Row Houses Research Articles

취락지구가 연립주택 가격에 미치는 영향

In this study, the effect of settlement district on the price and price increase rate of the row houses in Jeju-do was analyzed.
 In the price determinants of row houses, the larger the area of exclusive use space and the higher the living floor, the higher the price, and the lower the price over time. The total floor area of the row house complex and the number of parking spaces per household have a positive effect on the price, and the larger the remaining building-to-land ratio, the lower the price. The price of row houses in Seogwipo-si is higher than that of Jeju-si, the price of row houses in the settlement district is higher than that of non-settlement district, and there is a price difference depending on the adjacent road.
 In the price increase determinants of row houses, the area of exclusive use space did not affect the price increase, and the longer the construction is completed, the larger the total floor area, and the higher the number of parking per household, the higher the price increase rate. There was no difference between Jeju-si and Seogwipo-si in terms of price increase determinants, and row houses in the settlement district had a higher price increase rate than non-settlement district, and adjacent road did not affect the price increase rate.
 Through the results of this study, it is necessary to review the reflection of the price magnification for the settlement district when calculating individual land prices and development charges. In addition, row house consumers need to check whether it is a settlement district.

제주도 연립주택 가격 결정요인에 관한 연구

In this study, the current status of houses in Jeju-do was examined, and the determinants of row house prices were analyzed using actual transaction price data of row houses traded from 2019 to 2022.
 To summarize the analysis results focusing on Jeju-do, the price of small sized row house is higher than that of large sized. The higher the number of floors, the higher the price, and the higher the land area, the higher the price. Over time, prices have been shown to fall and then rise. The gross floor area, the number of parking per household, and the remaining building to land ratio have a positive effect on the price, and the larger the width of the road facing the land, the higher the price. By region, prices are high in the order of Eup·Myeon area of Seogwipo-si, Dong area of Jeju-si, Eup·Myeon area of Jeju-si and Dong area of Seogwipo-si, and by special-purpose area, residential area, green area, and control area are in the order. The higher the distance between elementary schools and the market, the higher the price, and the lower the distance between middle schools and government offices. One of the purposes of this study, the further away the row housing complex from the apartment complex, the lower the price.
 In addition, in the empirical analysis that divided Jeju-do into four regions, it was confirmed that even the same variable could show different analysis results depending on the region.

VLAS: Vacant Land Assessment System for Urban Renewal and Greenspace Planning in Legacy Cities

Vacant land in shrinking cities has long been associated with high crime rates and economic decline. While some efforts have been made to repurpose vacant land for tax revenue generation and temporary environmental restoration, a comprehensive framework for city-scale assessment and reprogramming remains lacking. To address this gap, our study introduced the Vacant Land Assessment System (VLAS), a multi-scale spatial analysis and planning tool that assesses the distribution and characteristics of vacant lots using publicly available spatial data. Taking Hartford, Connecticut as a case study, we assessed and categorized the characteristics of vacant lots into four typologies: Row House, Street Corner, Commercial/Industrial, and Main Street. Responding reuse programs for those typologies were generated and one design example of vacant lot greening was also provided based on identified sustainable goals and techniques. The VLAS serves as an effective planning support tool, enabling efficient assessment, classification, and planning for urban vacancy management across city, district, neighborhood, and site scales. This multi-scale planning and design approach to repurpose vacant lots with diverse physical characteristics offers valuable insights for transforming vacant land in other shrinking legacy cities for sustainability and neighborhood revitalization.

Making post-war urban neighbourhoods healthier: involving residents’ perspectives in selecting locations for health promoting urban redesign interventions

ABSTRACT Post-war urban neighbourhoods in industrialised countries have been shown to negatively affect the lifestyles of their residents due to their design. This study aims at developing an empirical procedure to select locations to be redesigned and the determinants of health at stake in these locations, with involvement of residents’ perspectives as core issue. We addressed a post-war neighbourhood in the city of Groningen, the Netherlands. We collected data from three perspectives: spatial analyses by urban designers, interviews with experts in local health and social care (n = 11) and online questionnaires filled in by residents (n = 99). These data provided input for the selection of locations to be redesigned by a multidisciplinary team (n = 16). The procedure yielded the following types of locations (and determinants): An area adjacent to a central shopping mall (social interaction, traffic safety, physical activity), a park (experiencing green, physical activity, social safety, social interaction) and a block of low-rise row houses around a public square (social safety, social interaction, traffic safety). We developed an empirical procedure for the selection of locations and determinants to be addressed, with addressing residents’ perspectives. This procedure is potentially applicable to similar neighbourhoods internationally.

