Impact Of Rumination Research Articles

Impacts of work-related rumination on employee’s innovative performance: based on the conservation of resources theory

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the double-edged sword effects of work-related rumination on employees’ innovative performance. Drawing upon Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study developed a model to reveal the mechanism through which work-related rumination affects employees’ innovative performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a sample of employees and their managers at an information technology services firm in China. A two-wave data collection method with a one-month interval was employed. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling on 482 paired manager-subordinate responses.FindingsOur findings highlight the complex interplay between work-related rumination and innovative performance. Specifically, affective rumination was found to detract from employees’ innovative performance, whereas problem-solving pondering had a positive effect. Notably, creative self-efficacy emerged as a key mediator in these relationships. Furthermore, employees’ perceived organizational support moderated the impact of rumination on creative self-efficacy and, consequently, on innovative performance, buffering the negative effects of affective rumination and enhancing the positive effects of problem-solving pondering.Originality/valueFirstly, it enriches the existing literature on work-related rumination by exploring its nuanced influence on employees’ innovative performance. Secondly, it illuminates the underlying mechanism through which work-related rumination affects innovative performance, mediated by creative self-efficacy. Lastly, it highlights the crucial role of perceived organizational support in moderating these relationships, offering valuable insights for practitioners seeking to foster a more innovative work environment.

Impact of Rumination, and Dyadic Coping on Parenting Sense of Competence Among Puerperal Women in China: A Cross-sectional Study

This study aimed to explore the potential categories of parenting sense of competence and to analyze the influence of rumination and dyadic coping on the potential categories of parenting sense of competence. A total of 199 postpartum women who met the criteria were surveyed from a tertiary grade-A hospital in Shanxi (China) from May 2023 to August 2023. The instruments included the general demographic characteristics, Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale, Chinese event related rumination inventory, and Chinese version of dyadic coping inventory. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify the parenting sense of competence in postpartum women, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors. The characteristics of parenting sense of competence in postpartum women can be divided into two potential categories, namely, easy-to-satisfy group (39.3%) and strict-demand group (60.7%). Logistic regression analysis showed that years of marriage, place of residence, deliberate rumination, and dyadic coping were the influencing factors of the potential categories of parenting sense of competence in postpartum women (p<.05). Through Latent profile analysis (LPA) analysis, it was found that postpartum women's parenting sense of competence exhibits different characteristics. Clinical workers should identify the characteristics and influencing factors of different categories of women and adopt targeted intervention strategies to promote the level of parenting sense of competence.

A Green Misconception: The Real Impact and Role of Ruminants on Greenhouse Gases

A Green Misconception: The Real Impact and Role of Ruminants on Greenhouse Gases

An overview of digestive disorders of forestomach in cattles and buffaloes

Disorders affecting the forestomach in large ruminants pose significant challenges to livestock health and productivity, warranting comprehensive understanding and management strategies. This review explores the multifactorial etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic interventions for forestomach disorders in large ruminants, including rumen acidosis, bloat, ruminal impaction and traumatic reticuloperitonitis. Emphasis is placed on the role of nutrition, microbial flora imbalance, management practices, and environmental factors in predisposing animals to these conditions. Diagnostic modalities, ranging from clinical examination to advanced imaging laboratory techniques, are discussed for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. Furthermore, therapeutic option, including dietary adjustments, rumenotomy and supportive care, are elucidated, along with preventive measures aimed at minimizing the occurrence and impact of forestomach disorders in large ruminants A holistic approach encompassing proper nutrition, herd management, and veterinary oversight is imperative for mitigating the economic and welfare implication associated with these disorders.

Rumination and Forgiveness in Emerging Adults: Mediating Role of Mindfulness and Humility.

The objective of this study was to examine whether mindfulness and humility mediate the influence of rumination on forgiveness among emerging adults. The sample consisted of 392 individuals in the emerging adulthood stage, residing in Türkiye, with 69.10% females and 30.90% males, aged between 18 and 25years (M = 20.19, SD = 1.77). Data were collected through a demographic information form and four self-report scales. In addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and bootstrap analysis were employed for data analysis. According to the study's findings, it can be inferred that ruminative thoughts among emerging adults hinder their ability to forgive. Furthermore, the study revealed that mindfulness and humility serve as mediators in the relationship between ruminative thoughts and forgiveness in emerging adults. In this context, it can be concluded that leveraging the positive effects of mindfulness and humility can mitigate the adverse impact of rumination on forgiveness among emerging adults, thus enhancing their inclination towards forgiveness.

