Rung Of Ladder Research Articles

Are There Differences in Short-Term Postoperative Outcomes Among Surgical Subspecialists Performing Lower Extremity Flap Procedures? A National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) Analysis of 1324 Patients

Introduction: Soft tissue flaps are an integral and versatile tool to help manage soft tissue defects of varying severities. These complex procedures can be done by a variety of specialties and can lead to a variety of postoperative complications. Locoregional flaps are the middle rung of the reconstructive ladder and can be performed by surgeons of various training pathways. The profile of patients and their complications when stratified by surgical specialty is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare short-term postoperative outcomes between surgical subspecialists performing a locoregional flap of the lower extremity to determine factors influencing complication rates. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology code 15,738 to identify adult patients undergoing a muscle, myocutaneous, or fasciocutaneous lower extremity flap procedure from 2016 to 2019. We examined the primary outcome of a pooled wound complication rate with secondary outcomes including the individual NSQIP wound- and nonwound complications. Results: A total of 1324 patients were identified. Plastic surgeons performed 926 (70%) procedures, general surgeons performed 243 (18%) procedures, orthopedic surgeons performed 89 (7%) procedures, and vascular surgeons performed 66 (5%) procedures. On multivariate analysis, surgical subspecialty was not associated with the primary outcome, but malignancy-related operations and nonelective status were considered significant. Conclusions: Patient characteristics, but not surgeon subspecialty, account for the variation in patient outcomes in lower extremity flap reconstruction. Larger, prospective studies examining these outcomes are needed to further characterize complication risk factors in this patient population.

Carnegie Supernova Project I and II: Measurements of H 0 Using Cepheid, Tip of the Red Giant Branch, and Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distance Calibration to Type Ia Supernovae* *This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.

We present an analysis of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Carnegie Supernova Project I and II and extend the Hubble diagram from optical to near-infrared wavelengths (uBgVriYJH). We calculate the Hubble constant, H 0, using various distance calibrators: Cepheids, the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB), and surface brightness fluctuations (SBFs). Combining all methods of calibration, we derive H 0 = 71.76 ± 0.58 (stat) ± 1.19 (sys) km s−1 Mpc−1 from the B band and H 0 = 73.22 ± 0.68 (stat) ± 1.28 (sys) km s−1 Mpc−1 from the H band. By assigning equal weight to the Cepheid, TRGB, and SBF calibrators, we derive the systematic errors required for consistency in the first rung of the distance ladder, resulting in a systematic error of 1.2 ∼ 1.3 km s−1 Mpc−1 in H 0. As a result, relative to the statistics-only uncertainty, the tension between the late-time H 0 we derive by combining the various distance calibrators and the early-time H 0 from the cosmic microwave background is reduced. The highest precision in SN Ia luminosity is found in the Y band (0.12 ± 0.01 mag), as defined by the intrinsic scatter (σ int). We revisit SN Ia Hubble residual-host mass correlations and recover previous results that these correlations do not change significantly between the optical and near-infrared wavelengths. Finally, SNe Ia that explode beyond 10 kpc from their host centers exhibit smaller dispersion in their luminosity, confirming our earlier findings. A reduced effect of dust in the outskirts of hosts may be responsible for this effect.

Assessing r2SCAN meta-GGA functional for structural parameters, cohesive energy, mechanical modulus, and thermophysical properties of 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals.

The recent development of accurate and efficient semilocal density functionals on the third rung of Jacob's ladder of density functional theory, such as the revised regularized strongly constrained and appropriately normed (r2SCAN) density functional, could enable rapid and highly reliable prediction of the elasticity and temperature dependence of thermophysical parameters of refractory elements and their intermetallic compounds using the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA). Here, we present a comparative evaluation of equilibrium cell volumes, cohesive energy, mechanical moduli, and thermophysical properties (Debye temperature and thermal expansion coefficient) for 22 transition metals using semilocal density functionals, including the local density approximation (LDA), Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) and PBEsol generalized gradient approximations (GGAs), and the r2SCAN meta-GGA. PBEsol and r2SCAN deliver the same level of accuracies for structural, mechanical, and thermophysical properties. PBE and r2SCAN perform better than LDA and PBEsol for calculating cohesive energies of transition metals. Among the tested density functionals, r2SCAN provides an overall well-balanced performance for reliably computing cell volumes, cohesive energies, mechanical properties, and thermophysical properties of various 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals using QHA. Therefore, we recommend that r2SCAN could be employed as a workhorse method to evaluate thermophysical properties of transition metal compounds and alloys in high throughput workflows.

