Interpretation Of Rules Research Articles

Evaluation of Drafting and Interpretation of Arbitration Clauses in Commercial Contracts

Arbitration clauses serve as vital mechanisms for dispute resolution in commercial contracts, providing parties with an alternative to traditional litigation. However, the effectiveness of arbitration hinges greatly on the precision and clarity of the clauses drafted within contracts. This article evaluates the drafting and interpretation of arbitration clauses in commercial contracts, scrutinizing the language employed, the specificity of provisions, and the considerations for effective implementation. Drawing on legal principles, case law, and practical insights, this article analysis delves into the nuances of arbitration clause formulation and its implications on dispute resolution efficiency and fairness. Moreover, this article examines what should be the contents in drafting clauses in commercial contracts. Moreover, certain rules of interpretation are mentioned to examine the arbitration clauses in commercial contracts. It is further highlighted that what should be an essential elements of arbitration clause in commercial contracts along with certain principles of drafting. Further emphasises is placed on nexus between statutory and judicial pronouncements in interpreting arbitration clauses. This article examines common pitfalls in drafting and the challenges in interpretation and acts as guidance for practitioners and businesses to navigate the complexities of arbitration clauses effectively. Furthermore, this article underscores the importance of clear and comprehensive arbitration provisions in mitigating disputes and fostering smoother commercial transactions. Lastly, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the pivotal role played by arbitration clauses in shaping contractual relationships and resolving conflicts in the realm of commercial law.

On the Principle of Unity of Interpretation of Treaty Norms in International Law

The principle of unity of interpretation is one of the fundamental but at the same time one of the ambiguous principles of interpretation of treaty norms in international law. Deviation from compliance with this principle entails consequences in the form of a different understanding and further application of the norms of international law, which in turn creates the possibility of contradictory decisions by international judicial and quasi-judicial bodies. The importance of legal analysis of this issue is evidenced by the fact that the "arbitrary" interpretation of the norms of international law casts doubt on the effectiveness of the principles and rules of interpretation of treaty norms enshrined in international law. Despite the fact that the rules and basic principles of interpretation are regulated by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, each interpreter can apply them in a peculiar way. The purpose of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the practice of interpreting the norms of international law by international judicial and quasi-judicial bodies, and to determine the reasons for the different approach of interpretation of the same rule of law. This goal can be achieved in 2 ways: by analyzing the legal nature of the principle of unity, and its law enforcement practice. This article does not analyze the observance of the principle of unity in interpretation by arbitration courts, since this is an issue that requires separate research.

Аналогия закона при разрешении жилищных споров

Introduction: despite considerable attention to statutory analogy in juridical literature, many theoretical issues remain controversial, and the courts have no clear and understandable guidelines for applying analogy and justifying its admissibility. If we look at housing legislation, studies on these issues are fragmentary in nature, there are no monographic works, while research articles mainly analyze individual situations in which the courts apply statutory analogy in resolving particular housing disputes, or such articles justify the need to apply analogy. Thus, there are no doctrinal studies on the application of analogy in housing legislation. Although statutory analogy has been applied in a significant number of housing disputes, the conceptual framework for this application has not been developed, which indicates the relevance of the current study. Purpose: to form an understanding of statutory analogy in housing legislation; to develop an approach to distinguishing between statutory analogy and subsidiary application of civil law rules to housing relations; to develop criteria to be used in housing disputes in order to identify similarities and differences in legal relations under judicial consideration and thus decide on the possibility of applying analogy; to substantiate the use of teleological (targeted) interpretation for the detection of contradictions to the essence of housing relations as grounds for refusing to apply analogy; to describe the most difficult practical situations related to the application of statutory analogy in the settlement of housing disputes. Methods: based on the dialectical method, which is basic for legal research, the study explores approaches to the understanding of statutory analogy and criteria for its applicability, evaluates the existing scientific views on the identification of similarities of relations for applying statutory analogy, and analyzes the institute of analogy in unity and interrelation with other legal categories. The study also employs the comparative legal method, the method of alternatives, the structural and functional method, the formal legal method, the historical and legal method, the method of interpretation of legal rules. Results: the paper provides narrow and broad definitions of analogy; justifies the use of the term ‘direct subsidiary application’, which made it possible to substantiate that such application of civil law rules to housing relations cannot be regarded as inter-branch analogy; identifies the similarity criteria for legal relations to be used when applying analogy in the settlement of housing disputes. Conclusions: to apply statutory analogy when resolving housing disputes, the similarity of legal relations should be based on the following criteria: the nature of the subjective right (property/obligation/corporate); the nature of legal relations concerning the residential premises in question (free (commercial) / unfree (social)); residing conditions (gratuitous / non-gratuitous). Contradictions to the essence of housing relations should be identified based on teleological (targeted) interpretation rather than through reference to the nature of the subjective right to housing.