A meta-analysis of probiotic interventions to mitigate ruminal methane emissions in cattle: implications for sustainable livestock farming

In recent years, the significant impact of ruminants on methane emissions has garnered international attention. While dietary strategies have been implemented to solve this issue, probiotics gained the attention of researchers due to their sustainability. However, it is challenging to ascertain their effectiveness as an extensive range of strains and doses have been reported in the literature. Hence, the objective of this experiment was to perform a meta-analysis of probiotic interventions aiming to reduce ruminal methane emissions from cattle. From 362 articles retrieved from scientific databases, 85 articles were assessed independently by two reviewers, and 20 articles representing 49 comparisons were found eligible for meta-analysis. In each study, data such as mean, SD, and sample sizes of both the control and probiotic intervention groups were extracted. The outcomes of interest were methane emission, methane yield, and methane intensity. For the meta-analysis, effect sizes were pooled using a fixed effect or a random effect model depending on the heterogeneity. Afterward, sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the robustness of the findings. Overall pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their confidence intervals (CIs) did not detect significant differences in methane emission (SMD = −0.04; 95% CI = −0.18–0.11; P = 0.632), methane yield (SMD = −0.08; 95% CI = −0.24–0.07; P = 0.291), and methane intensity (SMD = −0.22; 95% CI = −0.50–0.07; P = 0.129) between cattle supplemented with probiotics and the control group. However, subgroup analyses revealed that multiple-strain bacterial probiotics (SMD = −0.36; 95% CI = −0.62 to −0.11; P = 0.005), specifically the combination of bacteria involved in reductive acetogenesis and propionate production (SMD = −0.71; 95% CI = −1.04 to −0.36; P = 0.001), emerged as better interventions. Likewise, crossbreeds (SMD = −0.48; 95% CI = −0.78 to −0.18; P = 0.001) exhibited a more favorable response to the treatments. Furthermore, meta-regression demonstrated that longer periods of supplementation led to significant reductions in methane emissions (P = 0.001), yield (P = 0.032), and intensity (P = 0.012) effect sizes. Overall, the results of the current study suggest that cattle responses to probiotic interventions are highly dependent on the probiotic category. Therefore, extended trials performed with probiotics containing multiple bacterial strains are showing the most promising results. Ideally, further trials focusing on the use of probiotics to reduce ruminal methane in cattle should be conducted to complete the available literature.

Impact of Employees' Rumination on Work Engagement: Mediating and Moderating Roles of Emotional Intelligence

Objectives: Work engagement is critical in organizational development as it improves and enhances performance and innovative behavior. Work engagement could be influenced by individual traits, work environment, and other factors. Hence, a need was felt to investigate whether and how rumination, as a personality trait, influences work engagement. Methods: This study expanded on previous research on rumination and work engagement by introducing emotional intelligence to build mediating and moderating models. The study focused on rumination affecting work engagement and explored emotional intelligence for its role in mediating and moderating the relationship between rumination and work engagement. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 930 employees of Chinese central enterprises were identified to investigate the relationship between rumination, emotional intelligence, and work engagement. The findings were calculated on Ruminative response scale, Work-engagement scale, and Emotional intelligence scale, Results: Results showed that rumination had a significant negative predictive effect on work engagement (β = –0.35, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, emotional intelligence mediated (B = –0.39, P &lt; 0.001) and moderated (B = –0.16, P = 0.024) the effect of rumination on work engagement. Conclusion: This study enriches the understanding of work engagement by quantitatively demonstrating the influence of emotional intelligence on the relationship between rumination and work engagement. This study has implications for enterprises to improve the level of mental health and work engagement among their employees.

