City Route Research Articles

Enhancing Electric Vehicle Autonomy With Solar Energy: A Case Study of the “Takai Urban” in Northern Chile

The global transition towards electromobility presents unique challenges, particularly in regions with limited infrastructure. In Northern Chile, the sparse distribution of charging stations, with distances often exceeding 100 km, complicates the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). This study investigates the feasibility of enhancing the autonomy of the "Takai Urban", a solar-assisted battery EV through the integration of Zebra IBC solar cells, leveraging the region's high solar irradiance. Initially, the Takai urban EV had a maximum range of 70 km per charge. Through virtual modelling and simulations, which incorporated GPS and meteorological data along a typical 43.3 km route in Antofagasta city, we examined the impact of solar integration on vehicle performance. The simulations indicated that with the strategic placement of high-efficiency solar cells, the vehicle's range could be extended by approximately 48%, achieving a new maximum of 104 km per charge. This approach not only demonstrates the potential for solar-assisted EVs in regions like Northern Chile but also underscores the broader implications for sustainable mobility in similar environments globally. The results highlight the potential for practical enhancements in EV designs using solar technologies, focusing on efficiency improvements and sustainable mobility solutions.

Individualized Tourist Experience Route Recommendation : İstiklal Street in Beyoğlu

Linear tourist routes in cities are a significant obstacle to spreading social functions such as culture, trade, shopping, and entertainment. To address this issue, the study proposes a novel approach that creates personalized, multi-sensory experience routes to revitalize the interaction between place and tourist. The purpose of the study is to design a route-generation model that draws multi-sensory and personalized experience routes. In addition, the importance of multi-sensory experience associated with the concept of 4E (Entertainment, Education, Esthetic, and Escapist) in tourism is emphasized. The design of the model was carried out with datasets collected from 80 different small and medium-sized workshops in four different themes, each containing 20 points of interest (POI), located in Beyoğlu which is one of the important historical centers of Istanbul. In this way, the route generation model allows tourists to have a multi-sensory experience; it provides personalization according to the content, location, time, and budget preferences of the tourists, and experience routes are drawn. Newly proposed routes for historic city centers aim to provide a more personalized tourism experience by revealing hidden gems based on tourists' senses and 4E preferences.

Model Checking Spatial Reachability Specifications of Public Transport Networks

Well-designed spatial configurations of public transport stops and routes in big cities contribute to enhancing daily travel services for citizens, effectively mitigating traffic congestion, and addressing other pertinent challenges. When examining spatial layouts of public transport networks (PTNs), various reachability demands between stops or urban Points of Interest (POIs) are crucial issues should be firstly taken into account. Existing methods to investigate spatial reachability properties of PTNs generally need to construct some evaluation functions, or survey reachability metrics through some network analysis techniques. These methods are often impractical, as the functional relations always cannot be accurately defined, or some global network metrics cannot provide explicit evidences for PTN layout planning or optimization.In this paper, we introduce spatial model checking techniques to the formal verification of the reachability specifications of PTN to guarantee the rationality of PTN layout. First, we extend closure space structure by incorporating attribute labeling functions and logical propositions for public transport stops and routes to develop a formal spatial verification model for PTN spatial layout. Second, we propose several novel reachability operators based on the logical operators of the Spatial Logic for Closure Space (SLCS) to facilitate the logical characterization of reachability specifications. Third, we perform the verification of the transformed reachability formulas by the spatial model checker topochecker. Examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and indicate that it can perform automatic, descriptive and comprehensible verification of the reachability properties PTN layouts.

