Impact Of Rumination Research Articles

Switch Off Totally or Switch Off Strategically? The Consequences of Thinking About Work on Job Performance.

As a universal workplace phenomenon, the impact of work-related rumination on job performance is attracting scholars' attention. In the current study, the relationship between two types of work-related rumination, counterproductive behavior, and creativity at work were examined, as well as the mechanism of this association. Participants were 1109 employees from a variety of jobs in mainland China. The results showed that affective rumination was negatively associated with employees' work creativity and positively associated with counterproductive behavior. On the contrary, problem-solving pondering was positively related to creativity and negatively related to counterproductive behavior. The loss of self-control resource partially mediated the link between affective rumination and counterproductive behavior. Problem-solving pondering had no significant impact on self-control resource. Results suggest the significant effects of problem-solving pondering may be positive in the workplace and clarify the self-control resource is the internal mechanism linking rumination and job performance.

Pretreatment levels of rumination predict cognitive-behavioral therapy outcomes in a transdiagnostic sample of adults with anxiety-related disorders

Increasing research has implicated rumination in the development and maintenance of many types of psychopathology, including anxiety-related disorders. A few studies have explored the impact of rumination during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety-related disorders (which relies heavily on exposure-based interventions), with mixed results. The present study assessed levels of (trait) rumination before starting treatment for predicting outcomes in 147 adults seeking CBT for anxiety-related disorders in an open treatment clinic. Results revealed that pretreatment levels of rumination significantly predicted (lower) quality of life at the end of treatment, after accounting for baseline variance in quality of life. This finding remained robust when also accounting for demographics, depression, general anxiety, and diagnosis. This result was not observed for self-reflection (a construct related to, but distinguishable from, rumination). Nevertheless, a follow-up (receiver-operator characteristic) analysis showed that pretreatment rumination did not reliably distinguish participants who showed clinically meaningful gains in quality of life during treatment from those who did not. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. We propose that rumination may impede emotional processing during CBT for anxiety, and warrants further attention and treatment. However, more advanced methods (e.g., multivariate modeling) are needed to improve the prognostic utility of rumination.

Response styles to sad mood and self-esteem as predictors of autobiographical memory: Distinctions between memory specificity and detail

Past studies have found that ruminative responses to sad mood contribute to impaired autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval. We tested the theoretical proposition that generalized negative beliefs about the self increase the impact of rumination, and examined both memory specificity (recall of single unique events occurring in one day) and memory detail (number of unique units of information in specific memories). Results indicated that memory specificity and detail were weakly correlated. Greater distraction was associated with poorer memory specificity, whereas greater distraction and lower ruminative questioning were associated with less memory detail, but only among individuals with low self-esteem. The study suggests that ruminative questioning and distraction play a stronger role in AM detail among individuals with generalized negative beliefs about the self, and supports the role of functional avoidance in impaired retrieval of specific memories and the distinction between AM specificity and detail.

The meaning of furloughs on family identification

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the meaning maintenance model (MMM) by elucidating the meaning employees provide to both work and family during a furlough.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of 180 state government employees, who completed four surveys, starting at a time before a furlough was initiated through returning to work following a furlough. The authors used random coefficient modeling of a mixed-effects model for discontinuous change.FindingsFindings suggest that a furlough is associated with increases in perceived psychological contract breach, an indication that the meaning of work is being threatened. Following the furlough, employees’ family identity salience significantly increased. Further, rumination about the furlough increased the shift in family identity salience.Research limitations/implicationsThis research tests the MMM in the context of furloughs and work-family implications. The results suggest that employees experience fluid compensation, a key facet of the MMM, during a furlough. Further, rumination of the experienced furlough can strengthen the fluid compensation process.Practical implicationsThe implications for organizations implementing furloughs and various methods for implementing furloughs are discussed.Originality/valueThis research extends the MMM by empirically examining it in the context of furloughs and work-family implications. Further, it extends the MMM by examining the impact of rumination on the fluid compensation process.

