Routine Health Checks Research Articles

The Establishment of National Standards for Health Checks In China and a Comparison with American EHE Standards

Background: Different institutes utilize different test standards for routine health checks in China. It is necessary and urgent to establish unified standards for health checks to conserve medical resources and reduce the social burden in China. The purpose of this study is to determine standards of health items and evaluate the advantage and disadvantage by comparing with the American executive health exam (EHE) standards. Methods: We collected health check items used in 60 top hospitals within mainland China. We excluded items that occurred in less than 80%. We compared the selected items with those used in the American EHE standards. Results: China’s health check included physical examination, non-infectious disease screening, malignancy screening, laboratory screening, and imaging examinations. China’s health checks included more items than those used in the American EHE standards. Conclusion: Our findings showed that China’s health check protocols could be simplified, except for the items currently used in the basic physical examination and malignancy screening.

Comparative Health Status of Women of Childbearing Age in Urban and Non-urban Communities in Malaysia

Background Women’s health and access to healthcare can be affected by diverse factors such as affluence, cultural norms and availability of healthcare resources. In this study, we compared health status parameters among women of childbearing age from different ethnic groups living in urban and non-urban communities in Malaysia. Methods Women under the age of 45-years in urban and non-urban areas of Malaysia were invited to participate in this study. In total, 1500 women were approached, and of these 1435 agreed to participate and met our inclusion criteria. Information about personal healthcare, communication with healthcare practitioners, sources of health information, health concerns, weight management, as well as socio-demographic characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire which was adapted from the Women’s Health National Survey 2016 of Australia. Results Women of Indian descent made up a higher proportion of respondents in non-urban areas. Women in non-urban areas were less likely to have a higher-level education and belonged to households with a lower annual income. Non-urban respondents were also more likely to be married and to have more children. Women from non-urban locations were less likely to be overweight or exhibit sedentary behaviors. Women from non-urban sites were more interested in improving their health status, more likely to attend routine health checks, and less likely to use dietary supplements. Conclusion Women from non-urban areas exhibit healthier behaviours than their urban counterparts and have a lower prevalence of obesity. This is despite poorer access to healthcare provision in rural communities.

Upaya Peningkatan Perilaku Sadar Periodontal Sehat pada Ibu Hamil di Desa Paddinging, Kecamatan Sanrobone, Kabupaten Takalar

Oral health of pregnant women affects the condition of the baby they contain. If pregnant women suffer from periodontal infection, they are at risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight and experiencing premature. We see that the knowledge of pregnant women and those who are currently in the pregnancy program is still very lacking regarding how to maintain and care for dental and oral health. This is a problem in Paddinging Village, so it is important to hold counseling. This service was carried out at the Paddinging Village sub-district office, Takalar sub-district. The method of dedication is by Lectures/counseling, Discussions and questions and answers. As a result of the dedication, we got enthusiastic patients and active respondents in asking questions so that they are committed to always maintaining the cleanliness of their oral cavity, and have routine dental and oral health checks.

A Molecular Basis Approach of Eczema and Its Link to Depression and Related Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A Review.

"What about my eczema do I love the most? The hurt? A scratch? The humiliation of the public? Oh, there are so many options available!" Studies have shown an association between atopic eczema (AE), a common inflammatory skin condition, and an increased risk of mental health problems. Despite this, experts are still examining the causes of the links between common mental diseases (such as depression and anxiety) and skin conditions. We collected studies that were published in the past 10 years. We searched the following databases: PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Further relevant research was assessed by examining the bibliographies of eligible studies and related ones.Two reviewers looked at the titles and abstracts of the studies to see if they were eligible, and then they read the full texts. We went through eczema and depression relationships, their etiopathogenesis, molecular basis, immune response, the role of genetic factors, and possible interactions between neurons and the immune system. Another possible contributing factor could be a change in cutaneous microbiota in eczema patients. Part of the initial connection could be explained by psychological stress, which further leads to depression in eczema patients. Healthcare professionals treating eczema patients must be aware of the comorbidity of mental problems and the potential that people with poor mental health may need social or emotional support. Patients with eczema, especially youngsters, can benefit from routine health checks since they can help identify neuropsychiatric issues like depression early and lessen the burden of both physical sickness and poor mental health. Given that AE is a condition that appears to be related to depression and anxiety, more research with larger samples is needed to determine a potential role for targeted mental health screening in people with AE, as well as the possibility of mental health modification through improved AE control (e.g., using new biologic agents).