제주도 가구의 공동주택 주거 선호요인 분석

This study analyzed the factors of housing preference for multi-family housing for Jeju Island, where various types of housing coexist, and analyzed the factors of housing preference for each type of housing.
 The analysis results are summarized as follows. In the analysis of all respondents, it was found that the most important factor in the preference factor for multi-family housing was future capital gains. Second place is accessibility to convenience facilities (market), third place is access to cultural leisure facilities, fourth is sales price, and fifth place is access to public transportation. On the other hand, multi-household house, row house, and small size house were found to be low factors.
 By the type of housing lived, apartment residents were found to be the same as the analysis results of all respondents, and row house and multi-household house residents were found in order of access to cultural leisure facilities, access to convenience facilities (market), access to public transportation, privacy protection and security, and sale price. Residents of detached house were found to have access to cultural leisure facilities, future capital gains, access to convenience facilities (market), sale price, and parking convenience.

On a Writing & Walking Field Trip with Seven High School Boys Exploring Langston Hughes Sites in Washington, D.C.

The city teaches us todaywith brick row houses andfront stoops, bicyclists,the squeal of car brakes.Hurried drivers watch uswaiting on a sidewalk,writing on his front steps.Bikes hiss by, their spokessparkle against a grey sky.My students gazeat Langston’s windows,wondering what poem beganhere, what poem ended here,what poem was tossed away.One moment, they are a riotof laughter, shining withsilly, colliding with each other.The next, they searchthe sky for wounds.I watch them sitting on Hughes’ stoop;these are serious boys,writing words they mean,seeking words that will be truein America.I wonder about these boys.Where do they begin?Where do they end?Will America toss them away?What loneliness or lovewill carry them?

Terrible People

Terrible People Thomas Heise (bio) The house on Chauncey Street in Brooklyn's historically Black neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant is the nicest place I have ever lived. Perhaps that isn't saying much, but it is. I grew up in near-poverty in a scrubby neighborhood of unpainted cinderblock houses and trailers in Florida, so merely living in New York City has always seemed to me like a luxury. I moved to the city in 1999 for graduate school, and after hopscotching around eight different apartments—most of them crummy in that special way New York living can be both crummy and too expensive at the same time—I signed the lease on the place on Chauncey, a stately, turn-of-the-century, Renaissance Revival limestone row house. Designed by the architect William Debus, it had ornate cast-iron curlicues around the entrance, a chandelier in the formal dining area with pocket doors, and an airy living room wrapped with wainscotting and a high coffered ceiling that made me feel like I was in a library. Jodi, my girlfriend at the time, and I occupied the first floor; the second was rented to two sisters, both also white and in their late twenties or early thirties, neither of whom I saw much. One was creating an app for the iPhone, and the other worked as a bartender and gave cello lessons, a mix of the tech, service, and so-called gig economies that employed many newcomers to the neighborhood. Drowning under a half-million-dollar albatross of student-loan debt, Jodi was finishing her residency in veterinary medicine; I was teaching at a university. We were all part of the great white influx, the hipster diaspora, from overpriced neighborhoods like Williamsburg, Fort Greene, or Gowanus (where I was coming from), or other parts of the city. We were fleeing rising rents and, in the process, we were making Bed-Stuy unaffordable for people who'd lived there for years, some for their entire lives. With upwards of nine thousand houses built before 1900, Bed-Stuy has one of the most extensive collections of Victorian architecture in America. The houses designed by Debus are among the most coveted. A few years before we moved to Bed-Stuy, the real-estate mogul Barbara Corcoran, famous as one of the angel investors on Shark Tank, purchased a Debus townhouse for a little under $1.5 million—a total bargain now. It was around the corner on Stuyvesant Avenue, "the nicest block" in [End Page 79] the neighborhood according to Brian Platzer in his 2017 novel Bed-Stuy Is Burning, but for my money ($2,800 a month), I preferred Chauncey for its unobstructed light. Our south-facing apartment was directly across from Fulton Park with its hundred-year-old sycamores, just seedlings when the foundations for the houses on the street were laid. Sunlight flooded through the bedroom's stained-glass windows, casting ephemeral roses on the parquet floor that would evaporate by noon. I'd watch them disappear as I sat at my writing desk. My relationship with Jodi, meanwhile, was brittle. Ever since the night I had told her in the middle of the street that I loved her and she looked me in the eyes and said, "I care about you," but couldn't bring herself to say anything more, I knew it was over. Yet, like with so much else in New York, I looked the other way, part of me breaking inside, and kept going as though nothing had happened. When I opened our bedroom windows and peered out through the bars, there were always a couple of stoic cops standing guard at the stairs to the subway station. High school kids (mostly Black and brown) bouncing around in their high-tops. Commuters (mostly white) holding their shoulder bags in one hand, coffee in the other. Old-timers playing cards. Occasionally someone out of his mind on K2 or something else screaming at the sky. And a police car parked on Fulton's cobblestones like it owned the place, its blue eyes spinning in circles. Another day in the life of New York's most rapidly gentrifying neighborhood...

