Symptoms Of Runny Nose Research Articles

Clinical Manifestations of Runny nose among Patients Attending Baqubah Teaching Hospital

Background: The runny nose refers to a discharge (fluid) coming from the nasal passages.Runny nose is associated with inflammation and swelling (congestion) of the inner lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. May associated with atopic condition the patient complain from nasal obstruction, runny nose, episode of sneezing, and nasal pruritis. Objective: To examine the demographic distribution, clinical features, and age disparities among male and female patients with Runny nose (Rhinorrhea). Patients and Methods: A study was done on 100 AR patients at Baqubah Teaching Hospital. Information on demographics, clinical symptoms, and age variations between males and females were gathered and examined through the use of descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests. Results: The Findings revealed that most of the subjects were women (56%) and homemakers (38%), with an average age of 29.73 years. Frequent symptoms comprised of sneezing (93%), runny nose (83%), itchy nose (74%), and stuffy nose (92%). There was no notable variation in age between males and females (p = 0.139). Conclusion: Clinical symptoms of runny nose are often recognized consist of rhinorrhea, sneezing, obstruction of the nasal passages with lacrimation and pruritus of the nasal mucosa, conjunctiva and oropharynx with history of allergic rhinitis. Conditions commonly associated with allergic rhinitis include asthma, sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis. Long standing disease can lead to mucosa remodeling, atrophic skin changes, nasal infection and overall increased morbidity.

Clinical Manifestations of Runny nose among Patients Attending Baqubah Teaching Hospital

Background: The runny nose refers to a discharge (fluid) coming from the nasal passages.Runny nose is associated with inflammation and swelling (congestion) of the inner lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. May associated with atopic condition the patient complain from nasal obstruction, runny nose, episode of sneezing, and nasal pruritis. Objective: To examine the demographic distribution, clinical features, and age disparities among male and female patients with Runny nose (Rhinorrhea). Patients and Methods: A study was done on 100 AR patients at Baqubah Teaching Hospital. Information on demographics, clinical symptoms, and age variations between males and females were gathered and examined through the use of descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests. Results: The Findings revealed that most of the subjects were women (56%) and homemakers (38%), with an average age of 29.73 years. Frequent symptoms comprised of sneezing (93%), runny nose (83%), itchy nose (74%), and stuffy nose (92%). There was no notable variation in age between males and females (p = 0.139). Conclusion: Clinical symptoms of runny nose are often recognized consist of rhinorrhea, sneezing, obstruction of the nasal passages with lacrimation and pruritus of the nasal mucosa, conjunctiva and oropharynx with history of allergic rhinitis. Conditions commonly associated with allergic rhinitis include asthma, sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis. Long standing disease can lead to mucosa remodeling, atrophic skin changes, nasal infection and overall increased morbidity. Keywords: Runny nose, nasal obstractions , nasal pruritis, stuffy nose

THE USE OF MANUKA HONEY AND LEMON AS A TREATMENT FOR BRONCHOPNEUMONIA IN LOCAL CATS

Bronchopneumonia is a respiratory disease caused by non-infectious or infectious agents to the respiratory tract, causing inflammation of the bronchi and alveoli. The case study aimed to find out alternative diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for cases of bronchopneumonia. Physical examination was carried out on a cat with complaints of sneezing accompanied by moist nose and eyes unilaterally since one month. Physical examination showed a high intensity of sneezing accompanied by a runny nose mucoid unilateral from the nose and unilateral mucopurulent discharge from the eyes with a lot of volume and crackles heard in the area of ​​the bronchi to the lungs during inspiration and expiration. X-ray results of the thoracic region show inflammation of the bronchial walls and lungs. The results of cytological examination of the runny nose and eyes found cells neutrophils. The results of the haematological examination showed rate increase white blood cell (WBC), granulocytes, and red distribution width (RDW-CV). Bacterial culture examination showed results staphylococcus sp. on nasal discharge and bacteria Enterobacter sp. on eye discharge. The therapy given to cat cases is causative, symptomatic, and supportive by utilizing natural ingredients. Honey is antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, while lemon water has antioxidant potential. Treatment is in the form of giving a combination of manuka honey and lemon water products with a total of 5 ml given orally twice a day for one month. The results of treatment for one month showed good progress in case animals with reduced frequency of runny nose and eyes and a significant decrease in the intensity of sneezing. Treatment in case animals can continue until the symptoms of runny nose and sneezing disappear completely