Perencanaa Perencanaan Pengembangan Terminal Penumpang Jetak Kecamatan Kaliwungu Kabupaten Kudus

Basically, transportation is very necessary to facilitate all activities carried out by humans. The development of land transportation, such as the development of public transportation, is very rapid from year to year, this also requires development and progress in terminals as one of the road transportation infrastructure for loading and unloading people and/or goods, as is the case at Jetak Terminal, Kec. Kaliwungu District. Kudus is a type C passenger terminal, but along with the development of transportation, this terminal has changed its function to a type B terminal, so it is necessary to develop the terminal in terms of capacity and infrastructure. The method used in this research is to record the number plates of public transport entering, parking and leaving the terminal. Before conducting research, first ask for a research permit letter from the campus and the District Government. holy in this case BAPEDA Kab. Holy. The position of the Jetak Terminal in the existing road network system can be said to be quite strategic because it is on the main city route that connects Kaliwungu District with other areas, both in the western part of the city and with areas in the eastern part. Jetak Terminal has an area of ​​6.750 m², which consists of the building area and public transport parking area. Jetak Terminal currently has a parking area used by angkudes, microbuses, AKDP and motorbikes. Based on the results of calculations and survey results in the field, the need for parking space at the Jetak Terminal is currently unable to serve existing needs, where many microbuses are waiting for passengers outside the terminal. As a form of solving problems at the Jetak Terminal, it is possible to develop the terminal by optimizing the existing land around the terminal so that it can be utilized for the development of the Jetak Terminal. Keywords: Jetak Terminal, Capacity, Transportation

Impacts of zero-fare transit policy on health and social determinants: protocol for a natural experiment study.

Population-level efforts are needed to increase levels of physical activity and healthy eating to reduce and manage chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Interventions to increase public transit use may be one promising strategy, particularly for low-income communities or populations of color who are disproportionately burdened by health disparities and transportation barriers. This study employs a natural experiment design to evaluate the impacts of a citywide zero-fare transit policy in Kansas City, Missouri, on ridership and health indicators. In Aim 1, comparison to 9 similar cities without zero-fare transit is used to examine differential changes in ridership from 3 years before to 4 years after the adoption of zero-fare. In Aim 2, Kansas City residents are being recruited from a large safety net health system to compare health indicators between zero-fare riders and non- riders. Longitudinal data on BMI, cardiometabolic markers, and economic barriers to health are collected from the electronic health record from 2017 to 2024. Cross-sectional data on healthy eating and device-measured physical activity are collected from a subsample of participants as part of the study procedures (N = 360). Numerous baseline characteristics are collected to account for differences between Kansas City and comparison city bus routes (Aim 1) and between zero-fare riders and non-riders within Kansas City (Aim 2). Evidence on how zero-fare transit shapes population health through mechanisms related to improved economic factors, transportation, physical activity, and healthy eating among low-income groups is expected.

Exploring the geographical equity-efficiency tradeoff in cycling infrastructure planning

Cycling is affordable, healthy, and sustainable, but access to destinations on low-stress safe cycling routes in most cities is both limited and unevenly distributed. Many cities are expanding cycling networks to improve safety, increase cycling mode share, and increase diversity in access to cycling, however resources remain limited which requires prioritization of infrastructure. When proposed infrastructure locations are optimized to provide the highest average access to opportunities using a utilitarian definition of accessibility, marginalized groups and locations may be further left behind. This occurs since the greatest gains to network connectivity, using a utility definition, come from expansions inside or directly adjacent to the densest network areas. We compare utilitarian and equity-driven planning strategies for cycling network expansion and explore tradeoffs in spatial coverage, equity, and efficiency, using Toronto, Canada as a case study. We find that optimizing accessibility in several small regions instead of city-wide leads to an infrastructure plan that is more spatially dispersed. Further, we show that an optimization model targeting low-access areas produces an infrastructure plan with more regions meeting a minimum threshold of accessibility but with lower average accessibility gains, indicating the presence of an equity-efficiency tradeoff. We also find that infrastructure projects that maximize a region's accessibility to jobs are often located outside that region, challenging political perceptions of "local" infrastructure and benefits. These results inform planning, advocacy, design, and policy, and shed light on spatial and socio-demographic equity tradeoffs in deciding where to add cycling infrastructure.