Finding the Potholes in Academic Career Pathways for Underrepresented Groups in Otolaryngology.

To assess inequities in representation among ranks and odds of promotion by race in academic otolaryngology. Cross-sectional study. USacademic medical centers. Demographic data was collected for medical students, residents, and faculty in the Association of American Medical Colleges and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education databases for the academic year 2020 to 2021. The rank equity index (REI) was used to make pairwise comparisons between ranks to determine groups' representation between levels. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) demonstrating the likelihood that an individual of a particular rank/race would advance in their academic career were determined. Representation comparing medical students with full professors for black, Latine, and Asian otolaryngologists was below parity (REI: 0.27, 0.85, 0.85, respectively). Black (OR: 0.20, CI: 0.15, 0.26), Latine (OR: 0.61, CI: 0.50, 0.75), and Asian (OR: 0.62, CI: 0.55, 0.71) medical students all faced lower odds of becoming otolaryngology residents compared to their white counterparts. Similar findings occurred when comparing resident and assistant professor representation. American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) REIs and ORs could not be assessed as only 1 self-reported AIAN and no NHPI faculty are present in the studied data. Underrepresented in Medicine and Asian physicians faced worsening representation at each rung of the academic otolaryngology ladder. The greatest losses occurred when medical students transitioned to residents and residents transitioned to assistant professors. AIAN and NH faculty were absent in otolaryngology, indicating vital targets for recruitment efforts.

1085 The Core Surgical Training Attainment (CoSTA) Study: Analysis of Differential Attainment in Early Surgical Training Using the UK Medical Education Database (UKMED)

Abstract Aim Core Surgical Training (CST) represents the earliest rung of the surgical training ladder. The CoSTA study aims to outline demographic differences in attainment in this cohort of applicants using the UK Medical Education database (UKMED). Method As part of a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study, using data available from UKMED, CST applications for 3,365 doctors who were F2 between 2013 and 2016 were analysed. Univariate analyses were conducted, followed by a logistic regression model that included the statistically significant variables from the univariate analyses. The outcome measure was successfully obtaining a place on a CST programme. Results Univariate analysis found that a lower proportion of black candidates had successful applications (54% compared to 68% for white N = 3,365, P <0.001). Applicants whose parents had attended university were more likely to be successful (67% compared to 59% N = 3,365, P <0.001). Logistic regression found that white applicants were 1.26 times more likely to be successful and applicants whose parents went to university were 1.20 times more likely to be successful (N = 1,935). The model controlled for other relevant variables including applicant behaviour (only applying to CST), medical school attended and performance at medical school (deciles in the Educational Performance Measure). Conclusions There is evidence of differential attainment in those applying for the CST programme. It is vital that this information is highlighted to those responsible for the training pathway so these issues can be addressed.

Partisipasi Petani dalam Kegiatan Penyuluhan dan Pelatihan Teknis Budidaya Jamur Merang di Desa Kutaampel, Kecamatan Batujaya, Karawang

Mushrooms are an alternative in meeting the need for high protein foods, but their availability is not matched by increased production. Efforts that can be made to increase the productivity of straw mushroom is to provide counseling and training to farmers about mushroom cultivation. Counseling and training on straw mushroom nurseries was given to farmers in Kutaampel Village. This paper aims to determine the participation of farmers in Kutaampel Village in counseling activities and technical training on cultivation and making seed baglogs for spreading F3 and F4 edible mushroom UNSIKA. The method used is the andragogy training method and will be held on 06 October 2022 in Kutaampel Village. The data analysis used is descriptive with reference to Arnstein's (1969) theory, namely the theory of participation which is called The Ladder of Participation theory. Based on the data analysis conducted, the level of participation of farmers in Kutaampel Village in participating in extension activities and technical training on cultivation and making baglogs for spreading F3 and F4 Unsika mushroom seeds was seen from the forms of farmer participation, namely presence, knowledge and benefits. The level of farmer participation in Kutaampel Village is at the level of the fourth rung of the consultation ladder out of a total of eight rungs of the Arnstein participation ladder (manipulation, Therapy, Informing, Consultation, Placement, Partnership, Delegated power, and Citizen control).
 Key Words: Cultivation, Participatio, Straw Mushroom

