Symptoms Of Runny Nose Research Articles

A micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder reduces morbidity and improves short-term cognitive function, but has no effect on anthropometric measures in primary school children in northeast Thailand: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundReductions in iodine and zinc deficiencies and improvements in hemoglobin were achieved from a micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder consumed in school lunches by children in northeast Thailand. ObjectiveThe objective was to determine whether fortification with 4 micronutrients in a school lunch results in changes in children's growth, morbidity, and cognitive function compared with no fortification. DesignIn a randomized controlled trial of 569 children aged 5.5–13.4 y from 10 schools, we compared the efficacy of a seasoning powder fortified with or without 5 mg Fe, 5 mg Zn, 50 μg I, and 270 μg vitamin A per serving consumed with a school lunch 5 d/wk. Here we report on results of the secondary functional outcomes. ResultsThe groups were comparable concerning compliance and loss to follow-up. The intervention had no statistically significant effect on anthropometric measures over 31 wk, but reduced the incidence of respiratory-related illnesses [rate ratio (RR): 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94], symptoms of runny nose (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.92), cough (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.96), and diarrhea (RR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.90). For the visual recall test, those in the fortified group recalled 0.5 more items (95% CI: 0.1, 0.9) than did the controls. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the results of the digits forward and backward tests or in school grades at the conclusion of the 2 semesters. ConclusionThe beneficial effects on morbidity and visual recall over a short period, in addition to some biochemical improvements, highlight the potential of this micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder supplied in a school lunch. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as ACTRN12605000341628.

Efficacy and Safety of Topical Combinations of Ipratropium and Xylometazoline for the Treatment of Symptoms of Runny Nose and Nasal Congestion associated with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Rhinorrhea and nasal congestion are simultaneous symptoms associated with the common cold. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a combination nasal spray of ipratropium and xylometazoline for simultaneous treatment of these symptoms. The trial was a multicenter double-blind, parallel-group, randomized design on patients with common cold symptoms. Patients scored symptoms of runny nose and nasal congestion and recorded adverse events in a diary for up to 7 days. Patients also recorded tissue use. The five test treatments consisted of ipratropium, 0.6 mg/mL, and xylometazoline, 1.0 mg/mL; ipratropium, 0.6 mg/mL, and xylometazoline, 0.5 mg/mL; ipratropium, 0.6 mg/mL; xylometazoline, 1.0 mg/mL; and placebo solution. Eight hundred sixty-four patients were screened and 786 patients received treatment. One day after treatment there was a clear separation between the scores for the placebo and ipratropium treatment groups for rhinorrhea and between the placebo and xylometazoline treatment groups for congestion. Both ipratropium/xylometazoline 1.0 and ipratropium/xylometazoline 0.5 treatments were superior to xylometazoline with respect to rhinorrhea (p < 0.0001) and superior to ipratropium with respect to nasal congestion scores (p < 0.001). Both the ipratropium combination treatments had significantly lower tissue use than the xylometazoline treatment group (p < 0.0001). Adverse events were distributed equally between the treatments, except mucus tinged with blood, epistaxis, nasal passage irritation, and nasal dryness, which had a higher incidence in the three groups that received medicines containing ipratropium. The results indicate that a combination medicine of ipratropium and xylometazoline is safe and effective for treatment of rhinorrhea and nasal congestion associated with common cold.

季節性アレルギー性鼻炎有症者を対象とした「べにふうき」緑茶の抗アレルギー作用評価とショウガによる増強効果

A double-blind clinical study was carried out on subjects with Japanese cedar pollinosis for the evaluation of the effects and safety of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea, which contains epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate (O-methylated catechin), and a combination of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and ginger extract, with ‘Yabukita’ green tea as a placebo. First, the effect of the combination of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and various vegetable extracts on cytokine production inhibition was investigated using mast cells ; the simultaneous use of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea and ginger extract was found to suppress cytokine (TNF-α or MIPI-α) production to a remarkable extent. Subjects were given 1.5 g of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea, ‘Benifuuki’ green tea containing 30 mg of ginger extract, or ‘Yabukita’ green tea with water twice every day for 13 weeks. As cedar pollen scattering increased, the severity of pollinosis symptoms among the groups was observed to increase in the following order : placebo group>’Benifuuki’ group>’Benifuuki’ and ginger group. Eleven weeks after the beginning of treatment, during the most severe cedar pollen scattering period, symptoms of runny nose and itchy eyes were significantly relieved among the ‘Benifuuki’ group compared with the placebo group (p<0.05). In the ‘Benifuuki’ and ginger group, runny nose, itchy eyes and nose symptom scores were significantly reduced at the eleventh week, and nasal congestion, sore throat and nose symptom medication scores were significantly reduced at the thirteenth week compared with the placebo group. Among all test groups, hematological examination, general biochemical examination, determination of total IgG, CMV antibody titer, and serum iron content, and interviews throughout the intake period found no changes related to clinical problems. These results suggest that intake of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea over one month is useful in reducing some of the symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis, and did not affect normal immune response in subjects with Japanese cedar-pollinosis. It was also found that the addition of ginger extract enhanced the effect of ‘Benifuuki’ green tea.

