Rostov Region Research Articles

Tomato breeding for open ground in the south of Russia

Relevance. Tomato is the most widespread vegetable crop in the southern regions of Russia and one of the most popular with the population in all natural and climatic zones of the country. The majority of products is produced in large vegetable-growing, farming and private household farms. One of the most important tasks is to improve the assortment taking into account natural and climatic conditions of cultivation and directions of use. In this regard, the selection of industrial tomato with a high level of flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors for the south of Russia is an urgent task. The aim of the study is to evaluate economically valuable features of perspective lines and new hybrids of tomato of industrial type, adapted to the conditions of southern Russia. Material and methodology. The work was carried out in the open field conditions of experimental production farm of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Industry (Moscow region) and Biryuchekutskaya vegetable breeding experimental station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Rostov region). The objects of research were breeding material and 6 perspective new hybrid combinations of tomato of selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution of the Russian Federation. Results and discussion. As a result of step-by-step study and selection, the most promising samples were identified for further use as source material for practical breeding: B-6-C-2014, VS-B-№7, VS-B-18, VS-B-20, VS-B-35, VS-B-38. As a result of the competitive testing, the best hybrid combinations were identified: F1 B-1, F1 B-2, F1 B-4, meeting the requirements of commercial production in the south of Russia. It is shown that the hybrid combination F1 B-2 exceeds both standard samples F1 Meteor and F1 Perfectpeel both in terms of total yield (by 10.9 t/ha and 9.6 t/ha), marketability of fruits, and dry matter content in fruits (6.1 % vs. 5.1% and 5.2 %). Taking into account the complex of economic characteristics, a precocious F1 hybrid of tomato F1 B-2 called F1 Profy has been submitted to the State Variety Testing, as it shows stable economic characteristics over several years of study.

The relevance for the institute of mediation in modern Russia

The article considers the problem of the relevance for the institute of mediation in Russia. Statistical data for the country concerning 2020 are presented and data for the Rostov region to the same period are analyzed. A comparative analysis is made with data for the same period in the Sverdlovsk region. The information and empirical base of the study consists of materials from: the website of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; the Association of Mediators of the Rostov region “Reconciliation”; “Reconciliation Rooms” in the Arbitration Court of the Sverdlovsk region. The methods of content analysis, statistical analysis, in-depth interviews, and a mass survey conducted among the employed population of the Rostov region aged 21 to 30 years were used. The study revealed: low awareness of respondents about the possibilities of using the mediation procedure, its structure and features; low level of modern mediation practice in the country. It is shown that in Russia today the courts are inundated with lawsuits, while mediation could well constructively solve many social problems. The necessity of creating favorable conditions for the development of mediation activity and its popularization is substantiated. The main reasons preventing the institution of mediation from becoming a popular activity among the population are identified: a low culture of conflict resolution, which in some cases leads to the avoidance of disputants from finding a suitable way to resolve it; a factor of insufficient confidence in the possibility of resolvinga dispute involving a third party. It is concluded that the lack of trust is primarily due to insufficient awareness of the population about the essence of the mediation procedure, about the legal status of the mediation agreement, which in the case of notarization has the force of an executive document. The wider use of all types of media, the increase in online platforms with the location of mediation webinars conducted by experienced specialists in this field will help spread the practice of mediation and will contribute to its early institutionalization.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПИТОМНИКОВОДСТВА ВИНОГРАДА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ НЕКОРНЕВЫХ ПОДКОРМОК

