Row Proportions Research Articles

Planting pattern of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in intercropping systems - A review

Since per capita availability of land is shrinking day by day and there is little scope for horizontal growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and thus vertical growth via intercropping can be a viable alternative to reduce the wide gap between the demand and supply of edible oils. Intercropping is an intensive land use system and a profitable venture especially for the small land holders as it fulfills the diversified demands at the farm level itself. Suitable planting pattern for greater light interception and transmission throughout the crop profile is pre-requisite for getting higher productivity. This paper reviews the information regarding role of planting patterns of oilseed rape on various aspects like growth, yield, competitiveness as well as productivity and profitability of intercropping systems. Different oilseed rape cultivars when intercropped with different crops viz., cereals, legumes, fodders or other oilseed crops prove to be more productive and remunerative as compared to their monoculture at different row proportions or spacings, which also varies with locations.

Enhancing the productivity of wheat + mustard intercropping system with different row proportions and nutrient management practices

The effect of row ratios and nutrient management practices in wheat-mustard intercropping system was studiedto optimize row ratio and nutrient management practice. Intercropping system wheat + mustard in 5:1 row proportion with 125% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded significantly higher seed yield, land equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio and net returns.

Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Chickpea and Wild mustard as Influenced by Intercropping in Different Row Proportions

Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Chickpea and Wild mustard as Influenced by Intercropping in Different Row Proportions

A Novel Five-Dimensional Three-Leaf Chaotic Attractor and Its Application in Image Encryption.

This paper presents a novel five-dimensional three-leaf chaotic attractor and its application in image encryption. First, a new five-dimensional three-leaf chaotic system is proposed. Some basic dynamics of the chaotic system were analyzed theoretically and numerically, such as the equilibrium point, dissipative, bifurcation diagram, plane phase diagram, and three-dimensional phase diagram. Simultaneously, an analog circuit was designed to implement the chaotic attractor. The circuit simulation experiment results were consistent with the numerical simulation experiment results. Second, a convolution kernel was used to process the five chaotic sequences, respectively, and the plaintext image matrix was divided according to the row and column proportions. Lastly, each of the divided plaintext images was scrambled with five chaotic sequences that were convolved to obtain the final encrypted image. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrated that the key space of the algorithm was larger than 10150 that had strong key sensitivity. It effectively resisted the attacks of statistical analysis and gray value analysis, and had a good encryption effect on the encryption of digital images.

Assessment of planting pattern and land configuration on productivity of groundnut + sesame intercropping system under rainfed condition

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2010-2015 for five years at Oilseeds Research Station, Jalgaon, to find out the suitable planting pattern and land configuration in groundnut + sesame intercropping system. The experiment was conducted on clay textured soil low in available nitrogen (196 kg ha-1), medium in phosphorus (17.6 kg ha-1) and high in potash (604 kg ha-1) with slightly alkaline in reaction having pH 8.20. The experiment conducted in randomized block design having fourteen treatment combinations replicated thrice. The treatment consists of sole groundnut and sesame at recommended spacing, sole crops with skip row in 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 row proportions, intercropping of groundnut + sesame in 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 row proportions and intercropping of groundnut + sesame in 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 row proportions with skip row after each intercrop combination. The openings of furrow in every skip row were done after 30 days after sowing. Among different intercropping of groundnut + sesame in 4:1 row proportions gave significantly higher groundnut equivalent yield (1986 kg ha-1), land equivalent ratio (1.30), net returns (Rs.54768 ha-1) and B: C ratio 2.54 followed by groundnut + sesame in 3:1 row proportion recorded groundnut equivalent yield (1950 kg ha-1), land equivalent ratio (1.28), net returns (Rs.53560 ha-1) and B: C ratio 2.52. Also the moisture conservation technique of furrow opening shows significant results in intercropping combinations as well as in sole cropping of groundnut and Sesame.