Deep learning algorithms for predicting routes of snowplows in European cities

Most cities are faced with annual snowfall but are finding it difficult to deal with their snow plowing activities. Even though winter road maintenance has been studied for many decades, most of the papers do not present models that can be scaled up to allow for incorporation of side constraints that are often met in practical applications. Subject of the paper: Comparison of deep learning algorithms for forecasting snowplow routes in European cities in terms of spatial analysis, routing and traffic flow. The study focuses on extending neural networks including Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Graph Neural Network (GNN) to overcome the problematics of snowplow in urban setting. Temporal and spatial data are incorporated using sophisticated models such as Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (STGCNs) using examples that capture the capacity to control the changes in the snowplow routes in reaction to the real-time traffic flow and weather information. The report also looks at how transformer models among other emerging technologies could be harnessed to improve predictive accuracy as well as efficiency. Comparisons made to these other methods evaluating deep learning methods’ benefits and drawbacks and their application to urban infrastructure and traffic flow. The results, therefore, point out that integrating these complicated formulas can go a long way in enhancing the efficiency and safety of snowplowing in the European cities to create better lit and safer transport networks

Assessing the impact of China Railway Express operations on the development of Chinese cities: China-Europe freight routes evolution and city development analysis

The operation of the China Railway Express (CRE) has diversified freight transportation between China and Europe, expanding the international freight channels in Chinese cities where CRE operates. However, the relationship between the evolution of China-Europe freight routes and the development of Chinese cities remains unclear. Therefore, we propose a potential model to assess the evolution of CRE routes and develop an indicator system to measure city sustainability. We employ a coupled coordination degree model (CCDM) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the impact of CRE on the development of these cities. Findings reveal several key insights. Firstly, CRE has facilitated the expansion of China-Europe freight routes in Chinese cities, significantly enhancing the accessibility of China-Europe integrated inland transportation. Secondly, the growth of freight routes between China and Europe has exerted a substantial influence on the long-term development of Chinese cities, particularly inland cities. The positive relationship between route evolution and city development has strengthened over time. Lastly, the expansion of China-Europe freight routes indirectly contributes to the development of inland cities, primarily through stimulating innovation, industry scale, financial growth, and international trade. In contrast, coastal cities mainly benefit from the direct promotion of the international trade levels.

ANALISIS PEMBERLAKUAN TARIF MIKRO ANGKUTAN ANTAR KOTA TRAYEK KOTA GORONTALO PAGUAT

Analysis of the Implementation of Micro Tariffs for Inter-City Transport on the Gorontalo Paguat City Route. The aim of this research was to overcome the existence of micro drivers who charge their own transportation rates which are not in accordance with the provisions of established regulations. With the data collection method, interviews or in the context of this research, they are called informants. In this data source, the informants include the drivers, the Head of the Talaga Terminal Coordinator, Gorotalo City and the community, place, namely the data source obtained from a description of the situation and conditions related to the problem being discussed, Paper, namely the data source that presents signs in the form of letters. , numbers, images, or symbols. Based on the district regulation. Gorontalo number 28 of 2013 concerning adjustments to passenger transportation rates between cities, sub-districts and rural areas for economy class, namely Rp. 437.46,- /km/pnp. Based on these regulations, the Gorontalo-Paguat route is approximately 145km, namely Rp. 63,431,- or around Rp. 63,500,-. Meanwhile, the fare applied by micro drivers is Rp. 75,000. This is due to the large deposits made to the PO which covers the drivers, as well as the increasingly high cost of living necessities, therefore the government needs to review the determination of micro tariffs for public transport on the Gorontalo-Paguat route.

How Do We Calibrate a Battery Electric Vehicle Model Based on Controller Area Network Bus Data?

Transforming an up-to-date vehicle into a measurement system is a rewarding task due to the large number of different sensors in the onboard control and diagnostic systems. These procedures are not performed by a single control unit; it is necessary to share the signal values over a communication network, to which an external device can be connected to record the real traffic. The paper aims to use these recorded data for 1 DOF longitudinal vehicle and powertrain model validation. For repeatability, three city routes are selected: plain road, smaller road grade, and higher road grade in both directions. Therefore, the drivetrain system is tested in a high load range, even with long-term recuperation. The altitude changes are recorded with a DGPS system. By the recorded measurements, the vehicle and the drivetrain model can be calibrated, such as the air drag parameters, the rolling resistances, and the efficiencies of the drivetrain. The validation criteria are defined for speed tracking, and the relative tolerance of the cumulated energy should be below 10%. At the end of the day, a developed model is ready for energetic analysis or control strategy design. The energy balance of the applied cycles is also presented to prove that.