Integrating Reading and Writing Instruction for Writing Efficiency: Federal University of Technology Owerri Fresh Students as a Case in Point

The advanced language requirement at the tertiary education level has continually challenged and affected the performance of many fresh students in their core courses, and have impeded their achievements generally. This has been attributed in part to the conventional instructional methods employed by language instructors at the lower rung of the educational ladder. Therefore, this study investigates the probabilities that the integration of reading and writing instruction would make any difference on the writing achievement of freshly admitted undergraduates of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria. The study adopts the pretest, post test, control group quasi experimental design in which three hundred and two students from three different faculties and departments participated. Two experimental groups and one control group were used for the study. The first experimental group was taught with the activation of the background knowledge method; while for the second experimental group, the response to the text-strategy was added to the activation of the background knowledge method. The control group was taught with the usual conventional method and the treatments lasted for six weeks. All groups of participants were given a pretest before treatment commenced for the experimental groups. A post test was also administered on all participants at the end of the six weeks treatment. Students’ writing were graded and the scores used as data which are analysed using means, standard deviation and t-test. The results show that the experimental groups which are treated with the integrated reading and writing instructional methods perform significantly better than the control group whose own instruction had gone on with the conventional method. It therefore concludes that integrating reading and writing instruction would enhance the writing competence of newly admitted undergraduates in the university.

Finding your first book-indexing job

Marketing yourself so that you secure your first book-indexing job can be hard. This article outlines the steps you need to take to get your foot on the first rung of the freelance indexing career ladder. Topics covered include having something to sell; establishing your website; networking through social media, indexing societies and professional contacts; pitching to publishing houses; what happens after an editor or author contacts you; and making your first indexing job a success.

Interexcited State Photophysics I: Benchmarking Density Functionals for Computing Nonadiabatic Couplings and Internal Conversion Rate Constants.

We present the first benchmarking study of nonadiabatic matrix coupling elements (NACMEs) calculated using different density functionals. Using the S1 → S0 transition in perylene solvated in toluene as a case study, we calculate the photophysical properties and corresponding rate constants for a variety of density functionals from each rung of Jacob's ladder. The singlet photoluminescence quantum yield (sPLQY) is taken as a measure of accuracy, measured experimentally here as 0.955. Important quantum chemical parameters such as geometries, absorption, emission, and adiabatic energies, NACMEs, Hessians, and transition dipole moments were calculated for each density functional basis set combination (data set) using density functional theory based multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) and compared to experiment where possible. We were able to derive simple relations between the TDDFT and DFT/MRCI photophysical properties; with semiempirical damping factors of ∼0.843 ± 0.017 and ∼0.954 ± 0.064 for TDDFT transition dipole moments and energies to DFT/MRCI level approximations, respectively. NACMEs were dominated by out-of-plane derivative components belonging to the center-most ring atoms with weaker contributions from perturbations along the transverse and longitudinal axes. Calculated theoretical spectra compared well to both experiment and literature, with fluorescence lifetimes between 7.1 and 12.5 ns, agreeing within a factor of 2 with experiment. Internal conversion (IC) rates were then calculated and were found to vary wildly between 106-1016 s-1 compared with an experimental rate of the order 107 s-1. Following further testing by mixing data sets, we found a strong dependence on the method used to obtain the Hessian. The 5 characterized data sets ranked in order of most promising are PBE0/def2-TZVP, ωB97XD/def2-TZVP, HCTH407/TZVP, PBE/TZVP, and PBE/def2-TZVP.

Impact of the Gaia ESA mission on the primary Period–Luminosity Calibrators in the Milky Way: Cepheids and RR Lyrae

AbstractWe discuss the impact of Gaia, the cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), on the calibration of the period–luminosity and luminosity–metallicity relations of Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars, with specific reference to data published as part of the most recent Gaia releases: Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), on 19 December 2020, and Data Release 3 (DR3) on 13 June 2022. We provide future perspectives for the Gaia mission, including extensions approved by ESA and a tentative schedule of the data releases that will take place in the next few years. We briefly present plans for cross-Coordination Unit processing of Gaia data of Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars for DR4 and conclude by outlining the expected improvement in astrometry at the end of the extended Gaia mission, which will help to further strengthen the calibration of the first rung of the cosmic distance ladder.