Influence of intercropping systems and sulphur on yield and quality of castor (Ricinus communis L.) in eastern Uttar Pradesh

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 and 2013 at BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to study the growth, yield and quality parameters influenced by different sulphur levels and intercropping systems. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand having pH 7.35, organic carbon (0.37%), available nitrogen (205 kg N/ha), phosphorus (25 kg P2O5 /ha) and potash (216 kg K2O/ha). The treatments consisted of five intercropping systems [castor + mungbean (1:1), castor + mungbean (1:2), castor + mungbean (1:3), castor + mungbean (2:2 paired row) and castor + mungbean (2:3 paired row)] and four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S/ha) were taken in strip plot design with three replications. Intercropping system (castor + mungbean, 1:1 ratio) resulted in taller plants which was at par with castor + mungbean (1:2) ratio. Application of sulphur @ 60 and 40 kg/ha producedstatistically similar plant height, but significantly higher than application of sulphur @ 0 and 20 kg/ha. Dry weight of castor was higher in castor + mungbean (1:1 and 1:2 ratios) than castor + mungbean (2:2 and 2:3 ratios) of castor and mungbean crops. The highest dry matter accumulation was recorded with the application of 60 kg S/ha which was at par with 40 kg S/ha, while dry matter accumulation was lowest with no S application. During the year 2013, significantly higher seed yield (1428 kg/ha), stalk yield (2548 kg/ha) and biological yield (3977 kg/ha) ofmungbean was recorded in castor + mungbean (1:1) intercropping and gradually reduced with increase in row proportion. Similar trend was followed in year 2012. The highest grain, stalk and biological yields of castor and mungbean were recorded with application of 60 kg S/ha (1045, 1740, 2786 and 1364, 2408, 3771 during 2012 and 2013 respectively) which was statistically similar with S40 during both years of study. Higher carbohydrate per cent,protein yield and protein per cent were recorded with castor + mungbean (1:1) which was statistically similar with castor + mungbean (1:2) during both the years of study.

New hominoid fossils from Moroto II, Uganda and their bearing on the taxonomic and adaptive status of Morotopithecus bishopi

The early Miocene site of Moroto II, Uganda has yielded some of the oldest known hominoid fossils. A new partial mandible (UMP MORII 03'551) is notable for its long tooth row and large, narrow M2 with well-developed cristids - a morphological combination previously unknown for large bodied catarrhines of the Early Miocene and suggesting folivory. The tooth proportions are compatible with belonging to the same taxon as the maxilla UMP 62-11, the holotype of Morotopithecus bishopi; likewise, the long tooth row and vertical planum of UMP MORII 03'551 suggest that it may represent the same taxon as mandible(s) UMP 66-01 and UMP 62-10. Canine size strongly suggests UMP MORII 03'551 is a female. Comparisons of the tooth crown morphology and tooth row proportions, relative enamel thickness, enamel-dentine junction morphology, long-period line periodicity, and dental wear patterns support significant morphological, developmental, and inferred dietary differentiation, and therefore generic-level distinctiveness, among Afropithecus, Morotopithecus and the Proconsul clade. An isolated M1 (UMP MORII 03'559) is morphologically dissimilar, and much smaller than the actual or inferred size of molars in UMP MORII 03'551, UMP 66-01 and UMP 62-10, supporting the presence of two hominoid taxa at Moroto II, M. bishopi and a smaller bodied proconsulid. Given the high level of body mass dimorphism inferred for Morotopithecus and other early Miocene catarrhines, the known postcrania from Moroto II could be attributable to either taxon. However, UMP MORII 03'551 and the femora UMP MORII 94'80 derive from the same stratigraphic interval, while the isolated M1 was deposited later, increasing the likelihood that the mandible and femora are from the same individual. These new fossils expand our understanding of the taxonomic and adaptive diversity of early Miocene catarrhines.