A Review of the Collection of commented Metarules of Pāṇini's Sanskrit Grammar — "Paribhāṣāvṛtti" by Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita

A while after the compilation of the Sanskrit grammar called "Aṣṭādhyāyī" (≈ V century BC) by the ancient Indian linguist Pāṇini, commentators of this treatise began to formulate numerous metarules guiding to the correct interpretation of grammatical rules. The object of our study are these post-Pāṇinian metarules, also known as paribhāṣās. They describe the metalanguage developed by Panini, varieties of technical use of language’s expressive means in the "Aṣṭādhyāyī", they also help resolve contradictions that arise when reading grammatical rules and settle priorities in the execution sequence of grammatical operations. The material of the study are metarules collected and commented on by the Sanskrit grammarian of the XVII century AD Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita in his work "Commentary on paribhāṣās" (Paribhāṣāvṛtti). The purpose of our work is to expose the content of the "Commentary on the paribhāṣās", to classify the metarules collected in this work, to indicate their purpose. The method of the work is a structural and hermeneutical study of the text. For the first time, a detailed analysis of the Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita's "Commentary on the paribhāṣās" and the classification of the metarules collected in this work were carried out. For the first time in Russian-language literature, the content of a large number of post-Pāṇinian metarules of Sanskrit grammar "Aṣṭādhyāyī" is exhibited, as well as biographical data about the grammarian Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita is revealed.

Implementing the human right to science in the context of health-related data processing.

This paper contributes to the exploration of the potential application of duties related to the diligent anticipation of the (imminent) harms and (potential) benefits to humans that scientific innovation engenders to health-related contexts. In particular, it addresses the intersection between the human right to science and health-related data processing, which plays a key role in the production, translation and implementation of biomedical knowledge. The first part of the paper provides a brief recap of the interpretation of the right to science based on Art. 15 (1) (b) of the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (hereafter ICESCR or Covenant) and the resulting obligations for States in the context of health and related data processing. The second part of the paper defines the relevance of the ICESCR for EU Member States and the European Union. In the third part, theses are put forward on how the human right to science and the obligations under Art. 15 (1) (b) ICESCR influence the interpretation and application of the General Data Protection Regulation as secondary EU law. By examining the justifications for using the right to science to interpret EU data protection law and by providing interpretation and application guidance on the main data protection principles in the area of health-related data processing, taking this right into account, the aim is to shape the EU data governance framework to meet the requirements of this human right. In doing so, the paper aims to close the gaps in the interpretation and application of the main rules of EU data protection law. Such standardization in the health-related context can contribute to a coherent interpretation and application of existing rules by referring to this emerging human right. Against this background, the paper identifies governance measures that the EU legislator could take to guide the processing of health-related data in line with the requirements of the right to science.

A Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm Using Elitist Chemical Reaction Optimization and Learning from Knowledge Assimilation for Improving Rule-based Classification Models

There are various paradigms of learning. One such paradigm is learning from knowledge assimilation. In machine learning, such a paradigm may be considered where concepts (classification models) generated from different algorithms applied to the same training data are combined to come up with a single integrated improved concept (classification model). This is different from combining outputs of various models as in Bagging or Boosting. Thus, learning from knowledge assimilation creates different alternative models that work on different parts of the search space. Such models can be separately optimized so that the best-performing model can be selected for the given problem. For optimization there are several algorithms and Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) is a chemistry-based nature-inspired optimization algorithm. In this algorithm, a set of optimization approaches are introduced corresponding to various types of chemical reactions. Classification models in our approach are optimized using a technique called Elitist CRO(ECRO). ECRO is an improvement over CRO, where the optimization approaches are modified making the convergence of the algorithm better than CRO. Although for classification CRO models based on neural networks exist, however, they suffer from interpretability. This paper proposes an application of a new Hybrid Elitist Chemical Reaction Optimization (HECRO) algorithm to generate interpretable classification rules. The proposed algorithm is an extension of CRO and ECRO, in the manner of region exploration of the search space, which is expanded by combining classification rules generated from various algorithms as the initial population following learning from knowledge assimilation. Experimental results with 20 datasets drawn from the UCI Machine Learning data repository show improvement over several performance measures in comparison to the base classifiers used for population generation in HECRO.

