Rounds Of Delphi Technique Research Articles

Development of a Heart Failure Palliative Care Educational Program for Nurses: A Multi-Method Approach.

Comprehensive palliative care for patients with heart failure can be developed by educating cardiac nurses. The current study aimed to design a heart failure palliative care educational program for nurses. This study was carried out using the multi-method approach based on two out of four steps of Uys educational program development at Dr. Chamran Hospital, Isfahan, in 2020-2021. In step 1, educational needs were collected through literature review, interviews with 15 patients and 10 nurses, examination of patients' documents and medical records, and observation. Then, in step 2, the importance and necessity of teaching the proposed topics and the teaching and evaluation method of the items were assessed through two rounds of delphi technique (15 expert panel members). Eventually, the educational program was finalized. In step 1, the educational needs of nurses were identified in 6 general fields and 26 general learning topics. In step 2, educational needs [specialized knowledge (55% necessity and 55% importance) and social support (33% necessity and 33% importance)], teaching methods (role-playing, experiential learning, and journal club), and evaluation method (the information analysis method) were removed due to a lack of consensus (11%). Finally, the main parts of the program, including the program mission and vision, general learning topics, general goals, objectives, teaching strategies, and evaluation strategies, were compiled. This program provides nurses with up-to-date information on various aspects of the physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and educational needs of heart failure patients and ensures the provision of better services to them.

Students’ perception on cadaveric dissection in learning gross anatomy for clinical application: Development of a tool using DELPHI technique

Anatomy remains key for learning other disciplines in medicine and forms the basis for good clinical practice. Gross Anatomy is an integral part of anatomy curriculum which is taught through different teaching methodologies including cadaveric dissection. This method has many advantages as well as limitations. Since the attendance for gross anatomy practical is compulsory for the students for medical institutions such as that of University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, the actual perception of students towards dissection is not known. In addition, perception of students towards application of learnt gross anatomy in the clinical setting is important in designing / reviewing the anatomy curriculum. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop a tool to measure the students’ perception on cadaveric dissection in learning gross anatomy for clinical application.A two round - DELPHI survey was chosen to develop a tool by establishing consensus among experts. Extensive literature survey was carried out to obtain relevant input to prepare the draft of the research tool. The participated experts were professors in anatomy, surgery, English language and medical education. A six – point Likert scale tool was finalized subsequent to two rounds of DELPHI technique, and its subsequent application among thirty recent graduates. Anonymity was maintained throughout the whole process.

Developing a capacity building training model for public health managers of low and middle income countries.

The challenges faced by the low and middle-income countries (LMIC) in the field of public health management calls for the capacity building of qualified and trained public health managers in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the health care delivery system. Most of the existing training programs for public health management are based in the settings of developed countries, which hinders their application in LMIC countries. The objective of this paper is to document the process of development and evaluation of a capacity building program for public health managers of various LMICs. A training program was developed using Kern's six-step framework with several innovative learning and assessment methodologies and evaluation using Kirkpatrick training evaluation model. Delphi technique was used for program development. This five to ten-day partly/fully funded six International Public Health Management Development Programs (IPHMDP) programs was conceptualized which enrolled 178 participants from 42 countries between years 2016 and 2019. Based upon the elaborative discussion in four rounds of Delphi technique, the problem and challenges faced by public health mangers and eight key competencies (viz. Leadership and governance, Project/ program planning, financial management, supply chain management, quality management, Human Resource management, monitoring and evaluation, and communication.) were identified. The group consensually agree upon a blended teaching methodology comprising of chalk and talk approach, inquiry based learning, participatory student based learning, small group instructions, gamification, project-based learning and field-based learning. There was a significant increase in participants' knowledge score (P<0.0001) after all programs especially in the competencies of monitoring and evaluation, followed by project/ program planning, supply chain management and quality management. The majority (90%) submitted their action plan one week following the program, out of which 64% implemented their action plans within six months. A majority (54.7%) of participants were able to implement their learning once they went back by conducting similar training/ workshop/webinars in their settings. The comprehensive public health management program in LMIC settings strengthens the competencies of public health managers which can be replicated in similar settings across LMIC to mitigate diverse challenges in public health management.