CERDIK Behavior in Elderly with Hypertension During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The increasing number of elderly people cannot be separated from health problems. The elderly will experience decreased bodily functions due to physical, psychosocial, cultural, and spiritual changes. Hypertension is a state of abnormally high blood pressure, namely systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg which is measured at least on three different occasions. Hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease (PTM) that can gradually reduce the patient's immune system and is very susceptible to infection, one of which is infection with the COVID-19 virus. Hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research is quantitative with a non-hypothetical survey descriptive research design. The population in this study was 20 people with hypertension who live in Sukamakmur Ajung Village, Jember City Regency, using an accidental sample technique. This research tool uses digital tension measurement and CERDIK behavior questions that have been tested for validity (0.635-0.784) and reliability (0.817). The results showed that most had an average age of 64 years, 16 respondents were female, eight did not finish elementary school, and ten respondents worked as laborers. Classification of hypertension stage 1 as many as eight respondents. CERDIK behavior includes: Routine health checks for the majority of 12 respondents, Eliminating cigarette smoke by 14 respondents, Good physical activity by 13 respondents, Good healthy eating patterns by 19 respondents, Good rest by 18 respondents, Good stress management as many as 13 respondents. There needs to be support and monitoring from health workers so that CERDIK behavior can become a culture in treating elderly hypertension.

Chest radiograph prevalence of vertebral deformity among young and middle-aged population of mixed city dwellers and rural residents.

To interpret the importance of minimal and mild vertebral deformities (VDs) among elderly subjects, we need to know their prevalence among mostly non-osteoporotic subjects. We retrospectively analyzed VDs among 408 female and 374 male patients who had lateral chest radiographs due to mild illness or for routine healthcheck, all with indications other than spine disorders or metabolic disorders. The study subjects were divided into four age groups, i.e., ≤20, 20-34, 35-44, and ≥45 years. For those aged >20 years, 27.2% females had family roots from farming communities, and 26.4% males had the history of being a farmer or physical laborer (this was 36.1% for males aged ≥45 years). Fracture shaped vertebral deformities (FSVDs) were VDs radiographically indistinguishable from vertebral fracture. Acquired short vertebrae were those with decreased vertebral anterior and middle heights, while without anterior wedging or bi-concave changes, and the diagnosis required at least two adjacent short vertebrae in the same subject. Congenital VDs were observed in four cases (three males, one female). In the age group of ≤20, 20-34, 35-44, and ≥45 years, females had any FSVD prevalence of 13.4%, 8.3%, 11.8%, 25.8% respectively, while the prevalence was 29.3%, 26%, 34.3%, 44.8% respectively for males. From the female ≤20 years group to the 21-34 years group, cases involved multiple vertebrae decreased from 53.8% to 16.7%. For cases ≤34 years, no female case had ≥ mild FSVD (which was defined to have ≥20% vertebral height loss), while five male cases had ≥ mild FSVD. For the 35-44 years group, vertebral endplate depression was noted among 2.0% of the females and 2.9% of the males. Among the cases aged ≤44 years, there was only one male and one female had acquired short vertebrae. For the male cases, acquired short vertebrae prevalence was 15.6% in the group of ≥45 years. FSVD is common among young and middle-aged population (≤44 years) assumed with normal bone strength, and with a higher FSVD prevalence among men. FSVD may heal among younger subjects, and physical labor may increase VD prevalence.

Coronary artery disease in women.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death in women but remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Health professionals play an important role in improving the heart health of Australian women. Routine heart health checks should be offered to all women 45 years of age and older and to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women 30 years of age and older. Cardiovascular risk assessment in women must include traditional and sex-specific risk factors, including their pregnancy history and early-onset menopause. Women with pregnancy-related hypertensive and metabolic disorders have an increased long-term cardiovascular risk and require close monitoring. Women with acute coronary syndrome may not experience classical chest pain. More often, they experience cardiovascular events in the absence of obstructive coronary disease and have poorer cardiovascular outcomes. The recognition of sex-specific differences and more sex-specific trials are key to improving clinical outcomes.