Supplementation of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid for Pollen-Induced Allergic Symptoms in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in mice and cell study. To date, however, no human intervention study has examined the effects of DGLA. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DGLA on pollen-induced allergic symptoms in healthy adults. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study comprising healthy Japanese men and women. Each subject received four 250 mg capsules providing 314 mg DGLA/day (DGLA group, n = 18) or olive oil (placebo group, n = 15) for 15 weeks. The primary outcomes, classification of the severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms (CSARS), and the Japanese Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JRQLQ) served as symptom scores during the pollen season. In the DGLA group, the cedar pollen associated symptoms of sneezing and a blocked nose in the CSARS were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Significant trends were observed the symptoms of runny nose in the CSARS and total symptom score (TSS) in the JRQLQ for cedar pollen (p < 0.1). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effects of DGLA in humans, and the results suggest that DGLA is effective in reducing allergic symptoms caused by pollen.

Overview of Clinical Symptoms of Pediatric Patients Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia

Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease caused by infection with a new coronavirus with the name SARS-CoV-2 and can be transmitted between humans. Transmission of COVID-19 occurs through droplets produced by infected people. Indonesia is a country affected by COVID-19, with cases reaching 2,203,108 cases. The number of cases in Indonesia also includes COVID-19 infections in children. This study aimed to present an overview of the clinical symptoms of pediatric patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. Methods: This study is a descriptive observational study. A total of 50 research subjects participated in this study. Observations of sociodemographic data and observations of clinical data were carried out in this study. Univariate data analysis was performed to present the distribution of frequencies and percentages of each variable. Results: The majority of clinical symptoms of pediatric COVID-19 patients are fever. Apart from fever symptoms, the majority of clinical symptoms of child COVID-19 patients have symptoms of runny nose, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea. Conclusion: Fever is a clinical symptom of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in children at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Nasal Spray of a Novel Muscarinic Receptor Blocker, 101BHG-D01, in Dogs and Rats.

101BHG-D01 is a novel selective anti-muscarinic (M) 3 receptor-blocking drug. 101BHGD01 nasal spray is intended to be used to relieve sneezing and runny nose symptoms caused by allergic rhinitis. In this study, we examined the plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and major excretion mode of 101BHG-D01 in Beagle dogs and rats following nasal spray and intranasal administration, respectively, using HPLCMS/ MS. We found that the pharmacokinetics of 101BHG-D01 was linear in dogs. 101BHG-D01 entered the bloodstream rapidly following nasal spray. Its plasma half-life was approximately 6 h and resided at least 24 h in the body. Moreover, 101BHG-D01 retained a significant amount in the nasal cavity. Finally, we found that 101BHGD01 was eliminated mainly in the form of stools in rats. In conclusion, we provided pertinent reference information regarding the design and optimization of drug delivery regimens for clinical trials.

Symptoms of the Eruption of Permanent Teeth.

This prospective study examined a population of 520 urban and rural children aged 5 to 9 years. Every 2–4 weeks, the clinical symptoms accompanying primary tooth replacement such as a cough, a runny nose, pain, and body temperature were assessed in each child’s medical records. The authors were able to show in a statistically significant manner that the frequency, time, and type of cough were strongly related to the type of erupting teeth (p < 0.001 for each relationship). A cough dependent on the type of erupting teeth was observed in 86% to 92% of the examined children, with a morning bronchial cough being connected with an eruption of the lower teeth, and an eruption of the upper teeth producing an all-day pharyngeal cough caused by mucus secretions dripping down the back of the throat. A statistically significant relationship was also confirmed between the type of erupting teeth and the incidence of a runny nose (p < 0.001), the frequency of a runny nose (p < 0.001), and the time when runny nose symptoms occurred (p < 0.001). This study shows that the period when primary dentition is replaced with permanent teeth in children is characterized by a physiological cough and a runny nose.

Air Pollution Increases the Incidence of Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms among Polish Children.

