RR Values Research Articles

Parâmetros fisiológicos e desempenho para ovelhas Santa Inês e cordeiros ½ Dorper - Santa Inês nas estações verão e inverno

<p>Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos e o desempenho de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês e cordeiros ½ Dorper - Santa Inês nas estações verão e inverno. Foram utilizadas 160 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês e 189 cordeiros ½ Dorper - Santa Inês em delineamento inteiramente casualizado distribuídas em dois tratamentos, verão: 80 ovelhas e 92 cordeiros e no inverno: 80 ovelhas e 97 cordeiros. Registrou-se os parâmetros ambientais, temperatura do ar (Ta<sup>o</sup>C), umidade relativa (UR%), velocidade do vento (Vv m.s<sup>-1</sup>) e temperatura do globo negro (Tg<sup>o</sup>C) e parâmetros fisiológicos, temperatura retal (TR<sup>o</sup>C), frequência respiratória (FR mov.min<sup>-1</sup>) e frequência cardíaca (FC bat.min<sup>-1</sup>). A condição corporal das ovelhas foi aferida ao parto. No terço final de gestação verificou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) para TR, FR e FC nas ovelhas, em que no verão os valores foram, respectivamente, 40,63<sup>o</sup>C, 102,58 (mov.min<sup>-1</sup>) e 128,34 (bat.min<sup>-1</sup>) com ICT 46, e no inverno foi de 38,34<sup>o</sup>C, 35,71 (mov.min<sup>-1</sup>), 77,96( bat.min<sup>-1</sup>) com ICT de 14. Os valores de TR, FR e FC ao parto e ao desmame também foram significativas entre as estações verão e inverno. Foram verificadas diferenças (P<0,05) para a TR, FR e FC dos cordeiros ao nascimento e ao desmame entre o verão e inverno. O peso ao nascer (4,51±2,86) e ao desmame (16,91±3,91) foram superiores para os cordeiros nascidos no verão. Durante o verão, ovelhas da raça Santa Inês foram superiores em escore de condição corporal, favorecendo nascimentos de cordeiros mais pesados e consequentemente peso ao desmame superior, com taxa de sobrevivência acima da encontrada no inverno.</p>

The metal–organic framework HKUST-1 as efficient sorbent in a vortex-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction of parabens from environmental waters, cosmetic creams, and human urine

Three metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically HKUST-1, MOF-5, and MIL-53(Al), have been synthetized, characterized, studied and compared in a vortex-assisted dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (VA-D-µ-SPE) procedure in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection (DAD) for determining seven parabens in environmental waters (tap water, swimming pool water, and water coming from a spa pool), human urine (from two volunteers), and cosmetic creams (two commercial brands). Experimental parameters, such as nature and amount of MOF, sample volume, nature of elution solvent and its amount, vortex and centrifugation time, among others, were properly optimized. HKUST-1 was the most adequate MOF to work with. Detection limits for the overall method down to 0.1μgL−1 for butylparaben (BPB) and benzylparaben (BzPB) were obtained, with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.9966 for a range of 0.5–147μgL−1 (depending on the paraben), average relative recoveries (RR, in %) of 80.3% at the low spiked level (7μgL−1), and relative standard deviation (RSD) values below 10% also at the low spiked level. The strength of the affinity between HKUST-1 and parabens was evaluated, and it ranged from 33.5% for isopropylparaben (iPPB) to 77.0% for isobutylparaben (iBPB). When analyzing complex environmental waters, RR values of 78%, inter-day precision values (as RSD) lower than 15%, and intra-day precision values lower than 7.8% were obtained, despite the observed matrix effect. When analyzing cosmetic creams, parabens were detected, with contents ranging from 0.14±0.01μgg−1 for EPB in the healing cream analyzed to 1.12±0.07mgg−1 for MPB in the mask cream analyzed, with precision values (RSD) lower than 12% and RR values from 63.7% for propylparaben (PPB) to 121% for iPPB. When analyzing human urine, no parabens were detected but the method could be performed with RSD values lower than 19%. These results show the adequateness of MOFs as sorbents in VA-D-µ-SPE procedures despite sample complexity.