HYGIENE SANITATION AND FOOD SAFETY IN EMPLOYEE RESTAURANTS

Restaurants is a food processing place that produces and sells various types of food and beverages for the wider community. With the development of restaurants, it is necessary to make food and beverage health efforts with the aim that people's ability to manage can be increased so that people avoid health problems or food poisoning. One of the efforts that can be done is to check the feasibility of the restaurant's hygiene and sanitation. The purpose of this study was for this examination to determine hygiene and sanitation in employee restaurants from 4 factors, employee, equipment, food, and place. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by evaluating employee restaurants in the mess area of industrial forest plantation companies by filling out a restaurant sanitation hygiene inspection form issued by the Directorate of Environmental Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2017, informant from owner and canteen employee. The results show that the restaurant building is semi-permanent. Workers do not have uniforms and do not carry out routine health checks. Food storage cabinet equipment is not available properly for foodstuffs that require closed storage and room temperature. Clean water sources and hand washing facilities and toilets are well available. The food preparation provides a varied menu but the calories are not calculated for the nutritional value. It is recommended for companies and restaurant managers to manage menu calculations that are sufficient in calories and nutrition for employees, provide safer food storage places, and employees are also advised to use uniforms and health checks to keep food from contamination so that consumers can receive healthy food that is also safe for consumption.

Analysis of the Implementation of the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Participants of BPJS at the Rejosari Health Center Pekanbaru City

Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) is a health program that aims to prevent chronic disease complications from BPJS Health, this program can facilitate routine health checks for people with chronic diseases. The chronic diseases that Prolanis focuses on are Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. Based on data from the Pekanbaru City Health Office in 2020, it is known that the Rejosari Health Center has the highest number of Diabetes Mellitus patient visits in the city of Pekanbaru as many as 1,757 patients. This study aims to determine how the implementation of the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) in Diabetes Mellitus Patients participating in BPJS Health at the Rejosari Health Center Pekanbaru City in 2022. The type of research carried out was qualitative with a phenomenological design. The data collection method was carried out by observation and in-depth interviews with 6 informants, namely the head of the puskesmas, the person in charge of the program, the implementing officer, and 3 prolanis participants with diabetes mellitus. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of prolanis at the Rejosari Health Center has not been effective because there are still many obstacles and obstacles that exist in the Rejosari Health Center. It can be concluded that the implementation of prolanis is still not optimal, due to the shortage of prolanis officers and the overlapping of tasks in the puskesmas making several prolanis activities constrained, only 3 out of 5 prolanis activities are carried out at the Rejosari health center in Pekanbaru city. It is recommended to the Rejosari Health Center to add officers for the implementation of prolanis so that all prolanis activities can be carried out.

Natural history of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN): a rare case of ICPN whose natural history was closely followed by ultrasound

The natural history of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN), especially the speed of growth from small benign to a carcinomatous lesion, is quite unrevealed. Here, we report an extremely rare case of ICPN, in which the papillary lesion was observed transforming from small and benign to malignant using abdominal ultrasound (AUS) over 2 years during routine health checks. A 44-year-old man underwent a routine health check-up. The initial AUS showed a small sessile polyp in the gallbladder, which enlarged slightly at the next AUS, a year later. In the third year, the polypoid lesion enlarged markedly, with a maximum diameter of 10 × 9 × 7 mm. Therefore, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Microscopically, the 10 mm tumor had intracytoplasmic mucus, and a clear cytoplasm compatible with gastric-type features. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive staining of atypical cells for MUC6 and PAS. These findings led to the diagnosis of ICPN with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the gastric type. In conclusion, sessile polyps with rapid growth might be a crucial finding in the early stage of ICPN.

Determinants of Feeding Patterns with Stunting in Children in the Coastal Area of Bengkulu City

BACKGROUND: The age of 0–2 years is a golden period for human growth and development known as the “golden age,” characterized by rapid growth. This period is the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). The proper diet greatly affects the nutritional status of children. AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine child feeding patterns with the incidence of stunting in children in the Coastal area of Bengkulu City. METHODS: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was children under five aged 6–24 months in the coastal area of Bengkulu City as many as 75 children were selected using the accidental sampling technique. Children’s nutritional intake using the Semi Food Frequency questionnaire for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus. Nutritional intake data were processed by nutrisurvey. Data analysis with Chi-square test and the level of significant 0.05. RESULTS: The frequency of food consumed by children 6–24 months in the form of mashed food 2 times a day was 54.2%, soft food 3 times a day was 54.5%, and family food 3 times a day was 82.5%. The percentage of children with energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake below the recommendation was much higher in normal children (in sequence 84.6%, 81.8%, 84.9%, and 86.3%) compare to stunted children (in sequence 15.4%, 18.2%, 15.1%, and 13.7%). Likewise, calcium, fe, zinc, and phosphor intake below the recommendation was much higher in normal children (in sequence 82%, 85.5%, 80.6%, and 82.1%) compare to stunted children (in sequence 18%, 14.5%, 19.4%, and 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between the type of food, macronutrient and micronutrient intake with stunting. Education and counseling at Integrated Healthcare Center need to be carried out, regarding the importance of consuming the proper food and the proper frequency of eating, surveys of nutritional consumption and routine health checks for pregnant women and children under five.