Management in the field of decentralized finance based on blockchain technologies

Currently, the benefits of decentralization through blockchain technology in the financial sector are actively discussed, but rarely quantified. This article attempts to examine the potential benefits and limitations of blockchain technology in improving governance and performance in digital financial ecosystems. The possibilities of using blockchain technology from traditional financial structures to the creation of new business models operating on blockchain networks and using smart contracts are shown. The impact of decentralization in the management of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) on the financial performance of companies in the field of decentralized finance (DeFi) was assessed. In the process of research, we use the Gini coefficient as an indicator of inequality among token holders. This metric is analyzed in the context of return on investment (ROI) for DeFi companies. The method of linear regression analysis and the rule of interpretation of natural logarithms in regression were used for calculations. This analysis revealed a significant relationship and positive impact of decentralization on the functioning and profitability of organizations in the DeFi field. The resulting relationship indicates that with increasing decentralization in management, the return on invested capital increases. To improve investment attractiveness and long-term stability, DeFi companies should consider fairer ways to allocate tokens so that decentralized governance models based on blockchain and DAO become more profitable. The results and conclusions obtained from the study are based on academic research articles, open data, industry reports and company reports in the DeFi industry.

Interpretation of Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS-MS) Spectra for Peptide Analysis.

The aim of this chapter is to give a short introduction to peptide analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) and interpretation of fragment mass spectra. Through examples and guidelines, we will demonstrate how to understand and validate search results and how to perform de novo sequencing based on the often very complex fragmentation pattern obtained by tandem mass spectrometry (also referred to as MSMS). The focus will be on simple rules for interpretation of MSMS spectra of tryptic as well as non-tryptic peptides.

Toward Interpretable-AI Policies Using Evolutionary Nonlinear Decision Trees for Discrete-Action Systems.

Black-box artificial intelligence (AI) induction methods such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL) are increasingly being used to find optimal policies for a given control task. Although policies represented using a black-box AI are capable of efficiently executing the underlying control task and achieving optimal closed-loop performance-controlling the agent from the initial time step until the successful termination of an episode, the developed control rules are often complex and neither interpretable nor explainable. In this article, we use a recently proposed nonlinear decision-tree (NLDT) approach to find a hierarchical set of control rules in an attempt to maximize the open-loop performance for approximating and explaining the pretrained black-box DRL (oracle) agent using the labeled state-action dataset. Recent advances in nonlinear optimization approaches using evolutionary computation facilitate finding a hierarchical set of nonlinear control rules as a function of state variables using a computationally fast bilevel optimization procedure at each node of the proposed NLDT. In addition, we propose a reoptimization procedure for enhancing the closed-loop performance of an already derived NLDT. We evaluate our proposed methodologies (open- and closed-loop NLDTs) on different control problems having multiple discrete actions. In all these problems, our proposed approach is able to find relatively simple and interpretable rules involving one to four nonlinear terms per rule, while simultaneously achieving on par closed-loop performance when compared to a trained black-box DRL agent. A postprocessing approach for simplifying the NLDT is also suggested. The obtained results are inspiring as they suggest the replacement of complicated black-box DRL policies involving thousands of parameters (making them noninterpretable) with relatively simple interpretable policies. The results are encouraging and motivating to pursue further applications of proposed approach in solving more complex control tasks.