Effect of nursing interventions on perinatal complications and pregnancy outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus patients: A Meta-analysis

Objective We tried to evaluate the effect of nursing intervention on the perinatal com-plications and pregnancy outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus patients in order to supply reference for clinical nursing. Methods We searched PubMed, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data from January 2010 to July 2014. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nursing interventions plus routine therapy versus sim-ple routine therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus patients. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed and data was extracted and analyzed by using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.2 soft-ware. Results In total, 38 RCTs were included. The quality of the included trials was medium. Meta analysis showed that nursing interventions significantly reduced the incidence of perinatal complications (RR value was 0.30, 0.19, 0.24, 0.28, 0.28, 0.56, 0.33, 0.30, 0.24 and 0.17) , improved pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (RR value was 0.28, 0.29 and 0.22). Conclusions Nursing intervention can ef-fectively reduce the occurrence of perinatal complications and improve pregnancy outcomes for gestational diabetes patients, which has positive effect on assistant of clinical treatment. Key words: Nursing; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Complications; Pregnancy outcomes; Meta-analysis

Distribution profile of stomatal conductance and its interrelations to transpiration rate and water dynamics in young maize laminas under sulfate deprivation

Seven-day-old maize (Zea mays) plants were grown hydroponically for 10 days in S-deprived nutrient solution. The distribution profiles according to the position on the stem of the S-deprived laminas’ stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, dry mass, water content, and specific surface area were monitored relative to control among others. Photochemical efficiency of photosystem II remained unaffected by the deprivation, as well as the specific surface area of all but the embryonic laminas after d2. In S-deficient plants, the embryonic (L0) and the uppermost lamina or the one below it presented mostly significant changes. The response ratios (Rr) of the L0 stomatal conductance oscillated; the oscillation started with an increase at d2. The corresponding Rr values of L0 transpiration and photosynthetic rates started oscillating at d4 in the same fashion. At d8, an increasing gradient appeared in water-content Rr values from L1 to the uppermost lamina. At d10, all but the embryonic laminas presented significantly reduced Rr values in water content. Changes in dry mass and surface area of laminas were synchronized. In control, the transpiration rate expressed per DM unit remained constant during the examined period, while under the deprivation it followed a power function of surface area.

HLA Polymorphism in a Sample of Iraqi Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Patients

The present study aimed to investigate the association between HLA class I (A, B and Cw) and class-II (DR and DQ) antigens and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) in Iraqi Arab patients (45 subjects). Based on their clinical subtypes the patients were divided into two subtypes, which were L1 (17 patients)and L2 (28patients). The patients were admitted to Baghdad Teaching Hospital and National Centre of Haematological Diseases at Al-Mustansiryiah University for diagnosis and treatment during the period May 2004 - October 2005. Control sample (blood donors) of 180 subjects, matched with patients for ethnic background (Arab Muslims) was also included. The total ALL patients showed significant increased frequencies of A2 and B12, and a similar observation was made in L1 and L2 subtypes in addition to CW3 The co-occurrence of two antigens belongs to two HLA loci in the same individual was also inspected 14.8,48.1,12.9,9.3, and then their percentage frequencies were determined. Such determination revealed that there were four allelic combinations, which showed a significant increased frequency in the patients. They were A1-DR7, A2-B12, A9-B12, and CW7-DQ1. The RR values of such deviations were 7.65, 26.93, 13.26, and 18.27, respectively of sample Iraqi patients.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KADAR Pb DALAM DARAH DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA OPERATOR SPBU DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Background: The spread of Pb to humans could cause many negative effects to health such as cardiovasculer system, hypertension and carsinogenic. The change of society pattern from agrarian to industry and life style, community social economic became was one of the things that cause the increasing of un infected prevalence, that was hypertension. The average of hypertension prevalence in Indonesia around 8,3 percent. Low concentrate of Pb inside blood (3-5 g/dl) had cause effect to blood pressure and Pb also took act in hypertension patolgy. The air pollution in Yogyakarta city alraedy reach the normal standar of air quallity. One of the area with high air pollution was Public Refueling Station (SPBU). The operator employee has high risk to conteminate by dangerous chemical substances especially plumbum by gasoline and motor vehicle gas emission that waiting queue refuelingor vehivle that depart after refueling. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of Pb concentrate inside blood with hypertension incident to SPBU operator in Yogyakarta city. Method : This was observational analytic using cross sectional approach with quantitative method. Sample of this study was operator in four SPBU Yogyakarta city amount 25 people. To analyzed Pb concentrate inside blood used spectrophotometry with AAS method, the measuring of blood pressure used mercury sphygmomanometer and respondent characteristic used interview orientation. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. Result : There was significant relationship between Pb concentrate in blood with hypertension incident to SPBU operator Yogyakarta city with signicancy value (p) amount 0,028 p=0,028 < ?=0,05, the risk seen by RR value = 2,619 (95% CI:0,944-7,625) ; so Ho which mention there was no relationship between Pb concentrate inside blood with hypertension incident to SPBU operator rejected. Ha which mention there was relationship between Pb concentrate inside blood with hypertension incident to SPBU operator accepted. Conclusion : Pb concentrate inside blood had significant relationship with hypertension incident to SPBU operator Yogyakarta city. Keywords : Plumbum (Pb), Hypertension, Public Refueling Station operator