At present, the inclusion of foliar fertilization in the technology of growing grafted grape seedlings is becoming more widely used. Economy, efficiency, undoubted benefits of fertilization and the need to reduce the pesticide load on the soil encourage the study of modern fertilizers in practical use. In the conditions of the Rostov region in 2021-2022, the inclusion of foliar fertilization with modern preparations (Fertigrain Foliar and Juss Argentum Agro) in the technology of growing grafted grape seedlings of the Sibirkovyi, Stanichnyi, Varyushkin varieties on Kober 5 BB rootstock was studied. As a result of the research, the following was established: an increase in the length of growth: from 84.0 cm to 129.0-171.7 cm in seedlings of the Sibirkovyi grape variety; from 83.0 cm to 89.7-148.0 cm in seedlings of the Stanichnyi grape variety; from 43.7 cm to 51.3-96.7 cm in seedlings of Varyushkin grape variety; increase in the ripe part of growth: from 20.7 cm to 44.7-68.3 cm in seedlings of the Sibirkovyi grape variety; from 28.7 cm to 63.3-90.3 cm in seedlings of the Stanichnyi grape variety; from 21.0 cm to 33.3-54.0 cm in seedlings of Varyushkin grape variety; increase in the diameter of annual growth: from 5.6 mm to 7.4-9.1 mm in seedlings of the Sibirkovyi grape variety; from 5.1 mm to 7.0-9.3 mm in seedlings of the Stanichnyi grape variety; from 5.0 mm to 5.1-5.9 mm in seedlings of Varyushkin grape variety; an increase in the survival rate of seedlings on the nursery garden: from 22.4 % to 37.1-51.9 % in seedlings of the Sibirkovyi grape variety; from 34.3 % to 57.1-85.7 % for seedlings of the Stanichnyi grape variety; from 27.1 % to 29.0-48.1 % in seedlings of Varyushkin grape variety; increase in the final yield of seedlings: from 19.0 % to 31.6-44.1 % for seedlings of the Sibirkovy grape variety; from 29.1 % to 48.6-72.9 % in seedlings of the Stanichnyi grape variety; from 19.8 % to 24.2-38.2 % in seedlings of Varyushkin grape variety. Key words: GRAPES, GRAFTED SEEDLING, COMPLEX FERTILIZER, BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT, SURVIVAL RATE, YIELD OF SEEDLINGS

СОКРАЩЕНИЕ ПЕРИОДА СТРАТИФИКАЦИИ ПРИВИТОГО ПОСАДОЧНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ВИНОГРАДА ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СОРТОВ

Due to the fact that the classical technology of growing grafted grape seedlings does not provide producers and researchers with the necessary quantity and quality of planting material, in the conditions of the Rostov region in 2020-2022, the effectiveness of pre-inoculation treatment of grafting components with modern drugs of various nature was studied. The studied drugs were Humat+7, Cultimar, NanoKremniy and Radiopharm. According to the research results, for the period 2020-2022, it was found that the pre-inoculation treatment of grape grafting components with these drugs is effective. Stimulation of growth processes provides better callus formation during the stratification period, where on the 15th day after inoculation, the formation of a complete circular callus was noted in 72.2-93.9 % of grafts, which is 18.3-40.0 % more than in the control variant. When analyzing the quality of plants after inoculation, an increase in the number of first-class grafts was recorded from 56.7 % in the control to 64.4-95.0 % in the treated variants. There was also a decrease in the number of second-rate grafts from the lowest possible to 3.9 %. In addition, complete absence of rejections was noted in 6 out of 12 experimental variants with the use of drugs, and in the other 6 variants, where the rejections varied from 3.9 to 16.1 %, the rejecting value was 1.4-5.7 times less than in the control. The highest value of the final yield of seedlings was noted when the rootstock of the grafted seedlings was treated with a solution of the drug Humat +7 and amounted to 53.3 %. In general, all variants that were treated with drugs showed better results than the control variant treated only with water. Key words: GRAPES, CUTTING, VARIETY, SCION, ROOTSTOCK, STIMULANTS, REGULATORS, PAS, GRAFTING

The effect of the moisture availability rate on the productivity and nutritional value of sorghum crops

Productivity reduced by drought is quite common. There can be up to 60.0% of the harvest losses. This is especially true for forage crops. The purpose of the current work was to identify the dependence of productivity and quality of green mass of sorghum crops on moisture availability during a vegetation period of plants. Sudan grass variety Alice, sugar sorghum variety Yuzhnoye, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid variety Gustolistny were used as research objects. The study was carried out in the Rostov region. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary carbonate black earth (chernozem). In order to study the variability of productivity and nutritional qualities, the years with the HTC level from 0.34 to 0.88 with an interval of 0.8–1.2 (2018–2022) were taken into account. The trials were conducted according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing. When the HTC increased from 0.34 to 0.88, there was a tendency to improve green mass productivity by 23.3–35.0% and decrease the protein percentage by 41.80–55.54%. A negative relationship between the amount of crude protein and the HTC value was revealed (r = –0.78... –0.92). The digestible protein yield decreased by 22.22–31.03% with increasing moisture content. The largest mean value was identified for the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid with 0.70 t/ha and the sweet sorghum variety with 0.71 t/ha. The variation coefficient of fiber content was 2.16–5.42%, which indicated weak variability of the trait over the years, and, consequently, a weak dependence on the moisture availability rate, which was confirmed by the correlation analysis (r = –0.03...0.32). The largest value of the metabolic energy was found in the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (10.42–10.80 mJ/kg). At the same time, there was no dependence of this indicator, as well as the amount of feed units, on the moisture availability rate. The highest amount of digestible protein per feed unit was identified in sweet sorghum (83.4 g). A tendency to decrease this indicator by 22.6–42.5% was found as the HTC level increased (r = –0.69...–0.90).

ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА СОРТА ВИНОГРАДА МЕГРАБУЙР В УСЛОВИЯХ НИЖНЕГО ПРИДОНЬЯ

The paper presents the results of a technological assessment of red technical grapevine variety of interspecific origin of Armenian breeding Megrabuir, growing in the Don Ampelographic Collection named after Y.I. Potapenko" (Novocherkassk, Rostov region) in 2020–2022. The research was carried out in the laboratory of ampelography and technological assessment of grapevine varieties, in microwinemaking conditions. The weight of one batch of grapes was 5−15 kg. Samples of dry rose and red, as well as rose and red liqueur wines were prepared. The main physical and chemical parameters of must and wine have been determined. They all met the criteria of The National Standards. An organoleptic assessment of wine materials showed that all samples (dry red and rose, and liqueur) had a color characteristic of a certain type of wine, had a bright, complex aroma, with tones of berries, and light shades of flowers and herbs, had a balanced taste, and harmonious composition. Based on the results of the research, conclusions were drawn that the technical grapevine variety Megrabuir is promising for the preparation of various types of wines (dry rose, red, liqueur).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СОРТА ВИНОГРАДА ДУРМАН НА КОЛЛЕКЦИИ В НИЖНЕМ ПРИДОНЬЕ

The results of a 16-year study of the autoch-thonous Don grapevine variety Durman are pre-sented in comparison with the control variety Risling Rejnskij. The research was carried out in 2008−2023 at the Don ampelographic collec-tion named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocher-kassk, Rostov region). The varieties are culti-vated in a grafted (Kober 5 BB) cover crop. The study was carried out using generally ac-cepted methods in viticulture and National standards. According to the results of long-term observations, the Durman grapevine varie-ty has a high agrobiological potential in the cli-matic conditions of the Lower Don region (66% of open buds, 77% of fruitful shoots, fruiting coefficient 1.2, average bunch weight 173 g, yield 11.3 t/ha). The average estimated yield of the Risling Rejnskij variety was 4.5 t/ha, which is 2.5 times less than that of Dur-man variety. Durman variety has an early-medium ripening period (133 days). Upon reaching technological maturity, it accumulates 20.7 g/100 cm3 of sugars with a titratable acidi-ty of 6.5 g/dm3. Dry white wine from Durman variety is pale straw in color, the aroma has muscat-spicy tones, the taste is harmonious and full. Wine tasting score: 8.6 points. The wine from the control Risling Rejnskij variety re-ceived a score of 8.7 points. The article presents data from the molecular genetic passport of Durman variety (for six microsatellite loci). Based on the results of the studies, it was con-cluded that Durman grapevine variety is advis-able to use for producing high-quality dry white wines, as well as a mother form in breeding for crop quality. The disadvantage of this variety is functionally female type of flower, so it is rec-ommended to grow it in mixed plantings, inside an array, to improve the quality of pollination.