A substantial proportion of airway disease’s global burden is attributable to exposure to air pollution. This study aimed to investigate the association between air pollution, assessed as concentrations of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 on the upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS) in children. A nation-wide, questionnaire-based study was conducted in Poland in winter 2018/2019 in a population of 1475 children, comparing URTS throughout the study period with publicly available data on airborne particulate matter. A general regression model was used to evaluate the lag effects between daily changes in PM10 and PM2.5 and the number of children reporting URTS and their severity. PM10 and PM2.5 in the single-pollutant models had significant effects on the number of children reporting URTS. The prevalence of URTS: “runny nose”, “sneezing” and “cough” was positively associated with 12-week mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. In the locations with the highest average concentration of PM, the symptoms of runny nose, cough and sneezing were increased by 10%, 9% and 11%, respectively, compared to the cities with the lowest PM concentrations. This study showed that moderate-term exposure (12 week observation period) to air pollution was associated with an increased risk of URTS among children aged 3–12 years in Poland. These findings may influence public debate and future policy at the national and international levels to improve air quality in cities and improve children’s health.

Olfactory taste disorder as a presenting symptom of COVID-19: a large single-center Singapore study.

PurposeTo investigate the prevalence and epidemiological risk factors of olfactory and/or taste disorder (OTD), in particular isolated OTD, in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were recruited from the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) Singapore between 24 March 2020 and 16 April 2020. The electronic health records of these patients were accessed, and demographic data and symptoms reported (respiratory, self-reported OTD and other symptoms such as headache, myalgia and lethargy) were collected.ResultsA total of 1065 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were recruited. Overall, the prevalence of OTD was 12.6%. Twelve patients (1.1%) had isolated OTD. The top three symptoms associated with OTD were cough, fever and sore throat. The symptoms of runny nose and blocked nose were experienced by only 29.8 and 19.3% of patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the female gender, presence of blocked nose and absence of fever were significantly associated with OTD (adjusted relative risks 1.77, 3.31, 0.42, respectively). All these factors were statistically significant.ConclusionPatients with COVID-19 infection can present with OTD, either in isolation or in combination with other general symptoms. Certain demographic profile, such as being female, and symptomatology such as the presence of blocked nose and absence of fever, were more likely to have OTD when infected by COVID-19. Further studies to elucidate the pathophysiology of OTD in these patients will be beneficial.

Impact of turbinoplasty on over all results of indicated nasal surgeries with or without allergic rhinitis incidence

Turbinoplasty is a procedure that aims to reduce the size of the inferior turbinate through exuberant bone removal with high mucosal preservation. The procedure is recommended for patients with or without allergic rhinitis and those showing irreversible hypertrophy of inferior turbinates.To evaluate the efficacy of inferior turbinoplasty for obstructive and non-obstructive symptoms in patients with or without allergic rhinitis.Prospective study with 57 patients who underwent inferior turbinoplasty. They were evaluated for nasal obstruction, snoring, facial pressure, smell alterations, sneezing, nasal itching and runny nose symptoms, surgery time, and intraoperative bleeding. The last evaluation took place three months after surgery.Thirty-nine patients with allergic rhinitis and 18 without it were assessed. Ninety days after surgery, 94.7% of patients showed breathing improvement; 89.5% showed moderate or complete improvement in snoring; all patients showed smell improvement; 95.5% experienced complete facial pressure improvement; and 89.7% showed moderate to complete improvement in nasal itching and runny nose symptoms, as well as in sneezing.The efficacy of inferior turbinoplasty was confirmed not only for obstructive symptoms, but also for non-obstructive symptoms in patients with and without allergic rhinitis.

Curative efficacy and safety of peramivir in the treatment of children suspected with influenza

The data from a total of 200 children with suspected influenza virus infection were assessed at the febrile clinic of Women and Children’s hospital in Ganzhou of Jiangxi province from January 2018 to March 2019, and the patients were belonged to two groups (peramivir treatment group and oseltamivir treatment group). At the same time, 100 patients without special treatment were evaluated as the control group. We observed the patients’ fever relief time, pharyngeal pain relief time, nasal congestion relief time, runny nose symptoms relief time, days of hospitalization, days of medication, cost of medication, and adverse reactions in the three groups. We analyzed and compared the efficacy and adverse reactions of peramivir and oseltamivir in the treatment of children suspected with influenza. The recovery of body temperature, relief of cough, days of medication, and hospitalization period in the peramivir group were significantly shorter compared to the oseltamivir and control groups. The mean times to alleviation of fever in the three groups were 18.28 ± 17.74 h (peramivir group), 48.20 ± 34.28 h (oseltamivir group), and 72.56 ± 25.78 h (control group). The mean times to alleviation of cough in the three groups were 49.77 ± 27.58 h (peramivir group), 68.53 ± 32.54 h (oseltamivir group), and 59.38 ± 31.26 (control group). The cost of the peramivir group was significantly higher than that of the oseltamivir and control groups. The incidence of drug reactions in the peramivir group was significantly lower than that in the oseltamivir group. The rate of antibiotic usage in the peramivir group was significantly lower than that in the oseltamivir and control groups. Peramivir can significantly alleviate symptoms and reduce the use of antibiotics in children with suspected influenza. Peramivir has demonstrated good efficacy, high safety, and good compliance in treating children with suspected influenza infection.