Enrichment of Biodiversity, Influence in Microbial Population Dynamics of Soil and Nutrient Utilization in Cereal-Legume Intercropping Systems: A Review

Intercropping system, in general, is growing of two or more crops on the same piece of land simultaneously with a definite row proportions. However, it is very much important to ensure that component crops do not compete with each other for space, natural resources and nutrients. The combination of cereal and legume in intercropping provides a greater scope for minimizing the adverse impact of moisture and nutrient stress in addition to improving system productivity, soil health and ecosystem services. Significant enhancement of system productivity in intercropping can be obtained with enrichment of biodiversity due to cultivation of various crop species and thus encouraging pollinators and microorganisms to harbor in the crop field. Adoption of efficient intercropping system can influence the microbial population dynamics in the soil. Population and activity of N-fixing microorganisms and other beneficial micro flora and fauna are also increased by adoption of cereal-legume intercropping system. Besides, intercropping systems with cereal-legume combination are known to facilitate efficient utilization of nutrients by creating congenial environment. The article emphasizes above and belowground diversity and efficient utilization of nutrients in cereal-legume intercropping system.

Response of Cotton and Soybean Intercropping System to Integrated Nutrient Management

Aims: Field experiment was conducted to study the integrated nutrient management on yield, all yield components and resource use efficiency of cotton and soybean intercropping system.
 Study Design: Randomized complete block design with three replications and twenty treatments.
 Place and Duration of Study: Plot number ‘101’ of ‘D’ block, All India Coordinated Research Project, Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka (India) during June 2016.
 Methodology: As per the treatments, organic manure (FYM) and green leaf manures (gliricidia and pongamia) were applied 15 days before sowing of the crop. Vermicompost was applied on the spot to soil before dibbling of seeds in cotton and soybean intercropping system in 1:2 row proportions, soybean introduced as intercrop in cotton with row spacing of cotton 120 cm and soybean 30 cm.
 Results: Results revealed that all the yield components like number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield and cotton stalk yield in cotton and number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, seed yield and haulm yield were higher under sole crop. Application of 150 and 125% RDF for cotton and soybean intercropping system found higher yield and yield components of cotton and soybean. However, the land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER) and cotton equivalent yield (CEY) were higher in intercropping system than sole crops.
 Conclusion: Application of 125% RDF for both crops was found to be agronomically feasible, economically viable, environment friendly and in sustainable approach. In addition to this it provides insurance against inter-climatic changes.

Productivity and profitability of soybean based millets intercropping systems

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bailhongal, Belagavi district, Karnataka on mixed red and black medium soil during kharif 2016 to study the productivity and profitability of soybean and millets (foxtail millet, finger millet and little millet) under different row proportions. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 10 treatment combinations replicated thrice. Millets were intercropped with soybean at different row proportions (2: 1 and 4: 2) along with sole millets and soybean. Sole soybean recorded significantly higher grain yield (2, 255 kg/ha) over intercropping treatments. Among the intercropping systems, soybean grain yield was higher in 4: 2 row ratio of soybean+foxtail millet (1, 697 kg/ha) followed by 2: 1 row ratio of soybean+foxtail millet (1, 673 kg/ha). Sole foxtail millet recorded significantly higher grain yield (1, 901 kg/ha) than other treatments. Among the intercropping treatments, soybean+foxtail millet in 4: 2 row proportion recorded significantly higher grain yield (1, 429 kg/ha) and it was on par with 2: 1 row ratio of soybean+foxtail millet (1419 kg/ha). Among various intercropping treatments, the highest soybean equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) were recorded in 4: 2 row ratio of soybean+foxtail millet (2, 334 kg/ha, 1.50 respectively). It was on par with 2: 1 row ratio of soybean+foxtail millet (2, 310 kg/ha, 1.49, respectively). While ATER was highest in 4: 2 row ratio of soybean+little millet (1.48) and it was on par with 2: 1 row ratio of row ratio of soybean+little millet (1.46). Significantly higher net returns and B: C ratio were recorded in 4: 2 row ratio of soybean+foxtail millet (Rs. 68, 457/ha and 2.45, respectively) and it was on par with 2: 1 row ratio of soybean+foxtail millet (Rs. 66, 779/ha and 2.40, respectively).