The role of anger rumination as a mediator in the relationship between driver moral disengagement and driving angry

BackgroundRoad rage is a common phenomenon during driving, which not only affects the psychological health of drivers but also may increase the risk of traffic accidents. This article explores the impact of moral disengagement and anger rumination on road rage through two studies. MethodThis research combined experimental studies with survey questionnaires. Study one used a driving simulator to investigate whether moral disengagement and anger rumination are psychological triggers of road rage in real-time driving, and whether there are differences in the main psychological triggers of road rage under different road scenarios. Building on the first study, study two employed a survey questionnaire to analyze the relationship between moral disengagement, anger rumination, and road rage. Participants in both studies were drivers with certain driving ages and experience. Data were processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability and validity tests, and multiple regression analysis. ResultsThe findings indicated: (1) There were significant differences in the anger induction rate across different road scenarios, χ2 = 35.73, p < 0.01, effect size = 0.29. Significant differences in average anger levels were observed in scenarios involving oncoming vehicles, lane-cutting, sudden stops by the vehicle ahead, pedestrians crossing the road, and traffic congestion (F = 20.41, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.36), with anger rumination playing a major role in the formation of road rage; (2) Moral disengagement significantly predicted road rage (β = 0.25, t = 3.85, p < 0.01). The predictive effect of moral disengagement on anger rumination was significant (β = 0.39, t = 6.17, p < 0.01), as was the predictive effect of anger rumination on road rage (β = 0.43, t = 6.3, p < 0.01). The direct effect of moral disengagement on road rage included 0 in the bootstrap 95% confidence interval, while the mediating effect of anger rumination did not include 0 in the bootstrap 95% confidence interval, indicating that anger rumination fully mediated the relationship between moral disengagement and road rage.

Investigating the impact of rumination and adverse childhood experiences on resting-state neural activity and connectivity in depression

BackgroundBoth ruminative thought processes and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-established risk factors for the emergence and maintenance of depression. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations remain poorly understood. MethodsWe examined resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data (3 T Tim Trio MR scanner; Siemens, Erlangen) of 44 individuals diagnosed with an acute depressive episode. Specifically, we focused on investigating functional brain activity and connectivity within and between three large-scale neural networks associated with processes affected in depression: the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN). Correlational and regression-based analyses were performed. ResultsOur regions of interest analyses revealed that region-specific spontaneous neural activity in the anterior DMN was associated with self-reported trait rumination, specifically, the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC). Furthermore, using a liberal statistical threshold, we found that spontaneous neural activity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the pgACC were associated with depression symptom severity. Neither spontaneous neural activity in the SN and CEN nor functional connectivity within and across the investigated networks was associated with depression severity or rumination. Furthermore, there was no association between ACEs and brain activity and connectivity. LimitationsLack of a formal control group or low-risk group for comparison. ConclusionsOverall, our results indicate network-specific changes in spontaneous brain activity, that are linked to both depression severity and rumination. Findings underscore the crucial role of the pgACC in depression and contribute to a dimensional and symptom-based understanding of depression-related network imbalances.

Influential factors of depression: The impact of harsh parenting, school support, and rumination

Building on Beck's cognitive model of depression, this study examined the link between harsh parenting and adolescent depression via rumination. In addition, this study examined the moderating effect of school support. A survey of 4991 high school students in China was conducted utilizing the Harsh Parenting Scale, Rumination Responses Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results of this study unveiled a positive association between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. Furthermore, it was observed that rumination partially mediated the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. Notably, the results indicated that school support exerted a negative regulatory influence on the latter part of the mediation model, demonstrating that higher levels of school support effectively mitigated the adverse impact of rumination on depression. These findings highlight the crucial role of interventions targeted at reducing harsh parenting practices and bolstering school support in mitigating adolescent depression. By addressing these factors, we can make noteworthy progress in promoting the overall well-being and mental health of adolescents.

Does workplace ostracism lead to workplace withdrawal? Testing the moderating-mediating effects of rumination and mindfulness in Indian hospitality industry

PurposeTaking the support of social capital theory and conservation of resource theory, the present study explores the mediating role of rumination and moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship of workplace ostracism (WO) and workplace withdrawal (WW).Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected in two waves from 467 employees working in hotels located in Delhi NCR region of India. The hypothesised relationships were investigated by macro-PROCESS (Hayes, 2013).FindingsThe results found a mediating impact of rumination on WO and WW relationship. It further supported the moderating effect of mindfulness in weakening the association between WO and WW via rumination.Practical implicationsThis study identified mindfulness as an essential mechanism by which WO may be regulated to control employee's tendency to ruminate. Rumination may initially be prevented in organisations by regulating the primary effect of WO on employees' decisions for WW.Originality/valueBy linking the research model with the social capital theory, the study has contributed to the existing body of knowledge. The study is the first of its kind in India to examine the impact of hypothesised associations on the hotel industry. The findings of the study would help the industry in understanding the role of mindfulness in reducing aberrant behaviours at workplace.