CD23 on B cells determines Breg-facilitated IL-10 secretion as well as activation of T cells

Objective:To explore whether or not the IL-10 mediated by Bregs modulate the secreting T cells activation by the anti-CD23 antibody, to find a new target for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Method:The rat model of allergic rhinitis was established. Anti-CD23 antibody was used to observe the behavioral changes, passive skin allergen test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry serological indicators, systemic and nasal mucosa. Result:Compared with the blank control group, allergic rhinitis group rats sneezing, flexible nose, runny nose, subcutaneous mass increases;The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ and Bregs in blood decreased, the levels of IL-4, CD23+ B cells and CD4+ T cells increased;Nasal mucosa CD23 fluorescence intensity increased, CD19 and IL-10 fluorescence intensity decreased. Compared with the allergic rhinitis group, the number of sneezing, the frequency of nasal flexion, the symptoms of runny nose and the subcutaneous mass in the antibody intervention group were significantly improved;The levels of IL-10 in the blood, IFN-γ, the percentage of Bregs cells in whole blood increased, the levels of IL-4, CD23+ B cells and CD4+ T cells decreased;Nasal mucosa CD23 fluorescence intensity decreased, CD19 and IL-10 fluorescence intensity increased. There is little difference between the two routes of administration. Conclusion:The enhanced expression of CD23 on B cells is involved in the development of allergic rhinitis. The anti-CD23 antibody may control the symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis. There is no significant difference between subcutaneous administration and improved nasal-drip way. As the preferred method of anti-CD23 antibody application, anti-CD23 is expected to become a new method to control and treat allergic rhinitis. Anti-CD23 antibodies can exert a therapeutic effect by T cell activation,which rely on the Bregs-mediated secretion of IL-10.

A randomized controlled trial of a homeopathic syrup in the treatment of cold symptoms in young children

BackgroundThere is little evidence that the decongestant, antihistamine, or cough suppressant medications commonly used to treat cold symptoms in preschool children are effective. One option for treating cold symptoms in young children is with homeopathy. This study was conducted to determine if a homeopathic syrup was effective in treating cold symptoms in preschool children. MethodsChildren 2–5 years old diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection were randomized to receive a commercial homeopathic cold syrup or placebo. Parents administered the study medication as needed for 3days. The primary outcome was change in symptoms one hour after each dose. Parents also assessed the severity of each of the symptoms of runny nose, cough, congestion and sneezing at baseline and twice daily for 3days, using a 4-point rating scale. A composite cold score was calculated by combining the values for each of the four symptoms. ResultsAmong 261 eligible participants, data on 957 doses of study medication in 154 children were analyzed. There was no significant difference in improvement one hour after the dose for any symptom between the two groups. Analysis of twice daily data on the severity of cold symptoms compared to baseline values found that improvements in sneezing, cough and the composite cold score were significantly greater at both the first and second assessments among those receiving the cold syrup compared to placebo recipients. ConclusionThe homeopathic syrup appeared to be effective in reducing the severity of cold symptoms in the first day after beginning treatment.

Pediatric rhinitis risk factors.

Rhinitis is a common global disorder that impacts on the quality of life of the sufferer and caregivers. Treatment for pediatric rhinitis is empirical and does not include a detailed history of the allergy triggers or allergy testing. Thus, allergen avoidance advice is not tailored to the child's sensitivities, which may result in adenoid hypertrophy. However, infant onset rhinitis, especially its relationship with respiratory viruses, remains to be further clarified. Rhinitis basically involves inflammation of the upper nasal lining, presenting typically with symptoms of runny nose (rhinorrhea), nasal blockage, and/or sneezing. While not typically fatal, it does impose significant health, psychological, and monetary burden to its sufferers, and is thus considered a global health problem. Previous findings showed that immunotherapy had significant clinical efficacy in children with allergic rhinitis. The present review article aims to highlight recent perspectives pertaining to the rhinitis risk factors especially in pediatric patients.