Organic nutrient management in intercropping systems for increasing fodder yield and soil fertility in semi-arid Rajasthan

An experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar during kharif season (2012 and 2013) for improving the productivity and profitability of mixed pasture involving cenchrus grass (Cenchrus setigerus) and dolichos (Dolichus lablab) legume. The nutrient management involving organic sources comprised contr ol, sheep manure (10 t/ha), vermicompost(3 t/ha) and sheep manure (5 t/ha) + vermicompost(1.5 t/ha) were evaluated. The results revealed that green and dry fodder yield, protein content and nutrients increased significantly (P<0.05) under different row proportions of Cenchrus and Dolichos. The maximum green fodder yield of 13.98 t/ha, dry fodder 4.22 t/ha and protein 84.3 kg/ha was recorded in 1: 2 row ratio of Cenchrus and Dolichos. There was 23.52% increase in organic carbon content under 1: 2 row ratio in comparison to initial soil status. Nitrogen (9.18 and 15.48%), phosphorus (21.05 and 34.30%) and potassium (4.53 and 7.06%) increased maximum in 1: 2 row ratio than 1: 1 and 2: 1 row ratios. The net returns (Rs. 21606/ha) and benefit: cost (2.29: 1.00) were the highest in 1: 2 row ratios. The application of sheep manure (5 t/ha) + vermicompost (1.5 t/ha) produced maximum green fodder (12.68 t/ha), dry fodder (4.43 t/ha) and protein (87.6 kg/ha). The organic carbon content enhanced by 38.23% with the application of both organic manures in their half doses compared to initial soil status and nitrogen (44%), phosphorus (39.7%) potassium (27.37%) also increased significantly (P<0.05) with the use of sheep manure (5 t/ha) + vermicompost (1.5 t/ha). Application of sheep manure (5 t/ha) + vermi-compost (1.5 t/ha) resulted in maximum net return of (Rs 23881/ha)

Effect of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.)-based intercropping systems on yield and economics under rainfed condition

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2010-11 to 2012-13 at Nana Kandhasar, Surendranagar, Gujarat to study the yield, economics and post harvest soil nutrient status of groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L ) - based intercropping systems under rainfed condition. Results of experiment indicated that intercropping of groundnut and sesame in the row proportion of 1:1 recorded significantly higher groundnut pod equivalent yield (1106 kg/ha), land equivalent ratio (1.18 ), net returns (Rs 30691/ha ) as well as B:C ratio (1.82 ) over other planting pattern. Further, the data revealed that the highest nutrient use productivity (27.88 kg/ha/kg) was recorded under sole groundnut, while maximum available N (220.2 kg/ha) and K (310.4 kg/ha) was recorded with groundnut + greengram (1:1) and highest available P (29.2 kg/ha) with sole mothbean. Thus, groundnut + sesame (1:1) is a biologically and economically sustainable intercropping system for rainfed conditions of Gujarat.

Effect of planting pattern and sowing dates of maize in maize with field pea intercropping system

A field experiment was conducted to study the optimum row proportion, optimum sowing time of maize and economics of maize with field pea intercropping system. It was laid out in RCBD with three replications during kharif 2015 at farmer's field in Lokur, village Dharwad district of Karnataka. There were nine treatments consisting of two planting patterns i. e. sowing of maize within and between the rows of maize in field pea with four dates of sowing for maize. Among the intercroppings significantly higher grain yield (4459 kg/ha), stover yield (6481 kg/ha), cob weight (251.83 g) and cob length (19.49 cm) were recorded when simultaneous sowing of maize with field pea. Green pod yield (1592 kg/ha), number of pods per plant (20.13) and number of seeds per pod (9.70) were higher when maize sown between rows three weeks after sowing of field pea. Higher net returns (Rs. 47636/ha), B: C ratio (2.36), LER (1.23) and MEY (5896 kg/ha) were recorded when maize was sown between the rows two weeks after sowing of field pea.

Performance of safflower and linseed intercropping system with different row proportions under rainfed conditions

Field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, Raichur, Karnataka during rabi season of 2015-16 to study the yield performance and economics of safflower and linseed intercropping system with different row proportions. The results revealed that, among various intercropping systems safflower + linseed in 1:2 row proportion recorded significantly higher safflower equivalent yield of 1686 kg/ha followed by safflower + linseed in 1:1 row proportion 1450 kg/ha. The land equivalent ratio was significantly highest in safflower + linseed in 1:2 row proportion (1.20) followed by safflower + linseed in 2:1 row proportion (1.03). Higher net return was recorded in safflower + linseed in 1:2 row proportion (` 23,212/ha) followed by sole linseed (` 19,376/ha) and sole safflower (` 18,979/ha). However, higher B: C was recorded in safflower + linseed (1:2) row proportion (2.22).