Defining the tasks of clinical reasoning in forensic psychiatric evaluation: Psychomedicolegal analysis competency

ObjectiveInconsistency in the quality of forensic psychiatry report has been criticized for several years. Yet, there are limited guidelines to provide minimally satisfactory forensic psychiatry evaluation conducted by psychiatrists. In addition to the impact towards the forensic psychiatry service, this lack of standardized guidelines may impact the relevant competency development and its various teaching methods of forensic psychiatry among general psychiatrists. Therefore, this study aims to identify components of psychomedicolegal analysis competency as a form of clinical reasoning in forensic psychiatry. MethodsA comprehensive literature review and expert panel discussions were conducted simultaneously to formulate an initial list of psychomedicolegal analysis competency. A total of fourteen experts were chosen based on their expertise in different disciplines that have intersections with forensic psychiatry and the general psychiatry curriculum (e.g. general psychiatrist, forensic psychiatrists and psychologist, law practitioner, and medical education director). The expert panel were instructed to score and provide feedbacks on the items of the initial list. Four-point Likert scale were used in order for the experts to express the relevancy of the core competence to forensic psychiatry practice until it reached the consensus. ResultsThe final 60 items of psychomedicolegal analysis competency were developed after three rounds of Delphi technique and reached a consensus (>70% and medians score of at least 3,25). These competency then categorized into four steps 1) preparing the case (Item 1–11), 2) conducting the evaluation (Item 12–41), 3) writing the report (42–51), and 4) giving expert opinion in court (Item 52–60). ConclusionWe developed 60 items of psychomedicolegal analysis competency that can be used as a standardized guide for psychiatrists to conduct forensic psychiatry evaluation, write the report and provide expert opinion in court. Implementation of this guideline can be used to shape further forensic psychiatry education for general psychiatrist and psychiatry residency.

Development and Validation of Social-Cognitive Theory Based Oral Cancer Awareness Assessment Tool for Adolescents.

Creating oral cancer awareness among adolescents will bring change by modifying the risk factors responsible for oral cancer. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is one promising theory for developing oral cancer awareness programmes among school adolescents. However, data are limited on SCT-based intervention assessment in creating oral cancer awareness among rural community. To develop and validate a SCT-based Oral Cancer Awareness (SCT-OCA) assessment/survey tool for evaluation of intervention implementation. A mixed method design encompassing both qualitative and quantitative was accomplished to develop and validate the assessment tool for rural setting. Domains and items for SCT-OCA assessment tool for adolescents were selected using subject matter expert. A 21-item assessment tool was developed using three rounds of Delphi technique and validated using Lawshe method. The knowledge on oral cancer and its risk factors and key constructs of social-cognitive theory was selected as items of the tool. The final assessment tool was translated to regional language, which was used for evaluation of intervention implementation. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 16. Descriptive statistics includes means, standard deviations and frequency. Validation using Lawshe, component factor analysis and Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated. The overall content validity ratio was agreeable, and 21 items were finally selected in assessment tool. The overall Cronbach's alphas of 0.718 for survey was acceptable. The agreement was good for the domains of tool. This study developed the SCT-OCA assessment tool for intervention specifically designed for adolescents to measure oral cancer awareness.

Establishing a minimum data set for Parkinson's (PMDS) in Iran.

The minimum data set (MDS) is one of the important steps in the development of health care information systems. According to the Ministry of Health in Iran, a central and national registry along with Parkinson's MDS (PMDS) has not yet existed. So, this research was conducted to establish a PMDS in Iran. This study was a descriptive-comparative method, which was done in 2019-2021 in four phases: (1) determining data elements related to Parkinson's disease in Iran and selected countries; (2) extracting and categorizing the data elements; (3) making a PMDS draft; (4) evaluating a draft by Delphi technique. The research population was the MDS in Australia, Canada, the United States of America, and Iran. After extracting the data elements of Parkinson's disease from various resources, the primary draft PMDS was developed. Then, the research group divided it into two categories (administrative and clinical). After that, it was sent to 50 healthcare professionals for validation by the Delphi method. Following the results of the two rounds of Delphi technique, Finally, PMDS was established including a total of 223 data elements in two categories: administrative and clinical with 72 and 151, respectively. Every category included 10 and 14 subcategories. The first and the most important step for standardization of data collection nationally is creating MDS. Due to the necessity of the existence of PMDS, a complete list of PMDS was established for collecting data on Parkinson's patients.