Reprint of “Solid bitumen occurrences in the Arruda sub-basin (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal): Petrographic features”

The Middle Jurassic to Cretaceous sedimentary record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) reveals the presence of disseminated solid bitumen. The present work is focused on the petrographic characteristics of solid bitumen identified in the Freixial-1 and Benfeito-1 boreholes (Arruda sub-basin, Lusitanian Basin) that display different thermal maturities. Microscopy techniques (reflected and transmitted white light, incident blue light and SEM) and organic geochemistry analyses (total organic carbon, total sulfur and insoluble residue) were used to study these samples.From the results obtained by optical microscopy (fluorescence and reflectance) it was possible to distinguish three types of solid bitumen. They were labeled as solid bitumen A, present in all the samples, solid bitumen B and solid bitumen C, these ones observed in some of them. They correspond to allochthonous (migrated) bitumens. In blue incident light, some bitumen do not show fluorescence while others reveal fluorescence that range from yellow (solid bitumen B) to dark brown (solid bitumen A). All bitumens are optically isotropic. Bitumen reflectance varies between 0.70 and 2.60% Rr, and the vitrinite reflectance ranges from 1.11 to 1.48% Rr. Based on the % Rr values, the solid bitumen identified in these samples are classified as impsonite (epi- and cata-) or pyrobitumen. No relation can be established with confidence for the reflectance of bitumens with the reflectance of vitrinite.

Effect of the Fixation Temperature Tlow on the Crystallization Behavior and Shape‐Memory Performance of Crystallizable Copolyesterurethanes

SummaryMultiblock copolymers (PDLCL) composed of crystallizable poly(ω‐pentadecalactone) (PPDL) segments forming hard domains and crystallizable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) segments forming switching domains, have been recently introduced as multifunctional shape‐memory material. The shape‐memory properties of PDLCL are related to the crystallization and melting behavior of PCL switching domains, which enable the temporary fixation of an applied deformation via crystallization as well as the recovery of the original shape by melting of the PCL crystals upon heating. In this work, we explored the effect of different fixation temperatures (Tlow = 0, 10, 20 and 25 °C) on the crystallization behavior of PCL domains in compression‐molded films prepared from PDLCL with identical weight contents of PCL and PPDL segments in the starting composition by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that lower Tlows ≤ 10 °C supported the nucleation of PCL domains, while a Tlow ≥ 20 °C facilitated the growth of PCL crystals. Reducing Tlow, on one hand, increased the degree of crystallinity of PCL domains, which resultantly improved the shape fixation ratio (Rf) from 83% at 25 °C to 89% at 0 °C. Furthermore, the onset temperature of the recovery process (Ts) related to the crystalline PCL domains, was shifted from Ts = 29 °C to 14 °C when Tlow decreased from 25 to 0 °C, causing an increase in the width of the shape‐memory transition. In contrast, the shape recovery ratio, with constant high values of Rr ≥ 96% and the almost identical characteristic switching temperature at Tsw ≈ 42 °C, were found to be independent from the applied Tlow. The obtained results confirmed that the shape‐memory performance of multiblock copolymers with crystallizable switching domains can be tailored by altering the fixation temperature during programming.