PREVALENCE OF BURNOUT SYMPTOMS IN NURSES HOSPITAL ASSIGNED TO COVID-19 ISOLATION ROOMS

Background: Burnout is a health problem that may happen to nurses and may impact patient safety and organization in any situations, especially during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of burnout among nurses in charge of isolation rooms and its relationship to their demographics factor. Methods: This research design is descriptive-analytic quantitative and cross-sectional. It involved 124 nurses assigned to isolation rooms for COVID-19 patients admitted to the first referral hospital in Bali. Data were collected using a questionnaire adopted from the Maslach Burnout Inventory to identify burnout symptoms. Demographic questionnaire was administered to garner respondents' demographics. Results: High category of burnout was related to emotional exhaustion found in 66.1% of the respondents, depersonalization in 33.1%, and reduced personal accomplishment in 0.8%. Age, marital status, education, and gender were not related to burnout. Nurses who worked in non-ICU experienced higher burnout than ICU (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout symptoms in the nurses who were in charge in COVID-19 isolation rooms is in the high category. Hospital management must consider demographic factors to improve the work environment, recruit new employees, conduct routine health checks, and provide mental health treatments consistently.

Как лечили в женских институтах Российской империи: XVIII – начало XIX в.

Results This study looks at inception and development of medical departments in girls’ schools of the Russian Empire during the second half of the 18th and beginning of 19th century, the first of which was founded in 1764. Materials and methods. The problems of the article, based on a wide range of sources, both archival and published, studied using the principles of objectivity and historicism, still remain unexplored. Results. Empress Catherine II and her associates’ ideas, based on innovative principles in the physical education of children, which were being developed by European Enlightenment thinkers of the 18th century, had to be implemented in a practical way in both boys’ and girls’ state-established schools of the Russian Empire. With emphasis on preventive healthcare, the organization of necessary medical procedure in a boarding school with 200–300 pupils was an uncharted territory. Discussion. Gradual establishment of medical matters throughout the early period of history of girls’ schools progressed tracing general development in medical science and practice. The experience of scientific organization of medical assistance was systematically gained in privileged state-run schools: initial examination of new students, routine health checks, universal smallpox vaccinations, organization of strict quarantine in the instance of infectious disease outbreak, establishment of modern infirmaries with relevant equipment, development of diagnostics, medicine preparation in own pharmacies, referrals to various specialists.

Implementation System of Health Care Kiosk for Detecting Cholesterol Disease, Uric Acid, Obesity and Hypoxia

The development of technological advances in the health sector in the last decades has grown very rapidly. Currently, most people do not receive routine medical check-ups because of the long lines of patients and the expensive rates they must pay to see a specialist doctor. This causes many people to ignore the importance of routine health checks as recommended by the National Health Agency. The purpose of this research is to make a device that can perform routine checks independently at home, using an Arduino microcontroller for checking cholesterol, uric acid, obesity, and hypoxia. This tool has several sensors, namely Ultrasonic & Load Cell sensors to measure weight and height, which are used to detect obesity through the BMI table. In addition, there is a Pulse and Oxygen in Blood Sensor (SPO2) sensor to detect heart rate and oxygen saturation to detect hypoxia using the fuzzy logic method. Cholesterol and uric acid examination using the Electrode Based biosensor method with a digital detection device (amperometric biosensor). Testing the Tsukamoto fuzzy logic method system obtained a data accuracy value of 100%, following the rules set for classifying hypoxic diseases. The trial phase was carried out as many as 10 trials, where 90% of patients did not experience hypoxia, and 10% had mild hypoxia. The results of testing the BMI table method system for obesity obtained a data accuracy value of 100% according to the calculation of the BMI calculator. In phase 10 trials, 30% of patients were lean, 50% obese, and 20% obese. The system test results use a range of values, each with a data accuracy value of 100% according to the classification of cholesterol and uric acid levels. Ten trials showed that 70% of patients were in normal condition, 20% of patients with low cholesterol, and 10% of patients were in high limits. As for gout, 70% of patients are in normal condition, and 30% of patients are in high uric acid condition.