Impact of a Clinical Decision Support Alert on Informed Consent Documentation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Informed consent is necessary to preserve patient autonomy and shared decision-making, yet compliant consent documentation is suboptimal in the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to increase compliance with bundled consent documentation, which provides consent for a predefined set of common procedures in the neonatal ICU from 0% to 50% over 1 year. We used the Plan-Do-Study-Act model for quality improvement. Interventions included education and performance awareness, delineation of the preferred consenting process, consent form revision, overlay tool creation, and clinical decision support (CDS) alert use within the electronic health record. Monthly audits categorized consent forms as missing, present but noncompliant, or compliant. We analyzed consent compliance on a run chart using standard run chart interpretation rules and obtained feedback on the CDS as a countermeasure. We conducted 564 audits over 37 months. Overall, median consent compliance increased from 0% to 86.6%. Upon initiating the CDS alert, we observed the highest monthly compliance of 93.3%, followed by a decrease to 33.3% with an inadvertent discontinuation of the CDS. Compliance subsequently increased to 73.3% after the restoration of the alert. We created a consultant opt-out selection to address negative feedback associated with CDS. There were no missing consent forms within the last 7 months of monitoring. A multi-faceted approach led to sustained improvement in bundled consent documentation compliance in our neonatal intensive care unit, with the direct contribution of the CDS observed. A CDS intervention directed at the informed consenting process may similarly benefit other ICUs.

THAPE: A Tunable Hybrid Associative Predictive Engine Approach for Enhancing Rule Interpretability in Association Rule Learning for the Retail Sector

THAPE: A Tunable Hybrid Associative Predictive Engine Approach for Enhancing Rule Interpretability in Association Rule Learning for the Retail Sector

The Doctrines of Margin of Appreciation and Evolutive Interpretation: A Review of the European Court of Human Rights

The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom (ECHR) - the focus of this work - in its conceptualisation as a “living instrument” and a bulwark against human rights abuse in Europe, has been construed with different canons of interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights (the Strasbourg Court), including the doctrines of the Margin of Appreciation and the evolutive interpretation. This work aims to review the doctrines of the Margin of Appreciation and Evolutive Interpretation from the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg Court by attempting a foray into the debates emanating from the court’s interpretative jurisprudence. It also interrogates how the ECHR is interpreted in the context of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). The method adopted is doctrinal, with a critical and analytical approach that involves desk and library research. The work relies on primary and secondary materials such as relevant case laws of the Strasbourg Court, legislations, textbooks, journal articles, conference proceedings/papers, online documents, and news to critically evaluate the significance of the doctrines of the Margin of Appreciation and Evolutive Interpretation to the realisation of the objectives of the ECHR. The article investigates how the Strasbourg Court employs the doctrines of the margin of appreciation and evolutive interpretation in achieving the objectives and purpose of the ECHR. The work finds that regardless of their criticism as judge-made doctrines without normative basis, the doctrines of the Margin of Appreciation and Evolutive Interpretation as applied by the Strasbourg Court align with the rules of treaty interpretation as per the VCLT and, thus, remain the best canon of interpretations befitting for the ECHR. This is so considering that interpretation and applications of laws are undertaken in an ever-changing world that requires dynamic laws that could adapt to new situational contexts that are not initially contemplated at the time of treaty negotiations and formations.

시민불복종의 법적 정당화 고찰

The general view is that civil disobedience cannot be ‘legally justified’ because it is ‘an act that violates the law’, and that the disobedient must be willing to accept the legal consequences of his or her disobedience. However, as long as the value of civil disobedience is needed to resolve the partial breakdown of the system that the representative system cannot properly handle, is it impossible to recognize the legal justification beyond acknowledging moral justification for civil disobedience that fully accepts the entire legal order? This paper starts from this question and seeks to explore the possibility of legal justification of civil disobedience in relation to positive law. This is because acknowledging the role of civil disobedience in supplementing the blind spots of the representative system and seeking ways to legalize it to a certain extent is rather a way to expand the realm of the rule of law.
 The concept of legal justification for civil disobedience is being used vaguely, with its specific relationship to positive law unclear. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to confirm the concept of legal justification of civil disobedience in relation to the Constitution and positive laws. This must begin with distinguishing between direct and indirect civil disobedience. That’s because the legal justification of civil disobedience itself or individual acts of disobedience varies depending on whether the target rule violated by civil disobedience is consistent with or inconsistent with the target law or policy that civil disobedience aims to protest.
 Jury nullification in the US jury system is an exceptional system in which a jury acknowledges that the accused is guilty of a crime charged in a criminal trial, but finds him innocent for various reasons. As long as jury nullification, which is an important part of the jury system, is understood as a constitutional issue, the implications of jury nullification on the legal justification of civil disobedience are relevant. The device of jury nullification, which sometimes grants legal immunity to civil disobedience, provides an implication in interpreting the social rule provisions(Article 20) of our criminal law.
 As a result of a large-scale protest against the installation of nuclear missiles in Germany in the 1980s, the German Federal Constitutional Court finally discussed civil disobedience. In particular, in the 1986 decision, some Constitutional Court judges put forward a theory referred to as the constitutional influence of civil disobedience. The majority opinion in the 1995 decision, which followed over time, also presented an interpretation that respond implicitly to the theory presented by the dissenting opinion in 1986. Therefore, we will examine this theory, which provides important implications for the interpretation of the social rule.