Effects of catalyst loading amount on the synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) via externally initiated Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation

A series of model polymerization are carried out via the one-pot externally initiated Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation (KCTP) of 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesium thiophene monomers, and the excess amount of initiators or catalysts are found no need to be isolated during the polycondensation process. Especially, the impacts of the nickel catalyst loading variation on regioregularity (rr), yield, molecular weight (M n), polydispersity (PDI) and initiation efficiency of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are systematically investigated. The 1H NMR, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy results indicated that an excess amount of catalyst does not influence yield, rr, M n, and PDI of P3HT, nor the initiation efficiency. However, the PDI of the product is broad, and the M n and rr values decreased in the absence of 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp). It can be concluded that the in-situ KCTP polymerization of P3HT is a practical and effective process. These results are especially valuable for the synthesis of all-conjugated block copolymers where macroinitiators are used.

Methane contents and coal-rank variability in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland

The process of coalification results in changes in both the chemical composition and physical properties of the coal. One of the most important stages in the development of bituminous coal is the so called “second coalification jump” corresponding to medium-volatile coals characterized by a significant decrease of volatile matter from 33% to 20% and the release of methane, carbon dioxide and water. In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), the highest values of methane content (>12–14m3/t coal daf) range from 35–22% (Vdaf) and vitrinite reflectance (Rr) values from 0.84–1.50% range—in approximate accord with values defining the second coalification jump (Vdaf—29%; Rr—1.3%), i.e., coking coals. In the basin, the distribution of the top of high methane zone (4.5m3/t coal daf) is similar to that of the coking coals. That is why increasing methane contents towards the southern- and western parts of the basin can be explained by the increasing proportion of coking coals there. However, on a basin scale, correlations between present methane contents and individual parameters of coal rank are weak due, most likely, to late gas migration due, in turn, to factors unrelated to earlier coalification including, inter alia, tectonic disturbance and hydrodynamic processes.

Composição química e propriedades tecnológicas de duas cultivares de soja

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and technological properties of grains of soybean ( Glycine max ) BRS 284 and BMX Potencia RR cultivars, produzed in Maua da Serra - PR, in the crop years 2011 and 2012. The proximate composition, alimentary fiber, isoflavones and technological properties were determined. Both cultivars showed high content of proteins BRS 284 (33,24%) and BMX Potencia RR (34,74%), lipids BRS 284 (22,54%) and BMX Potencia RR (21,72%) and total fiber BRS 284 (26,64%) and BMX Potencia RR (27,13%), being the bigger fraction constituted of insoluble fiber. Both cultivars showed high value of total isoflavones BRS 284 (591.70 mg.100g -1 ) and BMX Potencia RR (865.36 mg.100g -1 ), due to local cultivation conditions having lower averages temperatures. The BRS 284 and BMX Potencia RR values for cultivars showed swelling volume (VI) of 4.31 mL.g -1 and 4.12 mL.g -1 , water absorption index (IAA) of 2.75 g.g -1 and 2.75 g.g -1 and oil absorption index (IAO) of 2.87 g.g -1 and 2.60 g.g -1 , respectively. The cultivars were different for moisture, lipids, protein, and total isoflavones. Both cultivars display characteristics to be used as raw material for various soybean foods.

PENGARUH KONSUMSI KOPI TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 (Studi Follow up Gangguan Toleransi Glukosa di Depok Jawa Barat Tahun 2001-2008)

EFFECT OF COFFEE CONSUMPTION FOR THE INCIDENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (Follow up Study for Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Depok, West Java 2001-2008) Coffee consumption is known to increase the risk of the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Effect of coffee consumption on the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes has been investigated in 289 cases of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) through prospective cohort studies since 2001 in Depok City, West Java. Coffee drinking habits was collected through measure of caffeine content were consumed. Caffeine content was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) using the method High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Diagnosis of IGT determined based on examination results of fasting blood glucose levels ie lower 126 mg / dL and 2 hours after 75 g glucose load blood glucose levels ie 140-199 mg / dL. Diagnosis of diabetes melitus determined by the basis of the results of clinical examination and results of fasting blood glucose levels, ie ≥ 126 mg / dL and/or results of blood glucose 2 hours after glucose load, ie ≥ 200mg/dl. The follow-up study, to confirm these effects was conducted in 2008. Multinomial logistic multivariate analysis of coffee consumption habits and all variables equally harmful risk of incident type 2 diabetes suggests that coffee consumption with caffein content of 240-359,9 mg caffein had high risk of type 2 diabetes with RR value 3.88 (95% CI 1.20, 8.75), and RR for coffee consumption with caffein content >= 360 mg caffein daily was 5.46 (95% CI 1.57, 11.86). Another factors was contribut to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is high fat consumption with RR 4.64 (95% CI 1.90, 10.28), obesity with RR 4.04 (95% CI 1.31, 8.27 ), and hypertriglyceride with RR 4.99 (95% CI 1.55, 10.19). High fiber consumption, and high physical activity was found to prevent Type 2 diabetes with RR 0.37 (95% CI 0.10, 0.70) and RR 0.42 (95% CI 0.18, 0.68). Keywords : coffee consumption, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A risk assessment model for type 2 diabetes in Chinese.