Risk Factors in Various Climates of Wheat Production in Western Iran: Experts’ Opinions

Agriculture is the origin of existence and survival in any society. However, this sector is always associated with risk and uncertainty, and farmers are faced with many challenges. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to explore the (production) risk factors of irrigated wheat production systems among farmers in Kermanshah province, Iran. The exploratory nature of this study on the one hand and the need for expert judgment on the other hand necessitated a Delphi research design. Thus, this study utilized a three-round Delphi technique. The population comprised of 10 subject-matter experts (SME) and 32 agricultural extension experts in two climates (warm and semi-arid and cold and moderate) in seven counties in Kermanshah province. A purposeful (complete) sample of 42 experts in the agricultural field participated in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed on the basis of the Delphi technique. The findings indicated that, after three rounds of Delphi technique, the panel members reached a consensus on 75 factors which were categorized into biological, natural, managerial, and technological-structural groups for production risk. The results of this research provide useful insights for researchers, extension agents, and farmers.

Development and validation of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Minimum Data Set (NAS-MDS): a systematic review, focus group discussion, and Delphi technique

Objectives Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a combination of symptoms in infants exposed to any variety of substances in utero. Information systems and registries help to collect information about these patients; however, there is always a deep gap between complete and accurate information to be collected, understood, and applied in the health care system; thus, defining a minimum data sets (MDS) as one of the primarily steps of designing a registry system is essential. The aim of this study was to develop an MDS of the registry for infants with NAS in Iran. Methods This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. In this study, three steps were carried out to develop the MDS including systematic review, Delphi technique, and focus group discussion. A systematic review was conducted in relevant databases to identify appropriate related data. In the second phase, a focus group discussion was used to classify the extracted data elements by contributing neonatologists. Finally, data elements were chosen through the decision Delphi technique in two distinct rounds. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results By reviewing related papers and available NAS registries in other countries, 145 essential data elements were identified. They were classified into two main categories based on the eight experts’ opinions including maternal with two sections and infant with two sections. After applying two rounds of Delphi technique, the final data elements for maternal and infant categories were 42 and 31, respectively. Thus, on completion of the survey, 73 data elements were approved. Conclusion The proposed MDS for NAS can help to store an accurate and comprehensive data, document medical records, integrate them with other information systems and registries, and communicate with other healthcare providers and healthcare centers. This MDS can contribute to the provision of high-quality care and better clinical decisions.

Development a national minimum data set for poisoning registry in Iran.

In the developing countries with high mortality rates, poisoning is considered to be one of the most common causes of admission to emergency wards. Given the importance of registering data on poisoned patients, it is very important to have a complete poisoning Minimum Data Set (MDS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine an MDS for poisoning registry in Iran. This applied and cross-sectional study was conducted through of Delphi technique in the poisoning ward of Imam Reza Hospital (northeastern Iran) in 2019. Literature reviews were initially carried out on such databases as PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Embase. Then, Google search was done to retrieve poisoning forms and poisoning registry websites. Also, we considered International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision coding guidelines of poisoning. Then, a questionnaire containing data elements of poisoning was developed. In total, 558 data elements were developed during two rounds of Delphi technique. The MDS was divided into 10 categories including patient and communication data, encounter data, diagnostic data and medical history, exposure data, clinical data, treatment data, complications, paraclinical tests, biobank, and discharge data. Establishing an MDS as the first and most important step towards implementing poisoning registry can be the standard basis for collecting poisoned patient data. The data registered in the poisoning registry can be used for planning, policy-making, prevention, and control purposes.