Association between romantic partners' rumination and couples' conflict is moderated by respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

Close relationships are an important social context in which emotional experiences, regulation, and coregulation unfold. This interpersonal emotion regulation process is likely intertwined with the self-regulatory capacities and social skills of each individual dyad member. This study aimed to examine whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a physiological marker related to self-regulation, moderates the impact of rumination, a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, on couples' conflict. A dyadic, longitudinal design examined the association among RSA, rumination, and couples' conflict in a sample of 83 cohabiting romantic partners raising young children. At baseline, rumination and RSA from each romantic partner were assessed. Couples' conflict was reported at 3 time points over the following 12 months. Actor-partner interdependence modeling examined the mutual contributions of each couple member's rumination to couples' conflict, as well as the moderating impact of RSA. Results indicated that rumination from both members of the dyad were independently associated with couples' conflict across the 12-month period. Furthermore, RSA moderated the association between one's partner's rumination and couples' conflict, such that high actor RSA attenuated the positive association between partner's rumination and couples' conflict. The findings highlight the interdependent nature of emotion regulation within close relationships, and the impact of RSA on interpersonal emotion regulation processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the mental health of students with an emotional breakdown.

Mental health is a significant part of one's health and it is very important to pay attention to mental health. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the mental health of adolescents with an emotional breakdown (EB). This was a semi-experimental study, in which the students with an EB were divided into two groups: the experimental and control groups. Twenty people were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the ACT and control groups (each with 10 people). After obtaining consent to participate in the study, they were asked to fill the questionnaires as a pre-test. Then, the experimental group was treated for nine individual sessions (weekly one session). As this was a repeated measurement method, in sessions 3, 6 and 9, the questionnaires were completed again and the follow-up period was 1 month after the end of the interventions. Before the intervention, there was no difference between the score of the impact of love and rumination among the students in the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05); but after the intervention, the score of the impact of love and rumination in the experimental group decreased (p < 0.05). It is suggested that ACT should be used at counseling centers of universities and educational institutions.

Use of gallic acid and hydrolyzable tannins to reduce methane emission and nitrogen excretion in beef cattle fed a diet containing alfalfa silage1,2.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different forms of hydrolyzable tannin [HT; source (chestnut, CN; tannic acid, TA); subunit (gallic acid, GA)] on apparent total-tract digestibility, methane (CH4) production, and nitrogen (N) utilization in beef cattle fed an alfalfa silage-based diet. Eight ruminally cannulated heifers with an initial BW of 480 ± 29.2 kg (mean ± SD) were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The experiment consisted of four 28-d periods (14-d adaptation, 14-d measurements) and a 7-d washout between periods. The animals received a basal diet with 19.8% CP (DM basis) content containing 75% alfalfa silage, 20% barley silage, and 5% supplement (DM basis) with or without different forms of HT. The dietary treatments were as follows: control (no HT), GA (1.5% of diet DM), TA (1.5% of diet DM), and CN (2% of diet DM). Animals were fed 95% of their ad libitum intake during the measurement phase. Total fecal excretion was collected for 4 d, CH4 was measured for 72 h using respiration chambers, and ruminal fermentation variables and plasma urea N (PUN) concentration were measured on 2 nonconsecutive days before and after feeding. The restricted DM (DMI; 10.79 ± 1.076 kg/d) and nutrient intakes did not differ (P ≥ 0.22) among treatments. Furthermore, apparent DM digestibility (60.3 ± 0.86%) was not affected (P = 0.20) by treatment, but CP digestibility decreased for TA and CN compared with control and GA treatments (63.1 vs. 69.0%; P < 0.001). Total VFA concentration tended (P = 0.089) to increase for GA compared with control and TA (134 vs. 125 and 126 mM) and intermediate for CN (129 mM). The PUN concentration was lower for all HT treatments compared with control (196 vs. 213 mg/L; P = 0.02). Both TA and CN increased the proportion of N excreted in feces and decreased the proportion in urine compared with control and GA (43.9% vs. 37.8% and 56.1% vs. 62.2%; respectively; P < 0.001). However, the proportion of urea N in urinary N decreased for all HT treatments compared with control (47.2% vs. 51.2%; P = 0.02). Also, GA tended to decrease CH4/DMI (20.4 vs. 22.3 g/kg DMI; P = 0.07) and decreased the proportion of GE intake emitted as CH4 (5.16 vs. 5.71%; P = 0.04) compared with control. Thus, among the different forms of HT applied to a high-protein alfalfa silage-based diet, both TA and CN had no effect on CH4 production, but decreased CP digestibility and shifted N excretion from urine to feces, whereas GA (i.e., HT subunit) decreased CH4 production and decreased the proportion of urea N in urinary N in beef cattle without affecting CP digestibility. Thus, feeding the HT subunit, GA, has the potential to decrease environment impact of ruminants (lower CH4 and ammonia emissions), without decreasing animal performance.