AimsTo develop a risk assessment model for persons at risk from type 2 diabetes in Chinese.Materials and MethodsThe model was generated from the cross-sectional data of 16246 persons aged from 20 years old and over. C4.5 algorithm and multivariate logistic regression were used for variable selection. Relative risk value combined with expert decision constructed a comprehensive risk assessment for evaluating the individual risk category. The validity of the model was tested by cross validation and a survey performed six years later with some participants.ResultsNine variables were selected as risk variables. A mathematical model was established to calculate the average probability of diabetes in each cluster's group divided by sex and age. A series of criteria combined with relative RR value (2.2) and level of risk variables stratified individuals into four risk groups (non, low, medium and high risk). The overall accuracy reached 90.99% evaluated by cross-validation inside the model population. The incidence of diabetes for each risk group increased from 1.5 (non-risk group) to 28.2(high-risk group) per one thousand persons per year with six years follow-up.DiscussionThe model could determine the individual risk for type 2 diabetes by four risk degrees. This model could be used as a technique tool not only to support screening persons at different risk, but also to evaluate the result of the intervention.

Comparison of bacterial diversity from solar salterns and a simulated laboratory study

Bacterial diversity in solar salterns and a simulated solar saltern under laboratory conditions was studied. The two systems were compared at the pre-salt harvesting phase and salt harvesting phase using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Bacterial composition was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and more specifically with members of Alteromonas, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Tolumonas, Marinobacter, Pseudoalteromonas and novel uncultured bacteria. The Shannon–Weaver index (H), Simpson diversity index (D) and Equitability index (E) values showed that salterns can support a wide range of microbes during the pre-salt harvesting phase (3–4 % salinity) when compared to the salt harvesting phase (21–29 % salinity). Range-weighted richness (Rr) values indicated that solar salterns are habitable only by a limited group of microbes as they have medium richness, indicated by physico-chemical characteristics. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO) of the simulated study showed a variation in diversity at a large scale with increase in salinity. Solar salterns as well as the simulated tank showed more diversity during the pre-salt harvesting phase.

Anti-reabsorptive agents in women with osteoporosis: determining statistical equivalence according to evidence-based methods.

In the present study, we undertook an equivalence analysis on the effectiveness of the main anti-reabsorptive agents indicated for women with osteoporosis. Our methodology was a combination of meta-analysis (both pair-wise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis) and equivalence testing. The end-point was the incidence on new vertebral fractures. The anti-reabsorptive agents examined included alendronate, zoledronate, ibandronate, risedronate, and denosumab. Our analysis involved nine randomized trials. Ten head-to-head indirect comparisons were examined through network meta-analysis and the respective values of RR were estimated. The 95 % confidence intervals for RR remained within the interval of a relative ±40 % variation for all comparisons that involved alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and denosumab. In contrast, the comparisons involving zoledronate satisfied a post hoc margin up to ±67 %. Our results confirm that most of these anti-reabsorptive drugs (namely, alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and denosumab) are equivalent according to reasonable equivalence margins.