주택유형별 가격변화 간의 파급효과 분석

This study analyzed the interrelationship and lead-lag relationship between price changes by housing type with the TVP-VARX model and Wavelet Phase Difference. As a result of the empirical analysis, the price of all housing types has a strong tendency to decrease after 2020 due to rising interest rates. The interrelationship between price changes by housing type is time-varying, and the impact of increase in apartment price on the price of detached and row houses increases over time. On the other hand, the impact of increase in detached house prices on prices of other housing types increases and then decreases sharply after August 2020. The impact of increase in row house price on prices of other types of housing generally remains constant, but temporarily increases around August 2020. At this time, in the interrelationship between prices by housing type, the impact of increase in apartment price on the price of other housing types is the largest on average. Next, it is confirmed that the impact of increase in the price of detached and row houses has a large impact on other housing types. The lead-lag relationship between price changes by housing type, which is detached → row → apartment, clearly has made after 2019. However, the interrelationship, influence, and lead-lag relationship between price changes by housing type by region are different. Accordingly, this study suggests that it is necessary to discriminately select housing types and policies to be supplied for price stabilization in the housing market according to the time and region.

노후 근린생활권 정원 활동이 지역 주민의 삶의 만족과 커뮤니티에 미치는 영향 연구 – 경기도 안산시 고잔1동 연립주택단지를 대상으로 –

Citizens’ needs for urban green spaces are on the rise due to improved quality of life and increased interest in environments. The garden is noteworthy because it is small in size, making it less controversial to create in the city, and it is adjacent to the residential area, improving citizens’ daily environment. Moreover, recently gardens is attracting attention as a tool for urban regeneration, such as being created in declining areas as part of a government project. Therefore, it is time to study the role and value of urban gardens in deteriorated areas in terms of space welfare. However, there are few studies that quantitatively evaluate the effects of gardens, and many prior studies are limited to focusing the green space larger than a certain size (e.g., parks and forests). Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of garden and gardening quantitatively, paying attention to social aspects such as life satisfaction and community of inhabitants. The study was conducted in an old row housing complex in Gojan1-dong, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do. In there, some of the dwellers voluntarily created outdoor gardens and engaged in gardening for a long time. In addition, after the 2017 Gyeonggi-do Garden Fair, several gardens have been maintained and used by residents there. For the first step, the field trip was done to research the status of the garden in the area, and then, a survey was conducted on whether or not gardening has an impact on the life satisfaction and community of residents. The results were analyzed by <italic>t</italic>-test and ANOVA. As a result, residents who are engaged in gardening are more active in the "neighborhood exchange" and "resident participation" than those who are not engaged in gardening. In addition, if residents voluntarily create a garden, the level of "satisfaction of life" is higher than those staying in the garden which is constructed by the government. And a resident who is gardening in the complex shows higher life satisfaction than those who garden outside of the complex. These results confirmed that the garden has positive effects promoting "exchanges with neighbors", "participation in the community", and "life satisfaction" of residents. It shows that it is important to ensure the right of residents to participate in the garden-making process as much as possible, and the garden’s location should be paid attention to maximize the positive effect of gardens.