Quasar Standardization: Overcoming Selection Biases and Redshift Evolution

Quasars (QSOs) are extremely luminous active galactic nuclei currently observed up to redshift z = 7.642. As such, they have the potential to be the next rung of the cosmic distance ladder beyond Type Ia supernovae, if they can reliably be used as cosmological probes. The main issue in adopting QSOs as standard candles (similarly to gamma-ray bursts) is the large intrinsic scatter in the relations between their observed properties. This could be overcome by finding correlations among their observables that are intrinsic to the physics of QSOs and not artifacts of selection biases and/or redshift evolution. The reliability of these correlations should be verified through well-established statistical tests. The correlation between the ultraviolet and X-ray fluxes developed by Risaliti & Lusso is one of the most promising relations. We apply a statistical method to correct this relation for redshift evolution and selection biases. Remarkably, we recover the the same parameters of the slope and the normalization as Risaliti & Lusso. Our results establish the reliability of this relation, which is intrinsic to the QSO properties and not merely an effect of selection biases or redshift evolution. Hence, the possibility to standardize QSOs as cosmological candles, thereby extending the Hubble diagram up to z = 7.54.

Assessing the indoor air pollution level as per energy ladder and its effect on respiratory health

In rural areas of developing countries, where about 40 % of all people live, the household stove accounts for more of all national fuel combustion occur under cooking pots. The present study was undertaken in Hisar district of Haryana state to assess the indoor air pollution level as per the energy ladder and its effect on respiratory health. The study was conducted in the rural villages of Hisar district and rural women who were using traditional chullah were selected as the sample of the study. Results revealed that most of the women were using chullah for cooking their own food and hara for animal feed with fuel placed on the lower rung of energy ladder i.e. crop waste and dung cakes, wood, kerosene, and LPG. Major health problems faced by women were ‘headache’ and ‘irritation in eyes’ while using the traditional chullah and hara. The majority of them were also having respiratory problems like ‘phlegm’ (mean score-2.7) ‘shortness of breath’ (mean score-2.6), ‘cough’ (mean score-2.5), and ‘wheezing’ (attacks) with mean score of 2.0, respectively. Mean PEFR values for the traditional chullah and hara exposed women were significantly lower as compared with MDV chullah and improved hara. Therefore, it is recommended that the use of cheap improved chullah and hara are the best alternative, which is the permanent solution of smoke and also consumes less fuel than traditional chullah and hara.

An investigation into the socio-economic conditions of agricultural labourers in Thiruvalai Panchayat, Tamil Nadu, India

Agricultural progress is commonly considered as a prerequisite of economic development. While modern times associate economic growth with industrialization, it is widely acknowledged that a strong agricultural foundation is essential for industrialization to thrive. In developing economies, giving priority to agriculture is crucial to hasten economic advancement. Initially, agricultural operations were carried out by hired labourers. The Labour Enquiry Committee (1950-51) defined agricultural labourers as individuals who work for more than half of the total number of days in a year for wages. In the Indian society, agricultural labourers belong to the lowest rung of the socio-economic ladder, facing significant disadvantages such as low wages, poor working conditions, and irregular employment. Their earnings barely allow for a subsistence level of living, leading to hand-to-mouth existence. This paper aims to investigate the socio-economic conditions of agricultural labourers in the Thiruvali Panchayat, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District of Tamil Nadu. The study indicates that wages are remarkably low, and steps should be taken to ensure these workers earn a regular and fair income. It suggests implementing equal pay for equal work in both agriculture and non-agriculture sectors. Additionally, the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) could assist agricultural labourers during the off-season, necessitating an increase in wages and the number of days of employment.

Marital Rape: Living with a Rapist

This paper speaks about those battered women who have been the victims of serious abuse, harassment, rape in the name of the marriage. Marital rape, a broad term which magnifies the gaping loophole existing in our Indian Criminal Justice system, where it is considered not a crime besides being evil and an injurious act. India is among those 36 countries which had not considered Marital Rape as a criminal offence though it causes severe psychological, gynaecological, and physical health problems to the victims. One of the root causes for this is the unawareness of sex education. This paper highlights how it leads to marital rape and how we can handle it. Time has arrived to let the country know that marriage, which is considered as the bond of birth to birth in our country, is not a licence to commit the ghastly act. We have conducted two surveys one in a government school and the other at a small village. The findings of our surveys are in mentioned in this paper. Further, it is not mandatory that every evil act prevailing in our country needs a Reformer. When we all raise the quality of our mindset towards our women by respecting them and their feelings, then all the women will climb to the topmost rung of the development ladder and will embrace our nation.