Justification of key factors regarding the application of prospective ecological transport in the urban passenger transportation system

Research objective. Justification of the key factors that have an impact on the introduction of promising ecological transport in the system of urban passenger transport in order to improve the quality of transport services for passengers and improve ecology in densely populated cities. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the fuzzy Dematel method is used, which is based on graph theory and allows to classify all available factors that influence decision-making based on cause-and-effect relationships. Results. The eight key factors that form the transport project and the factors that have a significant impact on them are substantiated for the implementation of the transport project of the implementation of promising ecological passenger transport on urban routes into the transport system of urban passenger transportation. These include the level of development of modern transport technologies when transporting passengers on city routes and the availability of their support centers; the availability of financial programs for updating/restructuring the rolling stock fleet of the motor vehicle enterprise and the availability of the appropriate legal framework for preferential operation of electric passenger transport; rapid adaptation of the transport infrastructure of a modern city for the operation of ecological transport; compliance of ecological transport with the transport characteristics of the passenger transportation route; operational properties of a modern electric bus; the effect of relevant legislative initiatives regarding benefits for the purchase and costs of operating electric vehicles. Scientific novelty consists in identifying the interrelationships between the factors that form the transport project and the factors that have a significant influence on them, on the implementation of the transport project of the implementation of promising ecological passenger transport on urban routes into the transport system of urban passenger transport, which allows to estimate the possible economic costs of road transport enterprises carrying out passenger transportation. Practical significance lies in the determination of key factors that can be used for the implementation of a transport project for the use of promising ecological passenger transport in the system of urban passenger road transport

Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Measurement Unit/Camera/HD Map Integrated Localization for Autonomous Vehicles in Challenging Urban Tunnel Scenarios

Lane-level localization is critical for autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, complex urban scenarios, particularly tunnels, pose significant challenges to AVs’ localization systems. In this paper, we propose a fusion localization method that integrates multiple mass-production sensors, including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), cameras, and high-definition (HD) maps. Firstly, we use a novel electronic horizon module to assess GNSS integrity and concurrently load the HD map data surrounding the AVs. This map data are then transformed into a visual space to match the corresponding lane lines captured by the on-board camera using an improved BiSeNet. Consequently, the matched HD map data are used to correct our localization algorithm, which is driven by an extended Kalman filter that integrates multiple sources of information, encompassing a GNSS, IMU, speedometer, camera, and HD maps. Our system is designed with redundancy to handle challenging city tunnel scenarios. To evaluate the proposed system, real-world experiments were conducted on a 36-kilometer city route that includes nine consecutive tunnels, totaling near 13 km and accounting for 35% of the entire route. The experimental results reveal that 99% of lateral localization errors are less than 0.29 m, and 90% of longitudinal localization errors are less than 3.25 m, ensuring reliable lane-level localization for AVs in challenging urban tunnel scenarios.

Feasibility Study of Traction Power Supply for Medium-Capacity Rail System Based on Rigid Overhead Conductor Rail System: Case Study on Pham Van Dong Route in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Feasibility Study of Traction Power Supply for Medium-Capacity Rail System Based on Rigid Overhead Conductor Rail System: Case Study on Pham Van Dong Route in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Simulation of Transfer Probability in the City Route Network: Case Study of Lviv, Ukraine

The correct organization of transfers in the public transport system allows to reduce the congestion of the route network while maintaining a sufficient level of service quality for users of transport services. When modelling the probability of transfer, it is advisable to separate the probability of a public transport user choosing a trip with a transfer and the probability of making a transfer at a certain stop of the public transport system. The first probability largely depends on the socio-economic characteristics of the passenger and the time parameters of the trip. The probability of transfer at a certain stop is affected by the information provision of the stop and the number of routes. The general configuration of the route network determines the "basic need for a transfer in the network" - the ratio of the number of pairs of transport zones between which there is no direct public transport route to the total number of pairs of transport zones. The simulation carried out in the PTV Visum software environment for Lviv city made it possible to assess the impact of the tariff system on the change in the number of transfers and to determine critical stops and routes of the network. The inclusion of data on the structure of the city's population in the model makes it possible to use mathematical functions of the probability of transfer on the socio-economic characteristics of the passenger (age, gender, income level) when calculating the forecast number of transfers on the network.