Prospects for Introducing Medium-Density Row Housing in Jeddah City

Architectural researchers ensure that residential buildings in any area are appropriately planned for the landscape and meet the needs of current and future residents. Row houses are well known in residential sectors of the United States and many European countries, but the data on row housing in Saudi Arabia is very limited. As residential structures, row houses are reasonably priced and architecturally resilient. They also fill the affordable housing gap for middle-class residents – sometimes called the “missing middle” – in major urban centers such as Jeddah. Like other cities of its size, Jeddah has been slow to adopt medium-density residential structures. This research evaluates the Jeddah community’s likelihood of accepting row housing, surveying a cross-section of residents seeking housing options other than the apartments currently available. Our questionnaire investigated variables such as gender, age group awareness, house size, architectural functional features, preferable cost, and other considerations. The data and resulting analysis concluded that more than 90% of the respondents would prefer row houses to current options as their primary housing choice.

Lantai Panggung untuk Efisiensi Energi pada Rumah Deret di Tropis Lembap

The application of stilt floors in row houses can increase the flow of wind under the pit. This study uses the literature review method to map research on the performance of stilt floors, study energy efficiency in row houses, and study the research gap that connects stilt floors, row houses, and energy efficiency. Materials for research are papers from the last ten years. To analyze research gaps using VOSViewer software, while analyzing research variables that have been used by researchers using Atlas.ti software. The results of the study indicate that more measurable research on building performance is still needed regarding the application of stilt floors to help energy efficiency. Energy efficiency in row houses is difficult to obtain due to limited land and the arrangement of row houses.

학자금대출이 주거 행동에 미치는 영향 분석

This study examines how student loans affect housing behaviors of millennials. Using the 2014-2020 Youth Panel data provided by the Korea Employment Information Service, regression analysis reveals that the experience of student loans and the loan amount itself do not have significant effects on independence from parents, but loan repayment burden and delay seem to have negative effects on independence from parents. As the amount of student loans increases, millennials tend to choose cheonsei and monthly rent, instead of homeownership when they leave from their parents. This trend was more pronounced when experiencing the burden of loan repayment. Also, as the amount of student loans increases, millennials tend to choose row houses, villas, and multi-family homes, instead of single family housing or apartment. This trend was more evident when experiencing the burden of repaying loans. In conclusion, it was found that millennials have difficulties in leaving from their parents and achieving homeownership when experiencing the financial burden for student loans. This study presents policy implications for the housing issue of millennials.

Early-life residential exposure to moisture damage is associated with persistent wheezing in a Finnish birth cohort.

Moisture damage increases the risk for respiratory disorders in childhood. Our aim was to determine whether early age residential exposure to inspector-observed moisture damage or mold is associated with different wheezing phenotypes later in childhood. Building inspections were performed by civil engineers, in a standardized manner, in the children's homes-mostly single family and row houses (N=344)-in the first year of life. The children were followed up with repeated questionnaires until the age of 6 years and wheezing phenotypes-never/infrequent, transient, intermediate, late onset, and persistent-were defined using latent class analyses. The multinomial logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis. A total of 63% (n=218) had infrequent or no wheeze, 23% (n=80) had transient and 9.6% (n=21) had a persistent wheeze. Due to the low prevalence, results for intermediate (3.8%, n=13) and late-onset wheeze (3.5%, n=12) were not further evaluated. Most consistent associations were observed with the persistent wheeze phenotype with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) 2.04 (0.67-6.18) for minor moisture damage with or without mold spots (present in 23.8% of homes) and 3.68 (1.04-13.05) for major damage or any moisture damage with visible mold in a child's main living areas (present in 13.4% of homes). Early-age moisture damage or mold in the kitchen was associated with transient wheezing. At an early age, residential exposure to moisture damage or mold, can be dose-dependently associated especially with persistent wheezing phenotype later in childhood.

Mais espaço, por favor: adaptações espaciais (reformas) e o impacto na habitabilidade de Habitações Sociais

Abstract Social House (SH) residents usually make spatial adaptations. With no technical guidance, these modifications often compromise building performance. This article investigates the dynamics of modifications made to low-income houses and their consequences for habitability conditions. The data were obtained through on-site spatial mapping and a semi-structured interview. The study found modifications that expand the built area and a tendency to occupy the total area of the lot. The type of expansion with the greatest impact on the environmental quality of a house was predominant in the row houses (89.2%). The need for more space is confirmed by houses that have grown more than 30.0% up to over 70.0%. The study also identified a large number of removed windows, and expansions that confined rooms. Besides thermal discomfort, many rooms bear signs of unhealthiness, such as mold, lack of ventilation and sunlight, which have a negative impact on residents’ health. Extreme cases were found (G=12.1%), in which the access gate to the house is the only way of contact with the outside. Spatial adaptations in SH are recurrent and cannot be disregarded as they significantly compromise the health conditions in the houses under study.