Impact of applying a diabetes risk score in primary care on change in physical activity: a pragmatic cluster randomised trial

AimThere is little evidence of the impact of diabetes risk scores on individual diabetes risk factors, motivation for behaviour changes and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying a noninvasive diabetes risk score in primary care as component of routine health checks on physical activity and secondary outcomes.MethodsCluster randomised trial, in which primary care physicians (PCPs), randomised (1:1) by minimisation, enrolled participants with statutory health insurance without known diabetes, ≥ 35 years of age with a body mass index ≥ 27.0 kg/m2. The German Diabetes Risk Score was applied as add-on to the standard routine health check, conducted in the controls. Primary outcome was the difference in participants’ physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included body mass index, perceived health, anxiety, depression, and motivation for lifestyle change. Analysis was by intention-to-treat principle using mixed models.Results36 PCPs were randomised; remaining 30 PCPs (intervention: n = 16; control: n = 14) recruited 315 participants (intervention: n = 153; controls: n = 162). A slight increase in physical activity was observed in the intervention group with an adjusted mean change of 388 (95% confidence interval: − 235; 1011) metabolic equivalents minutes per week. There were no relevant changes in secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThe application of a noninvasive diabetes risk score alone is not effective in promoting physical activity in primary care.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03234322, registration date: July 31, 2017).

Massively parallel sequencing uncovered disease-associated variant spectra of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, phenylketonuria and galactosemia in Vietnamese pregnant women.

BackgroundSeveral inherited metabolic diseases are underreported in Vietnam, namely glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd), phenylketonuria (PKU) and galactosemia (GAL). Whilst massively parallel sequencing (MPS) allows researchers to screen several loci simultaneously for pathogenic variants, no screening programme uses MPS to uncover the variant spectra of these diseases in the Vietnamese population.MethodsPregnant women (mean age of 32) from across Vietnam attending routine prenatal health checks agreed to participate and had their blood drawn. MPS was used to detect variants in their G6PD, PAH and GALT genes.ResultsOf 3259 women screened across Vietnam, 450 (13.8%) carried disease‐associated variants for G6PD, PAH and GALT. The prevalence of carriers was 8.9% (291 of 3259) in G6PD and 4.6% (152 of 3259) in PKU, whilst GAL was low at 0.2% (7 of 3259). Two GALT variants, c.593 T > C and c.1034C > A, have rarely been reported.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for routine carrier screening, where women give blood whilst receiving routine prenatal care, in Vietnam. The use of MPS is suitable for screening multiple variants, allowing for identifying rare pathogenic variants. The data from our study will inform policymakers in constructing cost‐effective genetic metabolic carrier screening programmes.

Low-cost Physiological Parameter Development using Internet of Things Based for Monitoring Health Elderly

BACKGROUND: In today’s digital era, the development of technology and information is so fast not only in the world of medicine and medical equipment but also in the model of health services so that many e-services are found, such as Alodokter and Halodoc. As well Internet of Things (IoT)-based technology IoT makes the method that can be used for remote services easy to reach and low cost, this is very significant in helping home care services in the elderly. AIM: The goal of this research is to develop the design of telehealthcare based on IoT, especially the vital signs of monitoring for the early detection of diseases in the elderly through health-care services. METHODS: This type of research is experimental with the design of equipment design using IoT based with parameters of a biomedical temperature sensor, heart rate, and SpO2 sensor for monitoring health elderly integrated into smartphone applications through programming Arduino ESP 32 microcontroller as a transmitter. RESULTS: The results of this study consist of two stages, including first determining the accuracy value of biomedical sensor data results by measuring the error factor, namely, for beats per minute sensor, data have a deviation error of 1.6 and SpO2 deviation error of 0.25 and temperature deviation error of 0.16 with a confidence level of 0.05% and second comparing parameter values to standard values using t-test tests with p > 0.05 results means that there is no significant difference between parameter values and standard values. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be concluded that the physiological parameters, such as spo2, bpm and body temperature can be used for health monitoring in the elderly, and it is hoped that the results of this research design can be used for early detection of the elderly for routine health checks using a smartphone application.

Associating school doctor interventions with the benefit of the health check: an observational study.