Modeling Liquid Water by Climbing up Jacob's Ladder in Density Functional Theory Facilitated by Using Deep Neural Network Potentials.

Within the framework of Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT), the ability to provide good predictions of water properties by employing a strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) functional has been extensively demonstrated in recent years. Here, we further advance the modeling of water by building a more accurate model on the fourth rung of Jacob's ladder with the hybrid functional, SCAN0. In particular, we carry out both classical and Feynman path-integral molecular dynamics calculations of water with the SCAN0 functional and the isobaric-isothermal ensemble. To generate the equilibrated structure of water, a deep neural network potential is trained from the atomic potential energy surface based on ab initio data obtained from SCAN0 DFT calculations. For the electronic properties of water, a separate deep neural network potential is trained by using the Deep Wannier method based on the maximally localized Wannier functions of the equilibrated trajectory at the SCAN0 level. The structural, dynamic, and electric properties of water were analyzed. The hydrogen-bond structures, density, infrared spectra, diffusion coefficients, and dielectric constants of water, in the electronic ground state, are computed by using a large simulation box and long simulation time. For the properties involving electronic excitations, we apply the GW approximation within many-body perturbation theory to calculate the quasiparticle density of states and bandgap of water. Compared to the SCAN functional, mixing exact exchange mitigates the self-interaction error in the meta-generalized-gradient approximation and further softens liquid water toward the experimental direction. For most of the water properties, the SCAN0 functional shows a systematic improvement over the SCAN functional. However, some important discrepancies remain. The H-bond network predicted by the SCAN0 functional is still slightly overstructured compared to the experimental results.

Evaluation of density functional theory for a large and diverse set of organic and inorganic equilibrium structures.

Density functional theory (DFT) has been extensively benchmarked for energetic properties; however, less attention has been given to equilibrium structures and the effect of using a certain DFT geometry on subsequent energetic properties. We evaluate the performance of 52 contemporary DFT methods for obtaining the structures of 122 species in the W4-11-GEOM database. This dataset includes a total of 246 unique bonds: 117 H─X, 65 X─Y, 49 X═Y, and 15 XY bonds (where X and Y are first- and second-row atoms) and 133 key bond angles: 96 X-Y-H, 22 X-Y-Z, and 15 H-X-H angles. The reference geometries are optimized at the CCSD(T)/jul-cc-pV(n+d)Z level of theory (n= 5, 6). The performance of DFT is evaluated in conjunction with the Def2-nZVPP (n= T, Q), cc-pV(T+d)Z, and jul-cc-pV(T+d)Z basis sets. The root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) over the bond distances of the best performing functionals from each rung of Jacob's Ladder are 0.0086 (SOGGA11), 0.0088 (τ-HCTH), 0.0059 (B3LYP), 0.0054 (TPSSh), and 0.0032 (DSD-PBEP86) Å. We evaluate the effect of the choice of the DFT geometry on subsequent molecular energies calculated with W1-F12 theory. Geometries obtained with GGA and MGGA methods result in large RMSDs in the subsequent W1-F12 energies; however, six hybrid GGA functionals (B3LYP, B3P86, mPW3PBE, B3PW91, mPW1LYP, and X3LYP) result in an excellent performance with RMSDs between 0.25 and 0.30 kJ mol-1 relative to the CCSD(T)/CBS reference geometries. The B2GP-PLYP and mPW2-PLYP DHDFT methods result in near-CCSD(T) accuracy with RMSDs of 0.11 and 0.10kJ mol-1 , respectively.

Fundamental Laws of Nature and Picture of the World

The question of constructing an evolutionary picture of the world based on the results obtained by extending classical mechanics is considered. The expansion of mechanics arose as a result of taking into account the role of the structure of bodies in their dynamics. It is shown that such an extension leads to the possibility of combining branches of physics, in particular, to the substantiation of the laws of thermodynamics, statistical physics, kinetics within the framework of the laws of classical mechanics. It turned out that, according to the laws of classical mechanics, matter is infinitely divisible and can be represented by an infinite hierarchical structure from simple to complex. The expansion showed the existence of universal principles connecting the laws of the upper rung of the hierarchical ladder of matter with the laws of the lower rung. It is considered how they lead to the possibility of constructing a picture of the world based on the fundamental laws of nature.