Enhancing productivity of groundnut based intercropping systems under rainfed conditions of Gujarat

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2011-12 at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to study the production potential and economics of groundnut based intercropping systems under rainfed conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments comprising of six intercrops viz., pearl millet, black gram, soybean, cotton, castor and pigeon pea with groundnut in the replacement series of 2:1 row proportion and their sole crops replicated thrice. The productivity in terms of groundnut pod equivalent yield was significantly higher with groundnut + pigeon pea followed by groundnut + castor and groundnut + cotton than sole groundnut and other intercropping systems. The biological efficiency in terms of LER, LEC, ATER and CPR were also significantly recorded maximum values and indicated a modest aggressivity and CR and gave a good value for the product of RCC with groundnut + pigeon pea followed by groundnut + castor and groundnut + cotton. The economics of the systems also indicates that groundnut + pigeon pea was most profitable system in terms of gross return, net return, MAI, B: C ratio and MER followed by groundnut + castor and groundnut + cotton

Production potential of castor (Ricinus communis L.) intercropping with soybean (Glycine max L.) under irrigated conditions

A field experiment was conducted consecutively for three years during rainy seasons of 2010-11 to 2012-13 at the Main Oilseeds Research station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh on intercropping castor in soybean with an objective to find out suitable intercropping ratio for achieving higher productivity and profitability. The experiment was conducted on mediumclay soil under irrigated conditions. It consisted of eight treatments including sole castor, sole soybean, combinations of intercropping of castor (cv. GCH 7) with soybean (cv. Gujarat soy. 1) in row proportion 1:1 and 1:2 with sowing period of castor 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing of soybean. The results revealed that sowing of castor at 30 days after sowing of soybean in 1:2 ratio recorded significantly higher castor equivalent yield (2806 kg/ha) and land equivalent ratio (LER: 1.72) besides higher net returns (Rs. 69289/ha) and B:C ratio (2.86).

Impact of intercropping of canola oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) with Indian rape (Brassica rapa var. toria) on productivity, economics and competitive indices

In the absence of additional land available for cultivation of oilseeds, the widening gap between demand and availability of edible oils in India vis-à-vis increasing dependence on import of vegetable oils can be bridged through improvement in productivity per unit area and time. The present investigation was conducted during rabi 2014-15 to study the compatibility, production potential and optimum row proportion of component crops and economics of intercropping systems of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) and Indian rape (Brassica rapa var. toria). The experiment comprising 14 treatments was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments comprised intercropping ofIndian rape with oilseed rape (canola and non canola) and Ethiopian mustard in different row proportions and row spacings and sole crops. Crops were sown simultaneously inmid September and harvested at different times. Canola/non canola oilseed rape based ICS resulted in higher oilseed rape equivalent seed yields (1806-1958 kg/ha for canola and 2272 kg/ha for non canola), gross income (` 64645-68194/ha for canola and ` 79212/ha for non canola) and net returns (` 37527-38126/ha for canola and ` 49144/ha for non canola) than sole crops (1630 kg, ` 60135 and ` 34625 per ha, respectively for canola and 1849 kg, ` 70188 and ` 44678 per ha, respectively for non canola). Yields, gross and net returns, B:C ratio, monetaryadvantage index, land equivalent ratio and area time equivalent ratio ofintercropping of non canola oilseed rape (2272 kg/ha, ` 79212/ha, ` 49144/ha, 1.63, ` 13990/ha, 1.40 and 1.10, respectively) with Indian rape were higher than that from canola oilseed rape based ICS (1806-1958 kg/ha, ` 64645-68194/ha, ` 37527-38126, 1.26-1.38, ` 5379-8709/ha, 1.17-1.29 and 0.97-1.02, respectively). On the other hand, sole crop of Ethiopian mustard (30 cm row spacing) produced higher equivalent seed yield (2245 kg/ha) and resulted in higher gross income (` 79376/ha), net returns (` 52660/ha) and B:C (1.97) than its intercropping with Indian rape (2176-2216kg/ha, ` 77339-77760/ha, ` 50220-50642/ha and 1.85-1.87, respectively). Non-canola oilseed rape was more compatible with Indian rape than canola oilseed rape and Ethiopian mustard.