Comparison of turbinoplasty surgery efficacy in patients with and without allergic rhinitis

IntroductionTurbinoplasty is a procedure that aims to reduce the size of the inferior turbinate through exuberant bone removal with high mucosal preservation. The procedure is recommended for patients with or without allergic rhinitis and those showing irreversible hypertrophy of inferior turbinates. ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of inferior turbinoplasty for obstructive and non-obstructive symptoms in patients with or without allergic rhinitis. MethodsProspective study with 57 patients who underwent inferior turbinoplasty. They were evaluated for nasal obstruction, snoring, facial pressure, smell alterations, sneezing, nasal itching and runny nose symptoms, surgery time, and intraoperative bleeding. The last evaluation took place three months after surgery. ResultsThirty-nine patients with allergic rhinitis and 18 without were assessed. Ninety days after surgery, 94.7% of patients showed degrees IV and V of breathing improvement; 89.5% showed moderate or complete improvement in snoring; all patients showed smell improvement (only one showed moderate improvement; all the others had full improvement); 95.5% experienced complete facial pressure improvement; and 89.7% showed moderate to complete improvement in nasal itching and runny nose symptoms, as well as in sneezing. ConclusionThe efficacy of inferior turbinoplasty was confirmed not only for obstructive symptoms, but also for non-obstructive symptoms in patients with and without allergic rhinitis.

Effect of simultaneous supplementation of vitamin A and iron on diarrheal and respiratory tract infection in preschool children in Chengdu City, China

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate whether vitamin A combined with iron supplementation for preschool children resulted in improved changes in children's infectious morbidity. MethodIn this randomized placebo-controlled and blinded field intervention trial, totally 445 preschoolers, ages 3 to 6 y old, were randomly selected. All children were randomly divided into four groups: vitamin A supplement-only group (group I), iron supplement-only group (group II), vitamin A and iron supplement group (group III), and no vitamin A and ferrous sulfate as placebo-control (group IV) for 6 mo. The morbidity of diarrhea and respiratory infections, were collected during supplementation. ResultsThere was evidence of the lowest incidence rate of respiratory-related illnesses and fewest symptoms of runny nose, cough, and fever for children in group III compared with children in groups I, II and IV (P < 0.05). Moreover, despite the undistinguished incidence rate of vomiting, nausea, and stomach pain, the rate of diarrhea-related illness was significantly lower for children in group III than for those in the other three groups. ConclusionThe beneficial affects on infectious morbidity over 6 mo, highlight the potential of vitamin A plus an iron supplement for preschool-aged children.

Systemic corticosteroid monotherapy for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial

Patients with acute rhinosinusitis are frequently encountered in primary care. Although corticosteroids are being increasingly used for symptom control, evidence supporting their use is inconclusive. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of systemic corticosteroid monotherapy for clinically diagnosed, uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis. We conducted a block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at 54 primary care practices (68 family physicians) in the Netherlands between Dec. 30, 2008, and Apr. 28, 2011. Adult patients with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis were randomly assigned to receive either prednisolone 30 mg/d or placebo for 7 days and asked to complete a symptom diary for 14 days. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients with resolution of facial pain or pressure on day 7. Of the 185 patients included in the trial (93 in the treatment group, 92 in the placebo group), 2 withdrew from the study and 9 were excluded from the primary analysis because of incomplete symptom reporting. The remaining 174 patients (88 in the treatment group, 86 in the placebo group) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The proportions of patients with resolution of facial pain or pressure on day 7 were 62.5% (55/88) in the prednisolone group and 55.8% (48/86) in the placebo group (absolute risk difference 6.7%, 95% confidence interval -7.9% to 21.2%). The groups were similar with regard to the decrease over time in the proportion of patients with total symptoms (combined symptoms of runny nose, postnasal discharge, nasal congestion, cough and facial pain) and health-related quality of life. Adverse events were mild and did not differ significantly between the groups. Systemic corticosteroid monotherapy had no clinically relevant beneficial effects among patients with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis. Netherlands Trial Register registration no. 1295 (www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/index.asp).