BDNF Val66Met genotype moderates the impact of rumination on cortisol awakening response and subjective well-being

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a well-established biomarker for the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in healthy as well as clinical samples. Cortisol rise during the first 60 min after awakening is often used as a proxy of HPA axis regulation in health and disease. Ultradian pulsatility of cortisol is known to superimpose its circadian rhythmicity with the CAR being the first rise after awakening. However, the exact length of the complete first pulse (rise and fall) after awakening, as well as the association between the CAR, the complete first pulse, and successive ultradian pulses, has not yet been studied systematically.Aim of this study was to investigate cortisol dynamics after awakening beyond the standard assessment duration of 60 min in order to assess the cortisol awakening pulse, in relation to ultradian rhythmicity of cortisol after awakening. In a sample of 51 healthy participants, salivary cortisol was collected for the first 270 min after awakening in intervals of 30 min, on two separate days. Different parameters describing individual cortisol pulses over time with respect to inter- and intraindividual variations such as duration, amplitude and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Special emphasis was put on the first rise and fall after awakening, called the cortisol awakening pulse (CAP).Mean duration of the CAP was 108 min with high interindividual differences. Duration of first and second pulse were associated with subject’s sex and menstrual cycle status, with a longer first pulse and an attenuated second pulse in male and female subjects in the luteal phase, compared to female subjects in the follicular phase, or women taking oral contraceptives.These results point to the potential usefulness of a longer sampling period for assessing ultradian pulsatility of cortisol in the morning, especially the CAP. To assess the complete pulse rather than the rise alone, measurement of cortisol levels after awakening for 120 min is recommended.

Retrospective Study of Clinical Cases in Ruminants at the UFRGS Veterinary Teaching Hospital

Background: The pillars of animal production are sanity, genetics and nutrition. Sanitary control of the herd is important to reduce production costs and maintain health. The Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), located in Porto Alegre - RS, is the place of greatest casuistry of the state, with 20.000 annual attendances, between small and large animals. In view of this scenario, the present study aimed to determine the frequency and characterize the ruminants attended at HCV, in order to help in the future, in the construction of control and prevention strategies of diseases found. Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The documents of ruminant care between January 2007 and May 2018 were searched in the archives of the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFRGS. Data on species, race, sex, age and diagnosis were collected. Diagnoses were classified as conclusive and inconclusive and the cases with conclusive diagnosis were classified according to etiology: infectious and parasitic diseases, metabolic and nutritional diseases, reproductive and obstetric diseases, toxic diseases, traumatic diseases. The prevalence of diseases and characteristics of ruminants attended (species, sex, category) was calculated. During the study period, between January 2007 and May 2018, 341 ruminants were attended, with emphasis on sheep (42%), goats (39%) and cattle (18%). In addition, a camel with foreign body obstruction, a sambar deer with fracture of the first thoracic vertebra and a buffalo with ruminal impaction were attended. The care profile was mapped, with predominance of females (57%) and adults (59%). Most of the animals did not present a defined breed, but among the breeds stands out Texel, of cutting aptitude, in sheeps and Saanen and Holstein, of dairy aptitude, in goats and cattle, respectively. In the retrospective study, the diseases with infectious and parasitic etiology presented the highest prevalence with 27.5% of the attendances, followed by reproductive (17.5%), traumatic (13.5%), metabolic (10%), others (10%) and toxic (2.5%). Sixty-six animals had inconclusive diagnosis (19.5%). Discussion: The highest prevalences were infectious and parasitic diseases, with emphasis on myiasis and verminosis. So, it is perceived that management corrections are sufficient to reduce the number of occurrences of diseases and prophylactic measures such as vaccination protocol, vermifugation and adequate nutritional management are allied in this walk. Among the reproductive diseases, dystocia (42.85%), which is one of the main causes of mortality in the peripartum period, has been highlighted. Dog attack was the major cause of traumas in ruminants and urolithiasis was highlighted in metabolic diseases. In toxic diseases, copper intoxication was the most important. Sheep are extremely sensitive to this intoxication, as they tend to accumulate copper in the organism. The retrospective study made it possible to visualize the panorama of HCV UFRGS visits to ruminants in the last years, mapping the profile and determining the casuistry of the diseases. Studies of hospital veterinary casuistry are rare, mainly involving ruminants. At the end, it is concluded that studies referring to casuistry are important to know the predominant diseases in a specific area and its risk factors considering differential diagnosis and future prevention programs.