Olopatadine HCl nasal spray is effective and safe for the treatment of seasonal (Mountain Cedar) allergic rhinitis

Rationale This multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of two doses of olopatadine nasal spray as a treatment for SAR (Mountain Cedar season). Methods Patients assessed morning and evening reflective (refl) and instantaneous (inst) nasal and ocular symptoms including rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose and congestion on a 0-3 scale. After a 3-21 day single blind placebo spray run-in period, 677 patients ages 12-81 with a minimum total nasal symptom score (TNSS) of 36 out of a possible 72 were randomized to olopatadine 0.4% (n=229), 0.6% (n=223), or placebo (n=225) 2 sprays/nostril BID for 2 weeks. Results Olopatadine HCl nasal spray 0.4% & 0.6% were significantly superior to placebo for percent change from baseline in overall refl (p=0.0002 & <0.0001, respectively) and inst (p=0.0015 & <0.0001, respectively) TNSS over a 2 week period. Olopatadine spray 0.6% was superior to placebo for individual nasal symptoms of runny nose, itchy nose, congestion and sneezing. The 0.4% spray was (generally) less effective than 0.6% but superior to placebo in most cases for the individual nasal symptoms. Treatment with Olopatadine HCl nasal spray 0.4% or 0.6%, BID, was safe and well tolerated. No serious adverse events related to any treatment were reported in this study. Conclusions Olopatadine HCl nasal spray 0.4% & 0.6% are well tolerated and provide statistically significant improvements in symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Circadian Variation in Nasal Reactivity in Children with Allergic Rhinitis: Correlation with the Activity of Eosinophils and Basophilic Cells

Background: In allergic rhinitis, the major symptoms of runny nose, sneezing, and stuffy nose tend to become worse upon waking up in the morning, and yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. We investigated whether the worsening of allergic rhinitis in the morning is associated with changes in the activity of inflammatory cells. Methods: Nasal reactivity to methacholine was assessed twice in 8 children with allergic rhinitis and 8 healthy control subjects at 6.00 a.m. and 3.00 p.m. The amounts of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), histamine and tryptase in induced nasal secretions and peripheral blood were also measured. Results: Nasal reactivity to methacholine was higher at 6.00 a.m. not only in patients but also in healthy controls. Serum ECP and plasma histamine levels showed no circadian patterns. On the other hand, significantly higher levels of inflammatory activation products were found in nasal secretions at 6.00 a.m., thus showing a direct association with nasal reactivity. Conclusion: These results suggest that the circadian variation in nasal reactivity is associated with changes in the activity of eosinophils and basophilic cells in the nasal mucosa.

The effect of inhaled and intranasal sodium cromoglyeate on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections

Summary Background A well established drug for the treatment of asthma and allergy, sodium cromoglycale, was found in open trials to be useful as a symptomalic treatment for upper respiratory tract infections. Objective To compare the efficacy of inhaled and intranasal sodium cromoglyeate and matching placebos on the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. Methods Adult subjects with symptoms of runny nose, throat pain, or cough for less than 24 h were recruited. They were treated for 7 days using a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, group comparative design. The medication given was: sodium cromoglyeate dry powder 20mg per inhalation in spincaps; sodium cromoglycate aqueous nasal spray delivering 5.2mg per dose; or matching placebo as dry powder and nasal spray. One spincap and one spray per nostril were taken every 2h during waking hours on days 1 and 2 and then four times daily on days 3–7. Severity of nine symptoms (general malaise, body aches and pains, chills and shivering, snzeening, nasal running, nasal blocking, sore throat, cough and voice disturbance) was recorded twice daily by subjects on diary cards, using a scale of 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). Results The sludy was conducted between February and April 1993. One hundred and eighteen patients aged 21–63 years (mean 41 years) were included. Symptoms resolved faster (P < 0.001) and the severity in the last three days of treatment was significantly less in patients treated with sodium cromoglycate than with placebo (P < 0.05‐day 5; P < 0.01‐day 6; P < 0.001‐day 7). Side‐effects were local and mild and did not differ between the treatment groups. Conclusion Sodium cromoglyeate administered both by inhalation and intranasally is an effective treatment for the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. Its combined safety and efficacy would make it an acceptable form of treatment for these conditions.

The Efficacy and Safety of Nedocromil Sodium 1% Nasal Solution in the Treatment of Ragweed Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

The safety and efficacy of nedocromil sodium 1% nasal solution in the treatment of patients with ragweed seasonal allergic rhinitis was assessed in a double-blind group-comparative study. After a 1-week baseline period that coincided with the start of the ragweed season, patients were randomized to receive either nedocromil sodium 1% nasal solution or matched placebo (1 spray per nostril q.i.d.) for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the mean daily diary card symptom score for the 3-week peak pollen period. During this time, patients treated with nedocromil sodium showed a significant decrease in sneezing, runny nose symptoms, and sleep disturbances compared with the placebo group. Furthermore, the patient's and physician's assessments of the drug efficacy showed significant differences favoring the nedocromil sodium treatment. No serious adverse experiences were reported during the study. Both groups reported transient minor adverse experiences including sneezing and nasal irritation. Nedocromil sodium was effective in relieving symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis during peak ragweed seasonal challenge without significant adverse effects.

Intranasal nedocromil sodium in the treatment of ragweed-allergic rhinitis

Nedocromil sodium (NS), a new pyranoquinoline dicarboxylic acid derivative, reported to be effective against both mucosal and connective tissue-type mast cells, was studied in ragweed-allergic rhinitis (RAR). Thirty-six patients with RAR were studied in an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Stratification was based on prick skin test sensitivity and severity of signs and symptoms of previous RAR. NS (1% solution) in a dose of 0.13 ml of nasal spray was administered to each nostril, a minimum twice daily. Concomitant medications were limited to ingested terfenadine, ocular cromolyn, and inhaled medications. Symptoms and medications were noted daily. Active-treatment and placebo-treatment groups were comparable. There were less symptoms of runny nose and itchy eyes in the active-treatment group ( p < 0.05) and also less antihistamine, p < 0.004. Patients in the active-treatment group were more likely to conclude that symptoms were improved by the nasal spray ( p < 0.01). No side effects were reported. This study indicates that NS is effective and well tolerated in RAR.