The effect of intranasal carbon dioxide on the acute response to nasal challenge with allergen

Intranasal carbon dioxide (CO(2)) was shown to reduce symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of CO(2) on nasal allergen challenge. We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover trial in 12 subjects with SAR outside their pollen season. Thirty minutes after a 20-second exposure to CO(2) or no exposure, subjects underwent a unilateral, localized, nasal allergen challenge. Filter paper disks were placed on the nasal septum to deliver a sham challenge followed by 2 increasing doses of either grass or ragweed allergen. Secretions were collected from both sides of the septum to evaluate the nasonasal reflex and were assayed for histamine. Nasal and eye symptoms were recorded. The primary outcome measure was the contralateral, reflex, secretory response to allergen as measured by secretion weights. Secondary outcome measures included ipsilateral nasal secretion weights, nasal and eye symptoms, levels of histamine in nasal secretions, and eosinophils in nasal scrapings. Subjects reported a transient burning sensation during exposure to CO(2). Compared with no treatment, active treatment resulted in a significant reduction in sneezes (p = 0.05), contralateral secretion weights (p = 0.04), and bilateral runny nose symptoms (p = 0.01). Ipsilateral secretion weights were numerically reduced. Histamine levels in ipsilateral nasal secretions increased significantly when the subjects received sham treatment but did not increase after pretreatment with CO(2). Treatment with nasal CO(2) resulted in partial reduction of the acute response to allergen challenge. Reflex responses were reduced, supporting an effect on neuronal mechanisms, which predict usefulness in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00618410.

Topical Intranasal Hexabrix Is Effective In Reducing the Acute Response to Nasal Challenge with Allergen (NAC)

RATIONALE: Hexabrix is a currently available intravenous contrast media. In vitro and animal studies suggest that it reduces IgE mediated histamine release from mast cells. We tested the efficacy of Hexabrix on the acute response to NAC. METHODS: We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study to examine the effect of Hexabrix on subjects with asymptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis. After a nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIF) measurement, subjects were treated with 200 mcl of Hexabrix or saline, placed on the left nasal septum. Twenty minutes later, baseline symptoms and NPIF were recorded, and the subjects underwent a challenge with the diluent for the antigen extracts followed by 2 increasing doses of grass or ragweed allergen separated by 20 minutes. The allergens were applied via filter paper discs. Fifteen minutes after each challenge, subjects recorded sneezes and symptoms of runny, stuffy and itchy nose/throat/eyes on a scale from 0-3. NPIF was measured after the recording of symptoms. RESULTS: Topical treatment with Hexabrix was well tolerated. When the total change from diluent challenge was compared between active and placebo treatments, Hexabrix resulted in a significant reduction in sneezes (p=0.018) and runny nose symptoms (p=0.048) and reduced stuffy nose and itching symptoms though not significantly. The reduction in airflow after challenge was less after treatment with Hexabrix, but this effect did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Topical treatment with Hexabrix reduced the acute NAC response suggesting an effect on mast cells. This agent could provide a novel effective intervention for the treatment of subjects with allergic rhinitis.

Effect of vitamin A, vitamin A plus iron and multiple micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder on infectious morbidity of preschool children

Objective Improvement of hemoglobin and serum retinol and facilitation of the mobilization of iron storage were achieved with a multiple-micronutrient–fortified diet in preschoolers for 6 mo in a suburb of Chongqing, China. We investigated whether fortification with multiple micronutrients in a diet for preschool children results in changes in children's infectious morbidity compared with diets fortified solely with vitamin A and with vitamin A plus iron. Methods From December 2005 to June 2006, 226 2- to 6-y-old preschool children were recruited from three nurseries randomly assigned to three different fortified-diet groups for 6 mo. Group I was fortified with vitamin A; groups II and III were fortified with vitamin A plus iron and vitamin A plus iron, thiamine, riboflavin, folic acid, niacinamide, zinc, and calcium, respectively. The secondary functional outcomes, morbidity of diarrhea and respiratory infection, were collected during supplementation. Results The groups were comparable concerning compliance and loss to follow-up. There was evidence of a lower incidence rate of respiratory-related illnesses, diarrhea-related illness, fewer symptoms of runny nose, cough, and fever, and shorter duration of respiratory-related illnesses and cough for children in group III compared with children in groups I and II. However, there was no significantly or clinically important difference between children in groups I and II. Conclusion The beneficial effects on infectious morbidity over 6 mo, in addition to some biochemical improvements, highlight the potential of this micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder supplied in a diet for preschool children.