호텔 MICE 적정 인력 산정 지표 개발 연구

This study developed indicators to forecast the optimal number of employees for hotel MICE and to investigate empirically the reliability and validity of those indicators. The dominant approach to manpower planning has long been based on heuristic experience in the hotel and MICE fields, and there is little research in hotel and MICE studies. A focus group interview and two rounds of Delphi technique were conducted to achieve the study goal. Moreover, 289 samples were collected to test the validity and the reliability of the finalized indicators. The study developed 35 indicators with seven factors. This study contributes to the academic and the practical hospitality sectors by helping to identify indicators that would allow a more accurate forecast of the optimal number of employees for hotel MICE.

Achieving consensus Deal with Methodological Issues in the Delphi technique

Delphi is a powerful technique used to seek answers to appropriate questions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Delphi technique as a research method. This paper discusses the scientific merit of the Delphi technique by investigating on 41 studies of Journal of Agricultural Education from 1981 to 2013, and 2 studies of Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. The results showed that there is no general agreement on using indexes in different rounds of Delphi technique; however, according to the frequencies of using indexes in different studies, the following suggestions are presented. The favourable number of panel of experts is between 10 to 20. Purposive sampling method is used for selecting the panel members. Usually a three rounds of Delphi method is used. One question is designed in round one. Mean and standard deviation indexes are used for passing from round two to round three and agreement level of 70 present is used for achieving expert's consensus in round three.

Development of a Care Coordinator Performance Measurement Tool for Indonesian Family Physicians

Background, aims and objectives: One of the roles of a family physician is as a care coordinator. This study aimed to develop a care coordinator measurement tool for family physicians in Indonesia. The instrument development method was conducted using Expert Judgement, the Delphi Technique and Factor Analysis. Thirteen themes relevant to the work of a care coordinator were obtained from 19 experts. Eighty-eight items were drafted from thematic definition and a literature search. Fifty-four items were selected through 2 rounds of Delphi Technique. No significant characteristic difference were found in both Delphi samples. The items considered very relevant to the work of a care coordinator (Likert scale 8-9) from more than 75% respondents were selected for factor analysis. A factor analysis was conducted on 249 samples. It showed an adequate number of samples and correlation for all items (KMO of Sampling 0.936 and Bartlett’s Test &lt; 0.001). Eleven factors were derived from the results of eigenvalue &gt; 1. Thirty-three items were filtered after determined loading factor &gt; 0.4. Cronbach's alpha for each factor varied from 0.7-0.91. Cronbach's alpha for a total of 33 items was 0.94 with total variation documented as high as 77%. Conclusion: A valid and reliable care coordinator measurement tool for Indonesian Family Physicians has been developed, consisting of 11 factors and 33 items.

Identification of coordination factors affecting building projects performance

Construction projects performance requires improvement to fulfil the complexity of the stakeholders’ needs and expectations. Coordination process is proposed as an efficient solution for weak performance of construction projects. Therefore, coordination factors are vital in ensuring a successful implementation of all project phases. This study aimed to identify and prioritise coordination factors that influence the performance of building projects in Malaysian context. A vast body of literature on coordination process was reviewed and resulted in 53 coordination factor. Three rounds of Delphi technique were conducted. The most effective coordination factors were ranked based on the Relative Importance Index (RII) such as Scheduling (RII=0.97), Quality assurance plan (RII=0.93), and all parties’ participation in plans (RII=0.89). These coordination factors have fulfilled the research gap and provided better management and higher performance for project parties. The results offer insightful perspectives to define the most effective coordination factors, for addressing the dependency between project tasks and the parties to enhance project performance.

Validation of ERP Implementation Framework for Private Institution of Higher Learning (PIHL) in Malaysia: A Delphi Technique

resource planning (ERP) system implementations hold great potential for institutions of higher learning (IHL) despite of many literatures have shown that there are many failures during the implementation process. A further understanding of the proposed implementation framework of ERP system for private IHL in Malaysian environment that leads to the successful of the ERP system implementation would be beneficial. In this study, researcher has implemented the validation on the developed implementation framework and the result on the validation is based on the approval from all eight experts after implementing the two rounds of Delphi technique.