Art Museum Educators: Who Are They Now?

Abstract“Art Museum Educators: Who Are They?” is one of the earliest published studies about individuals in the profession of art museum education. Zeller’s questions elicited responses about their demographics, education, experience, professional involvement, and level of status in art museum professional hierarchies. The results showed that most respondents were upper‐middle class, married women with degrees in art history; had professional involvements with art historical associations and scholars; and existed on a relatively low rung of the professional ladder. The quest to understand more about these individuals is just as relevant 35 years later, as the field navigates a profound paradigmatic shift intent on investing in diverse communities and individual visitors over strictly art‐historical interpretations of objects . This study asks who art museum educators are now and shares the result of a nationwide questionnaire on the personal and professional entanglements of AMEs; critically examines the collected data on those individuals who envision and enact a public curriculum on behalf of their institutions; and suggests broader implications for the field and for art museums that are vastly different than ones Zeller knew.

KID Procedure Applied on the [(PY5Me2)MoO]+ Complex.

The KID (Koopmans in DFT) protocol usually applies in organic molecules of the closed-shell type. We used the KID procedure on an open-shell Mo-based system for the first time to choose the most suitable density functional to compute global and local reactivity descriptors obtained from the conceptual density-functional theory (DFT). From a set of 18 density functionals, spread from the second until the fourth rung of Jacob’s ladder: BLYP, BP86, B97-D, MN12-L, MN15-L, M06-L, M11-L, CAM-B3LYP, PBE0, B3LYP, N12-SX, M06-2X, MN15, MN12-SX, ωB97X-D, M11, LC-ωHPBE, and APFD, we concluded that CAM-B3LYP provides the best outcome, and in the second place, M06-2X. Because the vertical first ionization potential and vertical first electron affinity in the ground state (gs) are defined as follows I = Egs(N – 1) – Egs(N) and A = Egs(N) – Egs(N + 1), where Egs(N – 1), Egs(N), and Egs(N + 1) correspond to energies of the system bearing N, N + 1, and N – 1 electrons, along with Koopmans’ theorem (KT) given by I ≈ −εHOMO (εHOMO, highest occupied molecular orbital energy) and A ≈ −εLUMO (εLUMO, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), the deviation from the KT was performed by the use of the index, such that JI = |Egs(N – 1) – Egs(N) + εHOMO| and JA = |Egs(N) – Egs(N + 1) + εLUMO|, which are absolute deviations from the perspective of I and A, respectively. Furthermore, the εSOMO (SOMO: singly-occupied molecular orbital energy) leads us to another index given by |ΔSL| = |εSOMO – εLUMO|. Therefore, JHL and |ΔSL| are indexes defined to evaluate the quality of the KT when employed within the context of quantum chemical calculations based on DFT and not the Hartree–Fock theory. We propose the index that could be more suitable to choose the most proper density functional because the JHL and |ΔSL| are independent indexes.

Quantized quasinormal-mode description of nonlinear cavity-QED effects from coupled resonators with a Fano-like resonance

We employ a recently developed quantization scheme for quasinormal modes (QNMs) to study a nonperturbative open cavity-QED system consisting of a hybrid metal-dielectric resonator coupled to a quantum emitter. This hybrid cavity system allows one to explore the complex coupling between a low $Q$ (quality factor) resonance and a high $Q$ resonance, manifesting in a striking Fano resonance, an effect that is not captured by traditional quantization schemes using normal modes or a Jaynes-Cummings (JC) type model. The QNM quantization approach rigorously includes dissipative coupling between the QNMs, and is supplemented with generalized input-output relations for the output electric field operator for multiple modes in the system, and correlation functions outside the system. The role of the dissipation-induced mode coupling is explored in the strong coupling regime between the photons and emitter beyond the first rung of the JC dressed-state ladder. Important differences in the quantum master equation and input-output relations between the QNM quantum model and phenomenological dissipative JC models are found. In a second step, numerical results for the Fock distributions and system as well as output correlation functions obtained from the quantized QNM model for the hybrid structure are compared with results from a phenomenological approach. We demonstrate explicitly how the quantized QNM model manifests in multiphoton quantum correlations beyond what is predicted by the usual JC models.