Rotary Pulse Research Articles

Multiphase injection locking for multiple rotary pulses in a coupled oscillator lattice loop

SummaryThis study provides design criteria of multiphase injection locking for an oscillator loop with multiple rotary pulses that can be utilized for an effective frequency multiplier. Coupled oscillator lattice loops can support phase waves. In the case where pulses rotate in the loop, the oscillatory signal exhibits times higher frequency than the rotation frequency of a single rotary pulse. Once an external signal succeeds in injection locking the single‐pulse rotation, the loop operates as an efficient times frequency multiplier. As in a ring oscillator, the progressive multiphase injection locking is best employed, when the loop supports only a single rotary pulse. Because the phase of the external signal becomes different for each pulse, progressive phase assignment does not work well for multiple rotary pulses; therefore, a more efficient scheme of phase assignment is investigated and validated by bifurcation analyses and measurements. The most effective multiphase injection locking is expected for the phase difference between two neighboring oscillators to be set to ( ), when pulses rotate to the cell address increases (decreases) in an oscillator loop.

High‐order subharmonic injection locking using a rotary topological defect in an oscillator lattice loop

AbstractThis study proposes a scheme for high‐order subharmonic injection locking in a tunnel diode oscillator lattice loop. The loop supports a rotary pulse resulting from mutual synchronization between the component oscillators. A topological defect in the form of a dislocation is observed to rotate within the loop in a direction opposite to that of the background rotary pulse. The defect is mutually synchronized with the rotary pulse. In addition, the defect velocity is considerably slower than that of the pulse. Upon injection locking of the rotary behavior of the defect using an external oscillator, the rotary pulse can also be locked via the same oscillator. This facilitates a high‐order subharmonic injection locking of the oscillating pulse through the intermediation of a topological defect. Herein, the operation principle is described, followed by its experimental validation.

Dynamics of Topological Defects in a Tunnel-Diode Oscillator Lattice Loop

This study investigates the dynamical behavior of topological defects in a tunnel-diode oscillator lattice loop. Bifurcation analyses were first developed to show that bias voltages exist, where the lattice loop allows no sink–source pair solution. In such voltages initially set sink–source pair annihilates to become a topological defect with a dislocation form of the background rotary pulses. The topological defect moves to the opposite direction as the rotary pulse. Interestingly, the former synchronizes sub-harmonically with the latter. Thus, the defect was detected using a time-domain coherent measurement of a test lattice loop fabricated on a breadboard. This paper reports the results of bifurcation analyses and measurements.

Features of Acoustic Emission Accompanying the Operation of Hydrodynamic Process Mechanical Activators in Constrained Conditions

To assess the possibility of using the acoustic emission method in the direction of selecting activators of hydrodynamic processes of rotary apparatuses (machines) for processing liquid media in constrained conditions, experimental studies of hydrodynamic and acoustic effects accompanying two main modes of their application were carried out: the first is operation in the mode of activator frequency cyclic change, the second is operation in the mode of fixed activator rotation frequency. Seven forms of hydrodynamic activators of three types (vane, turbine and disk) and a rotary pulse apparatus applied for disinfection of lubricants were used in the research. Using conventional and high-speed video, the main hydrodynamic effects accompanying the operation of each type of activator were identified, which were compared with the established acoustic effects and measurements of temperature and the Reynolds centrifugal criterion. According to the results of the research, the possibility and limitations of using the acoustic emission method for comparing the effectiveness of activators and modes of liquid treatment in rotary pulse devices in conditions of its turbulent motion are shown. Under constrained operating conditions of activators imitated by the width of the working chamber, an acoustic emission peak never described in literature earlier was revealed, which differs from the noise accompanying the turbulent movement of the liquid. The relationship between the change in the amplitude of the peak of acoustic emission with the rate of change in the rotation of the activators and the rate of pumping the medium through the working chamber of the rotary pulse apparatus is also established. The results obtained can be used to select and compare the form of activators of hydrodynamic processes, as well as to select and maintain an effective mode of disinfection of aqueous solutions.

Mutual synchronization of rotary pulses in coupled tunnel‐diode oscillator lattice loops

SummaryCoupled tunnel‐diode oscillator lattice loops are investigated to characterize the mutual synchronization of nonlinear rotary pulses. In a properly biased lattice loop, a pulsed phase wave autonomously rotates. When two loops are coupled, these pulses are supposed to be mutually synchronized to start rotating with a fixed phase difference. To quantify the synchronization properties of both the in‐phase and out‐of‐phase rotary pulses, two five‐cell loops that are point‐coupled by a capacitor are studied using bifurcation analyses with respect to the bias voltage and coupling capacitance. In‐phase pulses are allowed irrespective of the coupling capacitance, whereas relatively small coupling is favorable for out‐of‐phase pulses. Moreover, a solution exists whose phase difference continuously varies with the bias voltage, which bifurcates from the out‐of‐phase pulses through pitchfork bifurcation. This study presents the result from the bifurcation analyses. For validation of the rotary pulse in the coupled loops, we measured a breadboarded test circuit in both the frequency and time domains. The in‐phase, out‐of‐phase, and symmetry‐broken rotary pulses were detected successfully.