Ruminative minds, wandering minds: Effects of rumination and mind wandering on lexical associations, pitch imitation and eye behaviour.

This study demonstrates that rumination is reflected in two behavioural signals that both play an important role in face-to-face interactions and provides evidence for the negative impact of rumination on social cognition. Sixty-one students were randomly assigned either to a condition in which rumination was induced or to a control condition. Their task was to play a speech-based word association game with an Embodied Conversational Agent during which their word associations, pitch imitation and eye movements were measured. Two questionnaires assessed their ruminative tendencies and mind wandering thoughts, respectively. Rumination predicted differences in task-related mind wandering, polarity of lexical associations, pitch imitation, and blinks while mind wandering predicted differences in saccades. This outcome may show that rumination has a negative impact on certain aspects of social interactions.

Gray matter volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex moderates the relationship between rumination and depressed mood

Previous studies have indicated that negative cognition and rumination represent two vulnerabilities to depression and moderate one another’s influence on depression. Building upon previous studies, higher inhibitory abilities potentially allow less negative memories to feed into the ruminative process, which may mitigate the deleterious impact of rumination. Additionally, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays an important role in memory inhibition. In the current study, we explored the moderating role of DLPFC between rumination and depressed mood. We used the think/no-think paradigm to explore the brain mechanisms of memory inhibition, and subsequently investigated the moderation effect of areas of interest, related with the memory inhibition, on the relationship between rumination and depressed mood. The results showed that higher memory inhibition ability was associated with larger gray matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In addition, smaller gray matter volume in this area aggravated the relationship between rumination and depressed mood. This finding might help elucidate when and why healthy individuals experience depressed mood.

Active coping moderates associations among race-related stress, rumination, and depressive symptoms in emerging adult African American women.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal research has shown that race-related stress is associated with increased depressive symptoms among racial/ethnic minorities. Rumination has long been considered a maladaptive self-regulatory response to race-related stress, and growing evidence suggests that it may be an important link in the relation between race-related stress and depression. More adaptive forms of self-regulation, such as active coping, may counteract the negative impact of rumination. We examined the influence of rumination on the relation between race-related stress and depressive symptoms in a sample (N = 69) of young adult (mean age = 20 ± 1.5 years) African American women. We also considered the possible moderating effects of John Henryism, a form of persistent and determined goal striving, and vagally mediated heart rate variability, a purported biomarker of coping. Anticipatory race-related stress was indirectly associated with depressive symptoms through rumination: estimate = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [0.01, 0.16]. Both John Henryism and vagally mediated heart rate variability moderated the relationship between race-related stress and rumination; however, only John Henryism reliably influenced the indirect association between race-related stress and depression through rumination. We discuss these findings in the context of growing research examining the interplay between cultural and biological factors in the risk for poorer mental health.

Report of Outbreak of Ruminal Impaction Due to Indigestible Foreign Bodies in Sheep, in Northwest of Iran

Report of Outbreak of Ruminal Impaction Due to Indigestible Foreign Bodies in Sheep, in Northwest of Iran

Ruminal impaction in a miniature zebu steer

An approximately one-year-old miniature zebu steer was examined for lethargy, anorexia and decreased faecal output of one day’s duration. Based on the steer’s history of malnourishment, physical examination and abdominal...

Ruminal impaction due to plastic materials - An increasing threat to ruminants and its impact on human health in developing countries.

Ruminal impaction due to plastic materials is a condition, in which indigestible plastic foreign bodies accumulate in the rumen of ruminants leading to ruminal impaction, indigestion, recurrent tympany, and many other adverse health effects. It is caused by the indiscriminate feeding of ruminants on indigestible plastic waste materials. The disease is primarily noticed in stray animals residing in urban areas of developing countries. Ingested plastic materials in the rumen slowly release the chemicals in rumen fluid, which intern enter the food chain through milk and meat products. These chemicals have a detrimental effect on human health. At present, exploratory rumenotomy is the only choice for both diagnosis and treatment of ruminal impaction due to plastic materials in ruminants. Control measures include good animal husbandry practices and proper disposal of plastic waste materials. The present review discusses in depth about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of ruminal impaction due to plastic materials in ruminants and also highlights its impact on human health.