연근해 침적폐기물 정화관리지표 개발에 관한 연구

9$5&0FG&B6&0 0 0 8G&N3%0O0 D PC 0)!/* 8$5&0FC' %B6&0 0 8DC0 C0O0 D PC 0)! 8 : 본 연구는 해구별 침적폐기물 추정량을 산정하여 해구별 정화관리 우선순위를 분석하기 위한 전제로서 침적폐기물 정화관리지표를 개발하는 것이 연구목적이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 연구방법으로 전문가 델파이 조사기법을 활용하였다. 전문가 델파이 기법은 적절한 예측방법을 찾을 수 없을 때, 전문가들의 직관을 동원하여 미래를 예측하는 방법으로써 미래변화 뿐만 아니라, 합의를 도출하여 문제를 추정하거나 구성원의 의견을 수집․수렴하는 연구방법이다. 본 연구에서는 27명의 전문가를 섭외하여 이들을 대상으로 총 3회기에 걸친 델파이 조사를 실시하였다. 전문가 델파이 조사결과 최종적으로 선택된 연근해 침적폐기물 정화관리지표는 수거 후 재침적율, 폐어구 유실구역, 해구별 총 폐기물량, 과거 침적폐기물 수거량, 단위면적당 폐기물량 등의 5개 지표로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 패널의 수가 27명으로 한정되어 있는 문제점이 존재하는데, 본 연구를 선행연구로 하여 향후 패널 수를 더욱 확대하여 정밀한 조사가 이루어지기를 바란다. : 침적폐기물, 정화관리지표, 델파이 조사방법, 단위면적, 폐기물량 : This study aims to explore a set of indicators to be used for purification management. by estimating the total quantity of depositied waste in coastal waters, Through 3 rounds of Delphi technique, this study sorts out the following 5 variables to be used as major indicators determining priorities for purification in coastal areas: the ratio of re-deposition after collection, the area where fishing gear are lost, the total quantity of depositied waste of each coastal water, the total quantity of deposited waste in the past, and the quantity of depositied waste by unit area. Although the fact that the delphi surveys were done only on 27 specialists limits its external validity, this study will serve as a base for in-depth studies with more expanded panels that will provide better indicators for purification management in coastal waters of Korea. Key words : depositied waste, purification management indicators, Delphi technique, unit area, quantity of depositied waste9;QRS TU M *.*.VM&C%M ).*1#*)#!*I 5060C4 TU DC&0VM %M ).*1#.(*

A STUDY OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AND COMPETENCIES NECESSARY FOR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN EGYPT USING DELPHI TECHNIQUE دراسة لبیئة وقدرات العمل اللازمة للإرشاد الزراعی فی مصر بإستخدام أسلوب دلفی

This study aimed to: determine the issues in extension, as identified by central level extension employees that are related to the attraction and motivation of extension staff within the next ten years, and identify the competencies entry–level extension staff will need within the next ten years from the viewpoint of central level extension employees. Questionnaire forms were used for data collection through three rounds of Delphi technique. All three rounds were performed in 2013; Round 1 was conducted during January & February, round 2 in May, and round 3 in September. 98, 81 and 75 employees are responded to round one, two and three respectively. The most important fifteen extension work environment issues (financial, technological, psychological, and managerial environment) needed to attracting and motivating extension staff were identified as well as thirteen work competencies (extension program development, interpersonal skills, technicality, educational, and homogeneity competencies) needed in entry–level extension staff were identified.