Development of measures to increase the cruising range of electric buses by installing thermal control system based on phase transitional heat acumulating materials

Introduction. The problems of the mass use of electric buses on urban routes are low operational indicators, including the life of traction batteries (TAB), a significant limited autonomous travel compared to motor vehicles based on internal combustion engines, high cost of batteries, limited implementation of charging infrastructure, deterioration of efficient operation at low ambient temperatures, etc. Most operating parameters depend on the efficiency of replenishment, storage and consumption of electricity on board the electric bus, which include: power reserve, TAB life and economic costs for operation.Materials and methods. The work uses methods of numerical modelling of the movement of the KAMAZ 6282 electric bus under the conditions of the SORT 2: MIXED test cycle.Result. In this work, the balance of electric energy on board the КАМАZ 6282 electric bus during its operation on the city route was analyzed, and the search for the most rational ways of its consumption was carried out due to the introduction of thermal control systems for the passenger compartment and the driver’s workplace based on the installation of a heat accumulator (HA) with phase transfer heat accumulating materials (PFTAM).Discussion and conclusion. The installation of the proposed PFTAM-based system, provided that the range is provided at the level of the serial model, enables to reduce the battery capacity by 24% (up to 549 MJ) or, while maintaining the capacity of 720 MJ, increase the range by 44% up to 130 km.

Analysis of Fix Price Travel Tran sport Based on Vehicle Operational Costs

Transportation become an important role in a variety of human needs that are quite diverse, such as economic needs, education, health, and others. This study calculated the Operating Costs of Travel Vehicles on the Palangka Raya - Tamiang Layang City route, using the 2002 Directorate General of Land Transportation method. The method is in the form of an interview survey, analyzing Vehicle Operating Cost data from travel transport service providers with the Palangka Raya- Tamiang Layang City route, namely CV. Putra Borneo Travel, CV. New Star Travel, and CV. Trans Kalimantan Travel. This study aims to determine the Operating Cost of Travel Vehicles on the Palangka Raya - Tamiang Layang route to find out how much the basic rate set is financially feasible for service providers. The findings from the value analysis of the Operating Cost of Travel Vehicles on the Palangka Raya- Tamiang Layang route reveal that CV. Putra Borneo Travel incurred IDR 4,934.61, CV. Trans Kalimantan Travel incurred IDR 4,253.21, and CV. Bintang Baru Travel incurred IDR 4,733.95. The basic passenger rate set is financially feasible for service providers by, CV. Putra Borneo Travel at IDR 295,056/pnp, CV. Trans Kalimantan Travel at IDR 254,324/ pnp, CV. Bintang Baru Travel at IDR 283,071/ pnp. The rates issued by the three travel transportation service providers are IDR 230,000/ pnp.

Possibilities of forecasting bus average speed on city route

Average bus speed analysis plays a key role in transit operations planning. Such analysis makes it possible to perform forecasting more accurately, especially taking into account the possibility of automated monitoring of a large database. The paper offers a new approach to forecasting the average bus speed on the city route, taking into account the “skip-stop” method. For the convenience of data processing and comparison, four main time periods were selected. The corresponding array of data was organized for each of time periods in the software environment “Statistica”. The conducted analysis characterizes a significant difference in the values of the speed indicators. It has been established that the change in speed leads to non-compliance with traffic schedules and indicates difficult traffic conditions during peak hours. It was studied and compared the deviation of the speed from the average value during the day. It is proposed a new scenario for the operation of buses with skipping stops in the hour when the speed on the route is lower than the average value. According to the results of speed modeling in peak years, it shows the possibility of reducing the negative effects of speed on the schedule. This forecasting of the average buses speed will enable system operators to more accurately design traffic schedules and minimize disruptions in them.