Disorders of forestomach in large ruminants: A review

In countries like India where growth of human population is a major problem, livestock products are major source of nutrition to fulfil the demands of this large growing population. Disorder affecting the forestomach of large ruminants pose a significant challenge to livestock productivity. This review presents important findings on understanding ruminal disorder, diagnostic techniques and their treatment of common clinical conditions like ruminal acidosis, bloat, ruminal impaction, reticulo-peritonitis, and predisposing factors such as nutrition, management practices and environmental factors have been explained. The currently available diagnostic techniques, advanced imaging laboratory techniques, their timely assessment have been discussed in detail. The diagnosis of the disorders through various diagnostic methods and subsequent treatment methods, dietary adjustments and precautions to be taken to protect the livestock from the effects of these disorders have been described. Animal welfare requires the availability of animal nutrition for clinical solution to diseases and a holistic approach towards treatment of disease.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Foreign Body in the Rumen and Reticulum of Small Ruminants Slaughtered at Mogadishu, Somalia

Background The majority of the sheep and goats that live in Somalia are among the continent’s largest animal populations. A significant portion of the Somali population relies on them as a means of sustenance and financial support. A small ruminant after eating foreign materials can have ruminal impaction, a condition in which indigestible foreign bodies accumulate in the rumen of ruminants, leading to ruminal impaction indigestion, recurrent tympany, and many other adverse health effects. Study A cross-sectional method was used to conduct this study. In the data gathering procedure, researchers did a sieve on random selection for the study in order to record the data. The data gathered were specifically tailored to the animal’s sex, age, species, body score, and origin. Foreign bodies were examined in the rumen and reticulum during the post-mortem examination of small ruminants at Kawaanbari slaughterhouse. Objectives The main objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum of small ruminants and identify associated risk factors in Kawaanbari Slaughterhouse, Mogadishu, Somalia. Results The study’s results showed that of the 384 small ruminants examined for foreign bodies, 154 (40.1%) were found to have foreign bodies in their rumen or reticulum. Seventeen (4.4%) had foreign bodies located in the reticulum, while 137 (35.7%) animals were found to have foreign bodies present in the rumen of the 104 sheep examined; 52 (13.5%) had foreign bodies; and of the 280 goats examined, 102 (26.6%) tested positive for foreign bodies. It was found that the body condition score had a statistically significant association (p&lt;0.05) with the presence of foreign bodies. Conclusion In conclusion, the current study found that approximately 40.1% of various types of undigested objects were present in the rumen and reticulum of sheep and goats from different areas in the Benadir and Shabelle regions, which were destined for slaughter at the Kawaanbari Abattoir on the outskirts of Mogadishu. The majority of these foreign bodies were found in animals that were in poor physical condition. Recommendation The study recommends that pastoralists and farmers ensure a consistent availability of feed for ruminants throughout all seasons as a preventive measure against the ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies.

Multiple bHLH/MYB-based protein complexes regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the herbage of Lotus spp.