Hersch Lauterpacht and language in the international law of treaty interpretation

The contribution addresses a lesser-known chapter in the history of the rules on the interpretation of treaties: the role played by Hersch Lauterpacht as Rapporteur at the Institut de Droit International on the topic of treaty interpretation. The work of the Institut on this topic was situated within the general effort to progressively develop and codify the rules of international law, a movement itself inspired by the idea of codification that unfolded during the nineteenth century mainly in continental Europe. After the Second World War, Lauterpacht initiated the study of the topic of treaty interpretation both at the Institut and at the International Law Commission (ILC). As Rapporteur at the Institut, Lauterpacht provoked a remarkable controversy by proposing to place the emphasis, in the process of interpretation, on the travaux préparatoires rather than on the text of the treaty. Although the 1956 resolution of the Institut did not follow Lauterpacht in this respect, the work of the Institut nevertheless proved to be a catalytic event leading towards the integrative conception of the rules of interpretation which the ILC developed in the 1960s while preparing the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Lauterpacht episode also marked a change of focus with regard to the addressees of the rules of treaty interpretation from intergovernmental interaction towards judicial decision-making.

THE LEGAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE APPLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COMPETITION LAW TO SPORTS RULES

The subject of the author’s interest in this paper is the consideration of the impact of autonomous sports rules on competition in the relevant sports market. The results of the research are primarily based on the principled opinions or attitudes of the European Court of Justice and the General Court, brought forth in the so-called leading cases, in which the scope of the application of the basic provisions on the competition law of the European Union to sports rules is specified. The basic rules of the Community competition law are found in Articles 101 through 109 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Although it is not a formal source of the European Union law, the practice of the European Court of Justice and the General Court is extremely important for the interpretation and application of the aforementioned rules. It acts like a kind of signpost on the way to the application of norms governing the protection of competition on the common market. On the basis of the Stabilization and Association Agreement, the Republic of Serbia undertook the legal obligation to implement community law (acquis communautaire) in the domestic legal system. The legal basis for harmonising the competition law in the Republic of Serbia with the law of the European Union is represented by Articles 72 and 73 of the Law on Confirmation of the Stabilization and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their member states

Liberalisme Dalam Kajian Al-Qur’an (Study Pada Situs www.islamlib.com)

Many Islamic controversies, especially regarding the ideas of the Liberal Islamic Network group, stem from human understanding, not from laws imposed by God. Opportunities like this often occur when religion is in human hands and resources are based on their own views and understanding abilities, therefore the purpose of writing this article is to examine the views of the Liberal Islamic Network (JIL) group towards the Al-Qur'an published through online media on the IslamLib website. Using analytical descriptive methods through a literature review, the author examines the views of the Liberal Islamic Network group regarding Human Rights (HAM), LGBT, Religious Pluralism, then analyzes them based on the Al-Qur'an approach and its rules of interpretation. The results of this research are to find out the meaning of Liberalism in the Al-Quran which is applied through the Liberal Islam website.

Research on the System of Interpretation of the Basic Law of Hong Kong

The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is implemented within the framework of the law rule, which is closely related to the Basic Law interpretation mechanism. It is stipulated in the Basic Law that the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) has the authority of interpretation, and the Standing Committee of the NPC authorizes Hong Kong (HK) courts to have the power of interpretation when trying cases. Under the "One Country, Two Systems" policy, the common law goes on to be adopted in HK according to the Basic Law provisions. Therefore, that Law combines the background of the socialist law mechanism with Chinese features as well as the common law mechanism. The interaction and coordination between the two is an important issue in its implementation. This paper provides an overview of HK Basic Law interpretation system, and provides an overall review of the five interpretations of the National People's Congress Standing Committee since the construction of HK Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). It analyzes differences in legal interpretation rules between the two regions, and explores the connection and coordination between the two interpretation mechanisms of the NPC Standing Committee and HK courts.