Developing indicators to improve educational governance in hospitals

Purpose – Clinical governance should be based on cultural elements that value lifelong learning, skill development and research. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a set of indicators to improve educational governance in hospitals. Design/methodology/approach – Key indicators were identified from the international and national literatures. Later, the indicators were rated and prioritized by a multidisciplinary panel of medical professionals using two rounds of Delphi technique. Subsequently at two consensus meetings, the panel evaluated the indicators. Findings – A set of 51 draft indicators were identified. The expert panel members rated 28 indicators as high priority indicators for measuring educational performance of the hospitals. Practical implications – This set of indicators can be used to measure the educational performance of the hospitals in identifying the gaps and take steps to resolve them. Originality/value – Education and training is the basic component of clinical governance. Hospital staff education and training is a fundamental step towards organizational and individual development. To improve the educational performance at hospital level it is necessary to reliably measure such performance. This can be done through developing and using relevant indicators. There are limited systematic studies, especially in middle and low income countries, to introduce appropriate indicators. This study has investigated developing a set of indicators to measure and improve the educational performance in hospitals.

Developing an ICF core set for sub-acute stages of spinal cord injury in Taiwan: a preliminary study

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop an ICF core set describing sub-acute spinal cord injury (SCI) specifically for Taiwanese patients. Methods: A consensus process using three rounds of Delphi technique was conducted. Twenty multidisciplinary participants from various institutions were recruited. The questionnaire used in this study comprised 118 ICF second-level categories relevant to the sub-acute stage of SCI. A five-point Likert scale was used, and participants were asked to assign weights to the effect of each category on activities of daily life after SCI. The consensus among ratings was assessed using Spearman’s rho and semi-interquartile range (SIQR) indices. The core set for post-acute SCI was developed from categories that attained a mean score of ≥3.8 in the third round of the Delphi exercise. Results: The core set for sub-acute SCI contained 58 categories. Of these, 24 comprised the component of body functions (b), 5 comprised body structures (s), 21 comprised activities and participation (d), and 8 comprised environmental factors (e). Conclusion: The preliminary core set for sub-acute SCI offers a comprehensive system of disability assessment and verification after people have sustained an SCI. Further validation is required.Implication for RehabilitationThe preliminary core set for sub-acute SCI offers a comprehensive system for disability assessment related to SCI among Taiwanese patients.This core set reflected problems commonly encountered by patients with SCI.This core set reflects appropriate cultural and geographic perspectives in adjustment to SCI.

Entrepreneurial Measurement Modelfor Teacher Education

The definition of entrepreneurship transcends multi disciplines and not only limited to the profitmaking business entities. Within the teachers’ education field, entrepreneurship is viewed as a critical component in the process of preparing the competent and skilled teachers in handling the present challenging education environment. This research intends to develop the instrument which can be used in the assessment of the students of Institute of Teachers Education Malaysia towards the identification of their entrepreneurship traits. The domains of entrepreneurship will be explored through the relevant literature review and the expert’s opinion as well. In this research, the expert’s opinion using four rounds of Delphi Technique is employed to determine and verify the suitability of the elements of entrepreneurship with the teacher’s education. The panel of experts selected in the Delphi Technique consists of the practicing entrepreneurs and experts from various public higher learning institutions. There will be twelve experienced expert panels both from the entrepreneurship and teachers education involved in this research activity. The instrument (measurement model) will be developed based on the entrepreneurship elements which have been initially designed. Statistical analysis, structural equation modelling using Confirmatory Factor Analysis will be used to test, modify and to confirm the suitability of the items towards the construct/entrepreneurship elements and fit of the model simultaneously.

Development of Sustainable Agriculture Subjects in Secondary Academic Schools: A Comfirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Approach

The aim of this paper is to discuss the development of a valid and reliable measurement of sustainable agriculture subjects for secondary academic school. The elements of the instrument were developed using the four rounds of Delphi technique that finally end up with 20 indicators. The five-point scale of 139 items were then derived and validated. This instrument was administered to 312 agriculture subject teachers from all over Peninsular Malaysia which were randomly selected. AMOS software version 16 was used to analyze the data. The value of Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were used to maintain or drop the items. The findings of the study using confirmatory factor analysis measurement model featured 48 items as valid and reliable items to measure 13 indicators of sustainable agriculture subjects after dropping 91 items. This instrument can be used to obtain the status of sustainability of the agriculture subjects in daily secondary academic schools in Malaysia.