Оптимізація режимів взаємодії магістрального та міського пасажирського транспорту м. Кременчук

The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal value of the number of vehicles on the route network of Kremenchuk in the interaction of mainline and internal passenger transport by organizing the work of participants in the transport process of moving passengers during the transition from mainline (car, railway, river) to urban (trolley buses, buses, route taxis) transport. Optimization of the interaction was carried out according to the criterion of reducing the total reduced costs. A generalized criterion for assessing the total costs of participants in the transport process is proposed, which tends to be minimized as a result of the organization of transportation. The passenger capacity of a unit of rolling stock of mainline passenger transport differs from the passenger capacity of a unit of rolling stock of urban passenger transport. Taking into account that urban passenger transport operates in conditions of significant fluctuations in passenger flows, there are periods when the loading of rolling stock exceeds the nominal capacity, that is, the static coefficient of utilization of the passenger capacity of rolling stock is greater than one. The greater the number of vehicles of urban passenger transport, which ensures its interaction with mainline transport, on the route, the shorter the waiting time of passengers, which reduces social costs, but the higher the operating costs of the carrier. The combination of these aspects will allow to balance both the economic effect of the provision of transport services and the social aspect, which has a direct positive effect on the development of the interaction of highway passenger transport with city transport and the city as a whole. The search for ways to reduce the total costs can improve the level of quality of passenger transportation in the interaction of highway and urban transport. Using transport services as a generalizing criterion allows you to determine a compromise between the interests of the provider of transport services (carrier) and the consumer of services (passenger). The optimal value of the number of vehicles on the city's route network is directly proportional to the cost of transport service time and inversely proportional to the operating costs of the carrier's enterprise. Also, the increase in passenger turnover, which goes from highway to city passenger transport, and the length of the route, which determines the turnover time, requires an increase in the number of vehicles.

Comparison of road damage analysis using PCI method and Bina Marga method and the analysis of road improvement methods using the road pavement design manual (Case study: Citayam – Parung road)

The Citayam - Parung road section is an inter-district and city route between Bogor Regency and Depok City, West Java Province, on this road section there is high mobility. This research aims to determine the type of road damage using the PCI method and Bina Marga method and analyze repairs using the 2017 MDP. Data collection was carried out by direct survey and interviews with related agencies. The results of the research analysis of damage to the Citayam - Parung road are alligator cracking, block cracking, edge cracking, transverse longitudinal cracks, utility patches and excavations, polished aggregate, photoles and weathering and raveling. The PCI method damage analysis has a value of 71.96 with Very Good pavement quality, and the results of the Bina Marga method damage analysis have a priority order of 10 with the priority order of the Routine Maintenance Program. The relationship between the PCI method is directly proportional to the Bina Maarga method, with a PCI value between 71-85 and the priority order for Bina Marga, namely 10, the regression equation obtained is PCI = 207.52 – 13.296*(BM). The results of the repair analysis are a 45 mm thick non-structural overlay with an estimated cost of Rp. 2,404,076,800.00.

Prioritization of urban public transport on streets with high pedestrian volumes

The paper investigates the improvement of methods of time-based prioritization of public transport buses on city routes, taking into account pedestrian traffic indicators. A method of non-stop passing the stop-lines at signalized intersections and pedestrian crosswalks by buses in places of high generation of pedestrian traffic has been developed. A study was conducted at three signalized intersections and pedestrian crosswalks in Lviv city in places of high generation of pedestrian flows with dedicated lanes for public transport. Pedestrian speed of movement while crossing the roadway in such locations was studied, and the value of the speed of movement of 15% of the pedestrian flow, which potentially will not have time to cross the roadway during the time of the activated permissive signal, was found. The time parameters of extending the restrictive signal for traffic flows for the safe and unobstructed passage of pedestrian flows at the traffic light object are defined. The distance at which public transport should be located from the signalized facility to extend the restrictive signal to public transport, is also determined.