BackgroundThe benefits of school doctor interventions conducted at routine general health checks remain insufficiently studied. This study explored the associations of school doctor interventions with the doctor-evaluated and parent-evaluated benefits of routine health checks.MethodsBetween August 2017 and August 2018, we recruited a random sample of 1341 children from grades 1 and 5 from 21 Finnish elementary schools in 4 municipalities. Doctors routinely examined all children, who were accompanied by parents. The doctor-reported interventions were categorised into six groups: instructions and/or significant discussions, prescriptions, laboratory tests and/or medical imaging, scheduling of follow-up appointments, referrals to other professionals and referrals to specialised care. Doctors evaluated the benefit of the appointment using predetermined criteria, and parents provided their subjective perceptions of benefit. Interventions and reported benefit were compared using multilevel logistic regression.ResultsDoctors reported 52% and parents 87% of the appointments with interventions beneficial. All interventions were independently associated with doctor-evaluated benefit (ORs: 1.91–17.26). Receiving any intervention during the appointment was associated with parent-evaluated benefit (OR: 3.25, 95% CI 2.22 to 4.75). In analyses of different interventions, instructions and/or significant discussions (OR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.44), prescriptions (OR: 7.44, 95% CI 2.32 to 23.91) and laboratory tests and/or medical imaging (OR: 3.38, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.55) were associated with parent-evaluated benefit. Scheduled follow-up appointments and referrals to other professionals showed no significant association with parent-evaluated benefit.ConclusionsDoctors and parents valued the appointments with interventions. Parents especially appreciated immediate help and testing from the doctor.Trial registration numberNCT03178331.

Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sanitasi terhadap Keberadaan Reservoar di Kelurahan Tandang

Abstrak: Knowledge-based behavior generally lasts a long time. Knowledge is the result of knowing that occurs through sensory processes, especially the eyes and ears on certain objects. Knowledge is a very important domain for the formation of over-behavior. So that with sufficient knowledge, the person will try to live a clean and healthy life, as well as carry out routine health checks. This is related to community behavior that can worsen sanitation and lack of knowledge about preventing leptospirosis in the community which may increase the risk of being exposed to/infected with Leptospira bacteria so that the incidence of the disease occurs. Leptospirosis in society is getting higher. The incidence of leptospirosis is influenced by various factors that are closely related to behavior and the environment in humans. The high cases of leptospirosis in Semarang City are caused by poor sanitation conditions and the low level of public knowledge regarding leptospirosis. So it is necessary to describe the knowledge and sanitation of the existence of the reservoir in the Tandang Village. Based on the results obtained, the description of knowledge in Tandang Village is quite good. Meanwhile, sanitation in Tandang Village is classified as poor. Solution: Because people still don't care about the environment, there needs to be a movement from the authorities to invite the community to work together.

Implementation System of Health Care Kiosk for Detecting Cholesterol Disease, Uric Acid, Obesity and Hypoxia

The development of technological advances in the health sector in the last decades has grown very rapidly. Currently, most people do not receive routine medical check-ups because of the long lines of patients and the expensive rates they must pay to see a specialist doctor. This causes many people to ignore the importance of routine health checks as recommended by the National Health Agency. The purpose of this research is to make a device that can perform routine checks independently at home, using an Arduino microcontroller for checking cholesterol, uric acid, obesity, and hypoxia. This tool has several sensors, namely Ultrasonic & Load Cell sensors to measure weight and height, which are used to detect obesity through the BMI table. In addition, there is a Pulse and Oxygen in Blood Sensor (SPO2) sensor to detect heart rate and oxygen saturation to detect hypoxia using the fuzzy logic method. Cholesterol and uric acid examination using the Electrode Based biosensor method with a digital detection device (amperometric biosensor). Testing the Tsukamoto fuzzy logic method system obtained a data accuracy value of 100%, following the rules set for classifying hypoxic diseases. The trial phase was carried out as many as 10 trials, where 90% of patients did not experience hypoxia, and 10% had mild hypoxia. The results of testing the BMI table method system for obesity obtained a data accuracy value of 100% according to the calculation of the BMI calculator. In phase 10 trials, 30% of patients were lean, 50% obese, and 20% obese. The system test results use a range of values, each with a data accuracy value of 100% according to the classification of cholesterol and uric acid levels. Ten trials showed that 70% of patients were in normal condition, 20% of patients with low cholesterol, and 10% of patients were in high limits. As for gout, 70% of patients are in normal condition, and 30% of patients are in high uric acid condition.