Preserving Neighborhoods: How Urban Policy and Community Strategy Shape Baltimore and Brooklyn by Aaron Passell

Reviewed by: Preserving Neighborhoods: How Urban Policy and Community Strategy Shape Baltimore and Brooklyn by Aaron Passell Kevin P. Block (bio) Aaron Passell Preserving Neighborhoods: How Urban Policy and Community Strategy Shape Baltimore and Brooklyn New York: Columbia University Press, 2021 272 pages, 2 black-and-white photographs, 19 figures ISBN: 9780231194075, $35 PB ISBN: 9780231194068, $120 HC ISBN: 9780231550635, $29.99 EB In cities across the United States, vernacular structures of all kinds—from row houses and churches to vacant factories and schools— exist within urban landscapes of opportunity and decline. Often the preservation of these structures for study, rehabilitation, or adaptive reuse depends upon the protections and financial incentives associated with historic district designation. For this reason alone, the relationship between historic districts and neighborhood change should interest readers of Buildings & Landscapes, whether or not they are professional preservationists. In Preserving Neighborhoods, author Aaron Passell compares the effects of historic district designations in Baltimore and Brooklyn, which he views as the polar ends of a contemporary urban growth spectrum. Baltimore is a legacy city in which preservationists and commercial developers have created historic districts to access rehabilitation tax credits and revitalize neighborhoods such as Canton and Locust Point. Brooklyn, in contrast, is now a global city in which members of volunteer community organizations utilize historic district protections and review procedures to fortify their neighborhoods from the adverse effects of intense speculative development and what urban historians now categorize as “super-gentrification.”1 Writing as a sociologist rather than a preservationist, Passell is careful to describe the basic mechanics and implications of historic districting, which should make his analysis accessible to a wide variety of readers, including students in urban studies, architectural and cultural landscape studies, public history, and planning courses. Understanding what exactly constitutes Passell’s sociological framework, however, might be difficult for some readers, although he briefly attempts to address this framework in the book’s introduction. From Harvey Molotch, for example, Passell assumes that the city is fundamentally a “growth machine,” controlled by members of a land-based elite who are interested in maximizing the exchange value of their property, with government authorities serving to coordinate their interests.2 He also follows a lineage of urban sociologists who are interested in the neighborhood as a metonym for all those contextual factors beyond the family that reproduce differences in life outcomes. To define a neighborhood and control its development with a preservation planning tool such as a historic district is thus one way to perpetuate or disrupt the enduring effects that are correlated with a given place.3 Pas-sell’s sociological analysis of historic districts is a welcome addition to the field because— while there are already assessments of historic districts from the perspective of public history and the history of preservation, as well as several in-depth historical accounts of the gentrification–preservation nexus in particular cities (including Brooklyn)—few authors have possessed both the quantitative and ethnographic skills necessary to create a compelling model of the historic districting process as a whole.4 Following a “kaleidoscopic approach” that combines extensive statistical analysis with qualitative interviews, Passell develops his comparison over four chapters that alternate between Baltimore and Brooklyn (212). He highlights the book’s major conclusion in his introduction: Contra the preservation skeptics, the author has found no evidence of a direct relationship between historic district designation and gentrification. “What preservation does,” he writes, “depends substantially on where it is doing it and the particular history and contemporary conditions of that place” (1). Passell characterizes this claim as “radically contingent” (2), with variability depending upon “the age of the city, its demographic composition (and racial history), its redevelopment history, the strength (or weakness) of the real estate market, and who is involved in the preservation process, among other things” (8). For the philosophically adventurous, one might also characterize his account as nominalist. Although municipalities often copy the same preservation legislation verbatim and adopt similar rationales for historical significance, historic districts do different things in different places and thus “the historic district,” in a universalist sense, does not exist, only the social process of historic districting in all its manifold particularity. This insistence upon, or...