Ruminating about the past or ruminating about the future—which has the bigger impact on health? An exploratory study

Stress has been shown to impact significantly on mental and physical well-being, and a key moderator variable in the stress process is continuing to ruminate about emotional upset: rumination serves to prolong elevations in adrenaline and cortisol, resulting in sustained cardiovascular strain and immune compromise. However, inspection of rumination scales suggests a distinction between prospective and retrospective rumination, and their differential contribution to stress and its consequences have not been explored. The aim of the present paper was two-fold: to establish that the two components could reliably be extracted from a widely-used rumination index, and whether their effects on anxiety, depression and physical symptoms could be distinguished. A final study explored their differential effects on self-harming behaviour, where the impact of rumination has already been demonstrated. Results showed that prospective rumination is the better predictor of psychological and physical health. The deleterious effects of stress are primarily associated with chronic rather than acute stress, and in the interests of resolving definitional confusion, the term stress is used in this paper to describe chronic stress and substituting pressure for acute ‘stress’. The distinction provides a justification for defining stress as rumination, since ruminating about emotional upset serves to prolong physiological arousal (fight-or-flight) which would otherwise revert to resting levels.

Anger rumination and subjective happiness: forgiveness and vengeance as mediators

The present study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of forgiveness and vengeance and its relationship with anger rumination and subjective happiness. Anger rumination, subjective happiness, trait forgiveness and vengeance scales were administrated to 367 university students. Structural equation modelling revealed that forgiveness and vengeance fully mediated the relations between anger rumination and subjective happiness. Bootstrapping analyses demonstrated significant indirect impact of anger rumination on subjective happiness due to the mediating effect of forgiveness and vengeance. This finding demonstrates that forgiveness and vengeance serve to clarify the relationship between anger rumination and subjective happiness.

Anger rumination and subjective happiness: forgiveness and vengeance as mediators

The present study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of forgiveness and vengeance and its relationship with anger rumination and subjective happiness. Anger rumination, subjective happiness, trait forgiveness and vengeance scales were administrated to 367 university students. Structural equation modelling revealed that forgiveness and vengeance fully mediated the relations between anger rumination and subjective happiness. Bootstrapping analyses demonstrated significant indirect impact of anger rumination on subjective happiness due to the mediating effect of forgiveness and vengeance. This finding demonstrates that forgiveness and vengeance serve to clarify the relationship between anger rumination and subjective happiness.

Impact of rumination and regret on depression among new employees in China

We examined the mediating effect of regret in the relationship between rumination and depression in new employees in China. Newly employed staff members of 2 Chinese firms (N = 376) completed a survey to measure their rumination, regret, and depression. We used structural equation modeling to test the mediating effect of regret in this relationship, and bootstrapping methods to assess the magnitude of the direct and indirect effects. The results indicated that the direct effect of rumination on depression was significant. We also found a significant indirect effect of rumination on depression through the mediator of regret. The findings extend those of prior studies and shed light on how rumination affects depression among new employees in China, in that regret can partially mediate the effect of rumination on depression.

Cognitive Impairments in Unipolar Depression: The Impact of Rumination

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impairments in several cognitive domains. People with depression also tend to focus on and think about their problems (“ruminate”) more than people without depression. Recent studies indicate that depressive rumination is connected to cognitive impairments in MDD. However, there is little scientific understanding of the role of rumination in these deficits. Sampling and Methods: The current study examined the performance of 62 outpatients suffering from unipolar major depression with a low tendency to ruminate versus outpatients with a high tendency to ruminate using a neuropsychological battery covering the 5 cognitive domains: attention, memory, working memory, executive functions and processing speed. Results: The results indicated that high ruminators show a lower performance than low ruminators with regard to processing speed and executive function tasks with low effect sizes. However, these findings were not significant after Bonferroni correction. Hierarchical linear regression revealed that the effect on processing speed could be partially attributed to rumination, but an effect on executive functions was not established. Conclusions: The current study is the first to systematically investigate the impact of rumination on cognitive impairments in MDD, exploring a broad range of cognitive domains. The results partially support the hypothesis that rumination has an impact on single cognitive domains and highlight the necessity for further investigations in order to generalize these findings.