Solid bitumen occurrences in the Arruda sub-basin (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal): Petrographic features

The Middle Jurassic to Cretaceous sedimentary record in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) reveals the presence of disseminated solid bitumen. The present work is focused on the petrographic characteristics of solid bitumen identified in the Freixial-1 and Benfeito-1 boreholes (Arruda sub-basin, Lusitanian Basin) that display different thermal maturities. Microscopy techniques (reflected and transmitted white light, incident blue light and SEM) and organic geochemistry analyses (total organic carbon, total sulfur and insoluble residue) were used to study these samples.From the results obtained by optical microscopy (fluorescence and reflectance) it was possible to distinguish three types of solid bitumen. They were labeled as solid bitumen A, present in all the samples, solid bitumen B and solid bitumen C, these ones observed in some of them. They correspond to allochthonous (migrated) bitumens. In blue incident light, some bitumen do not show fluorescence while others reveal fluorescence that range from yellow (solid bitumen B) to dark brown (solid bitumen A). All bitumens are optically isotropic. Bitumen reflectance varies between 0.70 and 2.60% Rr, and the vitrinite reflectance ranges from 1.11 to 1.48% Rr. Based on the % Rr values, the solid bitumen identified in these samples are classified as impsonite (epi- and cata-) or pyrobitumen. No relation can be established with confidence for the reflectance of bitumens with the reflectance of vitrinite.

2 Sympatho-Vagal Balance Derived from Heart Rate Variability During External and Implantable ECG Monitoring May “Reveal” the Underlying Cause of Blackouts

IntroductionBlackouts, or “Transient Loss of Consciousness” (TLOC) can be due to syncope, epilepsy or psychogenic causes. Most patients with TLOC are unable to describe their blackout, and often no witness...

Relationship between sleep time and risk of newly onset diabetes

A total of 101 510 employees of Kailuan Group took part in the health examination from 2006 to 2007.87 540 subjects with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ＜7.0 mmol/L,no history of diabetes,complete FPG and sleep time data,and without using hypoglycemic agents were selected as the observation cohort.Subjects who did not participate in the health examination between 2010 to 2011 and had incomplete examination data were excluded and 60 715 subjects were included for final analysis.According to the basal sleep time,the observation population was divided into three groups:sleep time＜7 h/d group,7-9 h/d group,and≥9 h/d group.The results showed that by the end of the health examination in 2010-2011,the incidences of newly onset diabetes (NOD) in＜7 h/d,7-9 h/d,and ≥9 h/d groups were 5.49％,4.94％,5.61％,respectively in whole population (5.70％,5.32％,6.27％ in male;4.49％,3.74％,3.77％ in female).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that compared with 7-9 h/d group,the risk of NOD was not significantly increased in ＜7 h/d group and ≥9 h/d group after adjusting age,gender,and other risk factors,with the RR value 1.09 and 1.28. Key words: Sleep time ; Diabetes mellitus; Risk

Energy and exergy analysis of an adiabatic water-LiBr absorption system

This paper presents the exergy analysis of a single effect water-LiBr adiabatic absorption facility. A comparison to diabatic (isothermal) absorption systems was carried out, under varying operating parameters in terms of the coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency. The effect of generator, absorption, and evaporator temperatures on these parameters was determined as well as the inclusion of the exergy analysis for individual components. The results obtained allowed for the identification of the parameters that influence the performance of the adiabatic absorption system: where the recirculation ratio RR emerged as an important parameter showing that with increasing RR values the exergy efficiency and coefficient of performance improved and that the irreversibility of absorber and generator was more sensible to RR variations than to other components. Two recirculation configurations were analyzed, and it was verified that there were not significant differences in performance when the presented configuration was modified. The results also showed that the coefficient of performance could be up to 20% higher with adiabatic absorbers than with those systems operating with diabatic absorbers.

The effects of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) inhibitors on all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in hypertensive patients: a review of literature and meta-analysis

data (incidence rates, number of events, mean or median follow-up duration, etc). Since the populations and the outcome parameters were different among studies, random effects model was used to make calculations. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v 2.2 was used to make calculations. Results: Fourteen manuscripts (eight ACEI and six ARB studies) including the data of 99.000 patients were included in the analysis. RR values calculated are summarized in Table 1. As seen ARBs seem to have beneficial effects on the incidence of CV events and HF. Conclusion: It was observed that ARBs significantly reduced the incidences of all CV events including and excluding deaths, and HF. However, the effects of ACEIs on these parameters were not significant. The reason for this differentiation might be class effect favoring ARBs versus ACEIs, or the difference between ARB trials and ACEI trials with regards to details in study designs.