Rule extraction based on PROMETHEE-assisted multi-objective genetic algorithm for generating interpretable neural networks

Rule extraction from artificial neural networks (ANNs) refers to the process of identifying the underlying decision-making logic used by the network in its predictions. This involves converting the complex, non-linear relationships between inputs and outputs in the network into a set of interpretable rules. The main objective of rule extraction is to enhance the interpretability of decision-making in artificial neural networks (ANNs) and make it more understandable for human experts, especially in critical domains like healthcare, where clear decision-making is essential. Despite the ability of machine learning methods to interpret ANNs, interpreting complex neural networks remains limited, as most studies tend to sacrifice one criterion, related to rule quality, in favor of another. Rule extraction methods applied directly to complex neural networks may produce overly specific rules that are tailored to the training data. Such rules can suffer from overfitting and may not generalize well to unseen data. Also, The use of multiobjective genetic algorithms for rule extraction can result in a large number of rules, making it challenging for decision-makers to interpret them. This study proposes an innovative approach to address challenges in rule extraction from complex artificial neural networks (ANNs) by integrating a multiobjective genetic algorithm with the PROMETHEE method. By integrating these techniques, the study aims to identify meaningful relationships between inputs and outputs of ANNs, generating concise and reliable rules that are ranked based on support, confidence, and lift values. The use of PROMETHEE's rule ranking mechanism enabled the consideration of rule priority during candidate selection, guiding the genetic algorithm towards discovering high-quality rule sets and efficiently exploring the search space. This approach not only enhances the quality of extracted rules but also facilitates efficient decision-making by striking a balance between rule accuracy, fidelity, and comprehensibility, thus contributing to advancing the understanding of complex neural networks. By equally weighting the criteria (support, confidence, and lift) during the rule ranking mechanism, our approach achieved high coverage rates ranging from 94.88 % to 100 % and generated a manageable number of rules that could be easily interpreted by human experts, ranging from 5 to 10.5. These findings demonstrate the potential of our approach to significantly improve decision-making accuracy and interpretability across various real-world applications, making it a promising tool for applications in healthcare, finance, and other fields.

Interpretable hierarchical belief rule base expert system for complex system modeling

Belief rule base (BRB) expert system has been widely used in complex system modeling. Readability and consistency are the primary characteristics and advantages of BRB. However, these two characteristics may be lost in BRB establishment and optimization. Aiming at this problem, a novel hierarchical BRB (H-BRB) expert system is proposed. To quantify the interpretability of BRB, the definition of interpretability of BRB is proposed from the readability and the consistency. Two strategies are proposed to construct the H-BRB expert system with good readability. A new optimization method is proposed to guarantee the consistency of H-BRB, including a new optimization mechanism, a new objective function with interpretability constraints, and a modified optimization algorithm. With all the above, an H-BRB expert system with good readability and consistency can be established. A case study of the health state assessment of the aerospace relay is implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

An intelligent and interpretable rule-based metaheuristic approach to task scheduling in cloud systems

Metaheuristic algorithms can be very successful in solving scheduling problems. However, these methods can be slow for time-critical applications due to the iterative stochastic processes they perform. This problem becomes even more pronounced in dynamic environments such as cloud systems. This paper proposes an interpretable rule-based solution to minimize this problem. Combining metaheuristic task scheduling solutions and machine learning techniques, this method uses a two-phase mechanism, semi-offline and online. In the semi-offline phase, we first archive metaheuristic solutions to previously randomly generated or encountered task-scheduling problems. The basic idea of the proposed method is to reuse these previously obtained successful metaheuristic solution patterns for future similar problems. Finding similar solution patterns from this extensive archive dataset is done by automatically extracting rule sets through machine learning techniques. These interpretable rule sets are used to identify the type of task scheduling problem encountered in the online phase and to find the optimal solution pattern. The performance of this method, which dramatically reduces execution time and enables the use of metaheuristics in time-critical applications, has been tested and proven for various cloud task-scheduling scenarios.