Main conclusionThe complexes involving MYBPA2, TT2b, and TT8 proteins are the critical regulators of ANR and LAR genes to promote the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in the leaves of Lotus spp.The environmental impact and health of ruminants fed with forage legumes depend on the herbage's concentration and structure of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Unfortunately, the primary forage legumes (alfalfa and clover) do not contain substantial levels of PAs. No significant progress has been made to induce PAs to agronomically valuable levels in their edible organs by biotechnological approaches thus far. Building this trait requires a profound knowledge of PA regulators and their interplay in species naturally committed to accumulating these metabolites in the target organs. Against this background, we compared the shoot transcriptomes of two inter-fertile Lotus species, namely Lotus tenuis and Lotus corniculatus, polymorphic for this trait, to search for differentially expressed MYB and bHLH genes. We then tested the expression of the above-reported regulators in L. tenuis x L. corniculatus interspecific hybrids, several Lotus spp., and different L. corniculatus organs with contrasting PA levels. We identified a novel MYB activator and MYB-bHLH-based complexes that, when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, trans-activated the promoters of L. corniculatus anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase 1 genes. The last are the two critical structural genes for the biosynthesis of PAs in Lotus spp. Competition between MYB activators for the transactivation of these promoters also emerged. Overall, by employing Lotus as a model genus, we refined the transcriptional network underlying PA biosynthesis in the herbage of legumes. These findings are crucial to engineering this trait in pasture legumes.

The impact of rumination on fibromyalgia pain after physical activity: an experimental study

Some fibromyalgia (FM) patients engage in rumination (i.e. a chain of repetitive, passive and relatively uncontrollable thoughts focused on negative content) to cope with the pain and discomfort of daily activities. The partial model of rumination in chronic pain suggests that rumination processes may play a causal role in maintaining pain. Rumination might also be one of the key factors interfering with the reestablishment of adapted physical activity. The objective of this study was to test how rumination vs. distraction induction influence FM patients’ pain intensity, discomfort linked to pain, and affect after physical activity. Forty-seven participants with a diagnosis of FM were randomly assigned to undergo distraction induction vs. rumination induction after performing a physical activity in ecological setting. Their pain intensity, pain-related discomfort, and affect were measured at the baseline, after physical activity, and after rumination versus distraction induction. A series of mixed-design ANOVAs showed that rumination induction after physical activity impairs patients’ recovery in terms of pain intensity and discomfort, but not affect, as compared to the distraction condition. In conclusion, participants with fibromyalgia who engage in rumination following a physical activity recover less from their pain experience as compared to distraction induction. These results are consistent with the partial model of rumination in chronic pain and support the idea that rumination may play a causal role in the development and maintenance of pain.

Autumn grass treated with a hydrolysable tannin extract versus lactic acid bacteria inoculant: Effects on silage fermentation characteristics and nutritional value and on performance of lactating dairy cows.

Hydrolysable tannins (HT) show potential as silage additive for autumn herbage silages, high in (rumen degradable) protein, as they may reduce proteolysis.Additionally, they have abilities to form pH-reversible tannin-protein complexes, non-degradable in the rumen but degradable in theabomasum and intestines of ruminants. Therefore they can improve milk N efficiency and shift N excretions from urine to faeces, possibly mitigating the environmental impact of ruminants. In this study, two small bunker silos were filled with autumn grass. One was treated with 20 g/kg DM HT extract (TAN) (TannoSan-L), the other with 8 mg/kg DM inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria (INO) (Bonsilage Fit G). Secondly, micro-silos (2.75 L) were filled with four treatments; (1) grass without additive (CON) (n = 5); (2) TAN (n = 5); (3) INO (n = 5); and (4) TAN + INO (n = 5). The bunker silos were used in a cross-over feeding experiment with periods of 4 weeks involving 22 lactating Holstein cows (average ± SD: 183 ± 36.3 days in milk, 665 ± 71.0 kg body weight, and 33.8 ± 3.91 kg/day milk yield). The HT dose was insufficient to reduce proteolysis or alter chemical composition and nutritional value in the micro- and bunker silages. Including grass silage added with TAN (3.2 g HT/kg DM) in the diet, did not affect feed intake nor fat and protein corrected milk yield in comparison to feeding the grass silage added with INO in a similar diet. The TAN-fed cows had an increased faecal N excretion and decreased apparent total-tract N and organic matter digestibility, but no improvement in the cows' N utilization could be confirmed in milk and blood urea levels. Overall, feeding an autumn grass silage treated with 20 g/kg chestnut HT extract did not affect the performance of dairy cows in comparison to feeding an autumn grass silage treated with a lactic acid bacteria inoculant.

Do savoring beliefs predict posttraumatic stress symptoms following stressful life events?