Climate impacts of wood/ timber as a building material – investigated on three urban quarters in Germany (CIW)

Due to the current discussion about the shortage of resources and the excess of greenhouse gas emissions, timber construction is experiencing a renaissance in Germany. As a renewable resource, wood can replace emission-intensive building materials and, if left long-term in the construction, lead to negative balances, i.e. carbon sinks at the construction phase (LCA phase A1-A3). This means that more carbon could be stored in the construction than is emitted during production. This study analyses different buildings ranging from row houses to high-rise buildings that are envisioned as envisioned as envisioned as envisioned as envisioned as timber construction of three so called timber-quarters (Holzbauquartiere). For all buildings, the current design/ construction, a conventional as well as a timber+ construction (maximum possible timber use in construction) variant have been evaluated. The calculations were conducted with eLCA the LCA tool of the Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiges Bauen (BNB) (German Green Building System) and the data sets of the German ÖKOBAUDAT[11]. The results are given per m2 gross floor area per user, per building and per neighbourhood. The investigations show the importance of the material choice regarding the climate gas emissions of the buildings and how large the proportion of wood must be in order to design the building envelope (KG 300 (cost group for architectural elements) in a climate gas neutral way. Planning parameters for a climate gas neutral design and construction of buildings are derived from the analysis.

Shanghai Ladies and Lilong Housing: The Feminine Scene Permeating Urban Shanghai

In the Shanghai of the early twentieth century, rapid population growth and the consequent high density meant that, in much of the city, everyday life was condensed into a small and compact box-shaped row house. These houses were arranged along lanes which were also communities, called lilong. Shanghai’s lilong seem haunted by images of Shanghai ladies. This paper aims to explore the social ecology of the lilong by studying its spatial aspects and asking to what extent they influence and are influenced by the radical and creative character of Shanghai ladies, whether “New Women” or “Modern Girls.” Shanghai ladies’ modern femininity, which was architecturally, socially and historically conditioned, seems to have given them a particular attitude with which to approach the physical world, and which in turn pervaded the atmosphere and identity of the city as a whole.

Re-analysis of socio-acoustic survey data in Tomakomai: Seasonal effects of a tree belt on road traffic noise annoyance

Several socio-acoustic surveys targeting residents living in row houses and apartments in Europe have shown that greenery reduces noise annoyance. In this study, socio-acoustic surveys were conducted every three months from August 2003 to May 2004 to investigate the seasonal effects of a tree belt on road traffic noise annoyance in Tomakomai, Japan. The survey area was a residential space along an arterial road and was divided into three sites. Site A directly faced the tree belt on the north side of the road, and Sites B and C directly faced the road on the north and south side of the road, respectively. Respondents aged 20–75 years who lived in detached houses directly facing the tree belt or the road were randomly selected from the registered voters’ list on the basis of one person per family. The numbers of respondents in summer, autumn, winter, and spring were 274, 250, 226, and 225, respectively. A multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the annoyance and satisfaction with the residential area. The differences in noise annoyance responses were not significant from one site to the other. In contrast, respondents at Site A were significantly more satisfied with the residential area, and those at Site C were insignificantly less satisfied than those at Site B. The latter result was not conclusive due to insignificance. The findings were not consistent with the hypothesis that a green belt significantly reduces annoyance. The main reason was that while European houses had rooms facing quiet courtyards, Japanese detached houses had no quiet spaces. Therefore, without any quiet spaces in the small, detached houses in Japan, the green belt outside the houses did not reduce noise annoyance.

Bloomsbury in Winter—2020

Bloomsbury in Winter—2020

The Impact of Housing Densification on Shading Potential of Open Spaces: A Case Study

This study discusses housing densification as a sustainable housing strategy. Furthermore, it investigates how housing densification can improve the shading performance of open spaces with respect to row-house typology. The analysis considers a real-time case study of linear courtyards enclosed by row houses. Urban analysis was followed by a numerical shading analysis to examine the impact of housing attachment method (aligned or stepped) on courtyard shading potential. Row houses were found to be an acceptable housing densification solution in Saudi Arabia, with well-integrated open spaces. The stepped-attached housing pattern showed a higher potential for urban shading (by ~55% with an east–west orientation of row houses) than that of the aligned–attached pattern. In addition, the stepped-attached housing pattern improved the visual quality and created a serial visual effect. This study recommends the promotion of compact housing patterns in Saudi Arabia to reduce the rapidly increasing domestic electrical-energy demand and improve urban shading. Housing densification is considered as an effective passive design and planning strategy for this purpose.