A STAGGERED MAIZE–LEGUME INTERCROP ARRANGEMENT INFLUENCES YIELD, WEED SMOTHERING AND NUTRIENT BALANCE IN THE EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION OF INDIA

SUMMARYThe effects of sole and intercropping of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated with soybean (Glycine max L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) on crop yield, weed smothering efficiency (WSE) and nutrient (NPK) balance at Eastern Himalayan Region (EHR), India. Grain yield of maize was highest (3886 to 4110 kg ha−1) in the solitary system followed by maize-soybean intercrops at 1:2 rows. However, system productivity as well as production efficiency was higher by 47.3-63.3% and 39.5-58.4%, respectively in intercropping with groundnut at 1:5 rows compared to solitary maize. WSE was relatively higher to solitary soybean and was comparable to maize-groundnut intercropping at 1:5 row proportions. Similarly, NPK uptake was higher in intercropping of maize-soybean systems at 1:5 row proportions. Inclusion of legumes as intercrops in predominantly solitary rainfed maize may improve the system productivity while sustaining the nutrient availability in the vast uplands of the EHR and other similar rainfed hilly ecosystems.

Effect of Intercropping in Nipped Castor (Ricinus communisL.) Under Rainfed Conditions

A field experiment was conducted at Dryland Agricultural Project, U.A.S., Bengaluru during the rainy seasons from 2009–10 to 2014–15 to study the performance of different intercrops in nipped castor (Ricinus communis L.) under Alfisols in rainfed conditions. Intercropping castor with finger millet in 1: 2 row proportion recorded significantly higher castor equivalent yield (1753 kg/ha) compared to rest of intercropping systems and sole castor (1214 kg/ha). Intercropping efficiency indices viz., land equivalent ratio (LER) (1.27) and area time equivalent ratio (ATER) (0.95) were maximum with castor + finger millet (1: 2) followed by castor + field bean (1: 1) intercropping system. The highest net returns per ha accrued (34615/ha) and B: C ratio (2.84) was recorded with castor + finger millet (1: 2) intercropping, while the lowest was with castor + grain amaranth. The sustainable yield index (0.36) and rain water use efficiency (5.45 kg/ha-mm) were highest with castor + finger millet intercropping in 1: 2 row proportions.

Resource-use maximisation through legume intercropping with maize in the eastern Himalayan region of India

Intercropping provides opportunity to harness available resources. Thus, maize intercropped with soybean or peanut (groundnut) was tested with 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 5 row proportions along with sole plantings of each crop to measure resource capture and resource-use efficiency. Results revealed that sole peanut had 60% higher maize-equivalent yield and 55% better production efficiency, followed by the 1 : 5 row proportion of maize–peanut, over sole maize. Intercropping increased land-use efficiency by 17–53% and land-equivalent coefficient by 0.21–0.56. The relative crowding coefficient was 39% higher with 1 : 2 maize–soybean, whereas the monetary advantage index was the highest (US$107) with the 1 : 5 maize–peanut. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) uptakes by maize were 42.9% and 38.2%, respectively, higher with 1 : 5 maize–soybean, whereas phosphorus (P) uptake was 64% higher with 1 : 5 maize–peanut. However, the least amounts of N, P and K were mined overall with 1 : 5 of maize–soybean. Soil moisture content was improved by 24% and solar radiation interception by 37.8% with soybean alone over maize alone, and these parameters increased with higher row proportions of soybean. The energy parameters also improved with the 1 : 5 row proportions of maize–soybean or peanut intercropping. This study provides a basis for efficient resource use by maize–soybean (or peanut) intercropping system.