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Savoring beliefs refer to people’s beliefs about their ability to generate, increase, and prolong enjoyment from positive experiences. The role of these beliefs in affecting responses to negative events is largely unexplored. This study aimed to increase knowledge about the role of savoring beliefs in symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS) following negative life events and the incremental role of these beliefs beyond the impact of worry, depressive rumination, and neuroticism. Design A two-wave longitudinal survey. Methods Two-hundred and five students completed the Savoring Beliefs Inventory, measuring one’s ability to generate pleasure from past, present, and anticipated experiences at Time 1 (T1). Six months later (at T2), they rated adverse life-events experienced between T1 and T2 and completed measures of PTS (associated with the most distressing event experienced in this time-frame) and depression. Results Savoring beliefs at T1 were correlated with PTS total scores and PTS clusters and depression at T2. Regression analyses indicated that savoring beliefs regarding present and future (but not past) events were associated with some, but not all T2-outcomes, above and beyond worry, depressive rumination, and neuroticism. Conclusions This study confirms that increased savoring beliefs could mitigate the impact of confrontation with adverse events.

The impact of rumination on information seeking, depressive symptomology, and protective actions in response to COVID-19

A lengthy history of research in the crisis communication literature has documented sex differences in information needs and responses. Response Styles Theory is introduced as a potential explanatory mechanism for these findings, which may be attributable to differences in rumination tendency. A representative survey of over 5,000 United States residents explored information seeking and risk perceptions regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Results support the argument that previously observed sex differences may be accounted for rumination, and rumination is predictive of specific (but not general) risk estimation. Rumination may also drive information seeking and subsequent depressive symptoms, especially among men. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for risk and crisis communicators, and our consideration of gender norms and their impact on risk message processing.

The Impact of Average and Daily Rumination on Diurnal Cortisol in Older African American Adults

Rumination has the potential to disrupt the diurnal cortisol rhythm with implications for physical and mental health. The Perseverative Cognition Hypothesis posits that the persistent cognitive representation of a stressor can prolong physiological stress response. Rumination, one form of perseverative cognition, can be assessed from two perspectives: the general tendency to ruminate and rumination in response to specific daily stressors. The present study examined the effect of both average and daily rumination on diurnal cortisol in older African American adults. Data were drawn from the Health among Older adults Living in Detroit (HOLD) study, an ongoing examination of healthy aging in African American adults, (N = 211; Mage = 67.6 yrs, SD = 8.5, range = 50–89). Across five days, participants completed daily diaries assessing rumination about the day’s most stressful event and provided four saliva samples per day from which cortisol data were obtained. Cortisol data was available for 203 individuals. Individuals with higher perceived stress and lower income ruminated more over the five days. Hierarchical linear models tested effects of average and daily rumination on diurnal cortisol. Average rumination did not predict diurnal cortisol slope. Furthermore, daily rumination did not predict diurnal slope across the current day or the subsequent day. Neither average nor daily rumination predicted diurnal cortisol in African American adults. The present study measured rumination across only five days; future studies are recommended to examine the effect of trait levels of rumination on cortisol dynamics in addition to daily rumination.

The impact of depressive symptomology, rumination and objective memory performance on subjective cognitive complaints

IntroductionCognitive impairment in depression can present as subjective or objective, but the intensity of the former is higher and is not correlated with the deficits measured in neuropsychological tests. We hypothesised that rumination would be associated with subjective cognitive impairment. MethodsThe study was performed through the online PsyToolkit platform. It included 168 healthy people and 93 people with depression. To examine memory, a recognition-type task was used with emotionally charged words as the stimulus. Depression symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, subjective cognitive impairment with the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-20, and intensity of rumination with the Polish Questionnaire of Rumination. ResultsMDD patients had significantly higher levels of depression symptoms, rumination, and subjective cognitive deficits than the control group. In the memory task, the MDD group had a higher error rate than the control group. In hierarchical regression analysis, depression and rumination were found to be significant predictors of subjective cognitive impairment, whereas objective memory performance was not. Exploratory analyses revealed that rumination mediates the association between depression and subjective cognitive complaints. ConclusionCognitive problems are common in depression and affect the quality of life. The results suggest that patients with depression have higher levels of rumination and subjective memory impairment, and that there is no direct link between subjective and objective cognitive decline. The findings may have implications for the development of effective treatment strategies for depression and cognitive impairment.