Моделирование процесса интенсификации экстракции изогумулона в роторно-пульсационном аппарате при помощи нейронных сетей

Introduction. Artificial neural networks are a popular tool of contemporary research and technology, including food science, where they can be used to model various technological processes. The present research objective was to develop an artificial neural network capable of predicting the content of isogumulone in a hop extract at given technological parameters of the rotary pulse generator. Study objects and methods. The mathematical modeling was based on experimental data. The isogumulone content in the hop extract I (mg/dm3) served as an output parameter. The input variables included: processing temperature t (°C), rotor speed n (rpm), processing time  (min), and the gap between the rotor teeth and stator s (mm). Results and discussion. The resulting model had the following parameters: two hidden layers, 30 neurons each; neuron activation function – GELU; loss function – MSELoss; learning step – 0.001; optimizer – Adam; L2 regularization at 0.00001; training set of four batches, 16 records each; 9,801 epochs. The accuracy of the artificial neural network (1.67%) was defined as the mean relative error. The error of the regression model was also low (2.85%). The neural network proved to be more accurate than the regression model and had a better ability to predict the value of the output variable. The accuracy of the artificial neural network was higher because it used test data not included in the training. The regression model when tested on test data showed much worse results. Conclusion. Artificial neural networks proved extremely useful as a means of technological modeling and require further research and application.

Criteria Dependences to Calculate the Process of Extracting Humic Acids from Peat and Vermicompost in a Rotary Pulse Apparatus

The regularities of the process of extraction of humic acids (HA) from peat and vermicompost in a rotary pulse apparatus (RPA) have been investigated. It was found that to calculate the mass transfer coefficient, it is necessary to determine the specific power and the values of the Prandtl diffusion criterion; with an increase in the time (number of cycles) of suspension treatment in the RPA, the calculated values of the Prandtl criterion increase and the mass transfer coefficient decreases; the mass transfer coefficient increases with an increase in the specific power consumed for the extraction of HA from peat and vermicompost in the RPA. On the basis of experimental studies, the coefficients in the criterion equation for the process of HA extraction from peat and vermicompost in RPA have been determined.

Injection‐locked rotary travelling pulse in closed tunnel‐diode line for multiphase oscillation

Injection-locking properties of a rotary travelling pulse developed in a system of tunnel-diode (TD) transmission lines are characterised for multiphase oscillation. The system includes a unique TD line loop coupled with evenly spaced straight TD lines. The oscillating voltage edges in straight lines are synchronised to organise the rotary pulse on the closed one. Based on the phase-reduction theory, the authors determine where to connect an external oscillator for sufficient locking frequency range. Inherently, the travelling pulse can rotate on the loop in either clockwise or anti-clockwise fashion. The rotation frequency slightly depends on the rotation direction by the finite fluctuation of device parameter values. By matching the frequency of the external oscillator with one of such frequencies, the rotation direction is specified as required. These injection-locking properties are validated experimentally.

ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ЭКСТРАГИРОВАНИЯ В РОТОРНОМ ИМПУЛЬСНОМ АППАРАТЕ С ПРОФИЛИРОВАННЫМ РОТОРОМ

ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ЭКСТРАГИРОВАНИЯ В РОТОРНОМ ИМПУЛЬСНОМ АППАРАТЕ С ПРОФИЛИРОВАННЫМ РОТОРОМ

Mechanically initiated gelation in solutions of chitosan with low degree of deacetylation

Mechanical activation of solutions of chitosan with low degree of deacetylation under the conditions of combined action of ultrasound and high shear stresses in a rotary pulse apparatus leads to the formation of physical hydrogels. Films capable to retain at repeated swelling up to 5000% water without dissolution were prepared by drying of the hydrogels.

Enhancement of pectin extraction from Daikon in a rotary pulse apparatus

Enhancement of pectin extraction from Daikon in a rotary pulse apparatus

Effect of mechanical activation on rheological and film-forming properties of suspensions of barium sulfate in chitosan solutions

The effect of hydroacoustic treatment in a rotary pulse apparatus on the rheological and film-forming properties of chitosan solutions containing a filler, barium sulfate, was examined. The sorption properties of films formed from the initial and mechanically activated dispersions toward copper ions and water vapor were determined.

Mechanical degradation of gelatinized starch upon hydroacoustic treatment

Mechanical degradation of gelatinized starch upon hydroacoustic treatment in a rotary pulse installation was studied by spectrophotometry of the iodine-starch complexes and analysis of the concentrations of the terminal reducing groups. The energy efficiency of hydroacoustic and ultrasonic mechanical degradation was estimated.

Structural Transformation of Starch Hydrogels Exposed to Strong Mechanical Field

Structural transformations of starch hydrogels during mechanical preparation of starch gelatinous materials with a rotary pulse apparatus were studied. Two concentration regions distinguished by the structural transformations of starch hydrogels under high shearing stress were revealed.

Microcontroller-driven gray scale plasma receiver

Plasma display panels, or PDPs, are widely used in industry. Special-purpose switches called rotary pulse generators (RPG) are used to control the various parameters of a picture on a plasma display panel: such as color, contrast, A/D rail and dot clock, which generate two different pulse patterns. When any control parameter needs to be increased or decreased, the corresponding RPG is rotated in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, resulting in the generation of two different kinds of patterns of pulses on the two channels. The width of pulses is typically 8 ms and the time difference between the two pulses is 3 ms. In this paper, a cost-effective technique to replace these switches using the MC68HC11E9 microcontroller is presented. The MC68HC11E9 is an advanced eight-bit microcontroller (MCU) with highly sophisticated on-chip peripheral capabilities. The input capture (IC) and output compare (OC) features of the MCU are used for the control logic. The control circuitry consists of an input block, MCU and an output selection block. The input block has debounced switches for each of the control parameters. A logic ‘high’ is detected on one of the IC lines, whenever the related switch is pressed, which results in the generation of a unique pulse pattern on the OC lines. The paper presents the hardware interface and the control software developed for MC68HC11E9 to implement the plasma display control.

高速放電加工機の試作 : パルス発電機式加工電源による実験

高速放電加工機の試作 : パルス発電機式加工電源による実験