supporting the development of rural areas will be evidenced by the activation of entrepreneurship in the countryside, the expansion of opportunities for self-realization of rural residents, including internally displaced persons, ensuring the financial capacity of communities, especially thanks to the activation of investment attraction. The use of public-private partnership (PPP) as an innovative financial instrument in the system of local self-government is proposed, which will contribute to meeting the needs of rural territorial communities through the attraction of additional financial resources for the development of infrastructure facilities in the rural area with simultaneous control over them.

STAGES OF FORMATION OF A NETWORK OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN A RURAL LOCATION OF UKRAINE

The study conducted a retrospective analysis of the genesis, formation and development of a general secondary education institutions network in rural areas of Ukraine. Taking into account the broad socio - cultural and political contexts, stages of rural schools network formation related to the emergence of a network (stage 1), its functioning (stage 2), transformation and consolidation of the existing network (stage 3) were revealed, development of the existing network at the expense of active development low -complex schools and schools with low -content classes (stage 4), new enlargement of the school network (stage 5). It is determined that the emergence of a rural schools network is related to democratic trends both by the totalitarian state and by the local initiative from below - by provincial and county zemstvos. And in the stages of formation of a schools network, dynamic and cyclical fluctuations from the democratic principles of formation from below and taking into account the interests of the population in formal administration by a totalitarian state are traced. The dependence of the formation of a schools network and its quality on the state policy on the formation of the system rural population and territorial-administrative reforms is established. The tendency of increasing enlargement of the schools network and cultural and household services in rural areas has been identified, which in turn leads to inequality of access to the services of rural and urban population and accordingly causes the outflow of the population from the villages. The need for more flexible planning of the network, taking into account local features, the need for individualization of approaches to the formation of networks in different territorial communities and regions, which can be facilitated in recent years by domestic scientists network models of integration, cooperation of educational institutions and complex training of various age groups. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the country, it is necessary to form an effective network of pre -school and extracurricular education institutions, general secondary education, creating conditions for the possibility of learning throughout life. Keywords: school network, general secondary education institution, rural school, school building.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL REGIONS AND PARTNERSHIP AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR ITS ENSURING

Currently, the theoretical and methodological foundations of partnership as a tool for ensuring economic development remain little studied and require a detailed analysis of the existing experience, both domestic and foreign, as well as the development of universal models to ensure the effective practical implementation of partnerships at the tactical and strategic levels. It is proved that the development of rural entrepreneurship is an important aspect of the revival of rural areas in Ukraine and at the same time an important sector of the economy that plays a special role in creating competitive products, as it is the basis for further expansion of production and improvement of the well-being of the rural population. The article reveals the content and essence of the concept of partnership as the main tool for ensuring the economic development of entrepreneurship, the study of the key principles of the formation of this form of interaction. The authors proposed a scheme of key elements of planning the mechanism of economic development of entrepreneurship in the countryside, including common features of government, community, business and scientific component, which, when interacting, provide the result that manifests itself in supporting business, attracting external resources and strategic investments, as well as creating a favorable image of rural areas. The main motives of entrepreneurial activity in the countryside, which indicate the prospects for the development of rural areas, are identified. The components of partnerships in the direction of economic development of entrepreneurship in the countryside, which include consideration of socio-economic, natural, energy and administrative resources of rural areas, are investigated, this interaction allows to obtain efficiency: economic, social and environmental. The article proposes a model of economic self-sufficiency of an agrarian enterprise in rural areas, which shows the closed cyclical nature of economic development, using the example of an ECO-farm, which includes state support at all levels, new jobs, green tourism, processing and implementation, as well as social responsibility. The prerequisites for the partnership on the example of farmers, characterized by interaction (availability of common yards, purchase of fertilizers, rental of equipment, sowing campaign, supply of raw materials for the production of biofuels) and common features (processing of raw materials, sale of finished products in domestic and foreign markets) are revealed. Therefore, it was grounded that the prospects for the economic development of entrepreneurship in the countryside will directly depend on the established partnership.

DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: TRENDS IN CHANGE

The article examines the key demographic trends and dynamics of social infrastructure development in rural areas of Ukraine in historical retrospect (1959-2021). The regional specificity of rural population depopulation is determined with an emphasis on sex and age structure transformations, and the regions are grouped by the nature of changes in rural fertility and mortality. The dynamics and peculiarities of the development of the social sphere of life support, which is considered as the basis for the preservation and reproduction of human capital in rural areas, are analyzed. The novelty of the study is the analysis of the long-term depopulation demographic trend, as well as changes in the development of social infrastructure in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, with the presentation of examples of mapping schemes illustrating these processes.

ФІНАНСОВІ ВАЖЕЛІ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ДОХОДІВ ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ У СІЛЬСЬКІЙ МІСЦЕВОСТІ

The research delves into the theoretical and practical foundations of household income generation in rural areas of Ukraine. The study clarifies the perspectives of scholars on the challenges involved in the formation of these income resources. The analysis examines the structure of aggregate resources within these households during the period of 2016-2021 and identifies relevant trends. The findings reveal a consistent increase in wages as a component of total cash income, accompanied by a decrease in income from the sale of agricultural products. These trends reflect complex socio-economic processes shaping the income formation of rural households. The research uncovers the specifics of total income formation for individual households based on hierarchical levels within Ukraine’s social system, considering the influence of factors at the national, local, entrepreneurial, and personal levels. At the national level, the study analyzes the application of individual state social standards, noting a continuous increase in these standards, except for one-time financial assistance at childbirth. Different proportions of these standards are observed, such as a 1.68-fold increase in the minimum living wage per person compared to a 4.19-fold increase in the minimum wage and a 3.59-fold increase in assistance to low-income families during the analyzed period. Furthermore, the analysis of local territorial communities’ budget implementation for 2022 reveals that the financial condition of these communities plays a significant role in fostering business development, supporting the social sphere, and creating favorable conditions for increasing household incomes, particularly through infrastructure development. The research also emphasizes the importance of income from self-employment activities, which serves as a variable income source that can significantly supplement existing income based on personal capabilities. Based on the analysis results, the research provides recommendations for achieving stable growth in household incomes in five key directions.