РАЗРАБОТКА МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ МАР-КЕТИНГОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

The article discusses the issues of improving the marketing activities of an enterprise as a necessary condition for ensuring the stable functioning of the or-ganization in the conditions of economic sanctions. Based on an analysis of the in-ternal and external environment, the strengths and weaknesses of AQUA-GROUP LLC, Salsk, Rostov region, engaged in the trade of auto chemical products for car washes, were identified, and opportunities and threats from the market were identi-fied. The main characteristics of the market for autochemical products in the Rus-sian Federation are highlighted. The structure of the industry has been studied, an analysis of competitors, suppliers and consumers of the auto chemicals market has been carried out. A strategy has been developed and measures for its implementa-tion have been planned, aimed at improving marketing activities, including search-ing for new suppliers in the context of import substitution, expanding the market of potential customers by entering new formats of trading platforms. An analysis of the most popular marketplaces was carried out, the principles of their operation, tariffs for delivery and storage of products were studied. A cargo transportation scheme for AQUA-GROUP LLC has been developed at the 1st and 2nd stages of developing sales on marketplaces. The additional profit received by entering the trading platforms of the Ozon and Yandex Market marketplaces was calculated.

Use of hybridization to develop new sorghum varieties and hybrids

Hybridization is the main method for developing new breeding material, obtaining genetic variability, and combining desired traits. The purpose of the current work is to characterize new promising varieties and hybrids of sweet and grass sorghum developed by the “ARC “Donskoy” because of hybridization on a sterile and fertile basis. The study was conducted on the breeding field of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, Zernograd, Rostov region in 2021–2023. The zone is characterized by ordinary carbonate chernozem (3.2 % of humus, 10–40 mg/kg of phosphorus, 70–110 mg/kg of nitrogen, 300–500 mg per kg of soil of potassium). Meteorological conditions during the years of study (2021–2023) were contrasting: in 2022, HTC = 0.52 indicated average aridity and insufficient moisture with 0.81–0.82 in 2021 and 2023. The objects of the study were the varieties and hybrids of Sudan grass and sugar sorghum developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. As a result of hybridization on a sterile basis, there was developed a number of sorghumSudan hybrids (‘Jetta x Kudesnitsa’, ‘APV-1115 x Topolina’, ‘APV-1115 x FP’, ‘Dobrynya’, ‘Gordey’) and sweet sorghum hybrids (‘APV-115 x Yuzhnoye’, ‘Jetta x Severanay Vishnya’, ‘Duet’), allowing to obtain green mass yields of 51–63 and 47–49 t/ha, which was higher than the standard by 5–17 t/ha (10.8–37.0 %) and 5–7 t/ha (11.9–16.7 %) respectively. Using intervarietal hybridization, almost all varieties developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” have been created. Among them there are the Sudan grass varieties ‘Alisa’, ‘Gratsiya’, ‘Anastasiya’, ‘Kudesnitsa’, ‘FP’ and the sweet sorghum varieties ‘Yuzhnoe’, ‘Feniks’, ‘Orfey’, ‘SK-20/334’, ‘Severanay Vishnya’ with a green mass yield of 40–48 and 34–38 t/ha, which is higher than that of standard varieties by 3–11 t/ha (8.1–29.7 %) and 7–11 t/ha (25.9–40.7 %), respectively. Thus, hybridization is the main method for developing new breeding material and combining the desired traits in new samples.

The risks of healthcare-associated infections in healthcare settings of the Rostov region

Objective: to analyze the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in healthcare settings of the Rostov region and the risks of their occurrence in order to develop proposals for improving the complex of anti-epidemic and preventive measures to prevent HAIs in healthcare settings of the Rostov region at present.Materials and methods: the materials for the work were data from reports "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Rostov region" during 2009–2022, inspection reports and instructions from officials of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in the Rostov region, expert opinions of specialists from the filial of the Federal Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Rostov Region" in Rostov-on-Don on selective inspection of healthcare setting in 2021-2023. The work used an operative and retrospective epidemiological analysis.Results: the results of the analysis of the incidence of HAIs and the risks of their occurrence in healthcare settings of the Rostov region distinctly demonstrated the relevance of the problem of HAIs. To ensure the safety of medical care in the Rostov region, additional professional training programs about prevention of HAIs have been developed for medical workers.Conclusion: the results obtained made it possible to identify the risks of HAIs and propose specific measures to improve the complex of anti-epidemic and preventive measures to prevent HAIs in healthcare settings of the Rostov region.

ENERGY POTENTIAL OF AGROBIOMASS IN KRASNODAR, STAVROPOL AND ROSTOV REGIONS

At present the use of organic waste for energy production has become a significant part of the world energy industry. Thereby both the problem of energy supply and waste disposal are solved. In connection with the large volumes of annually formed resource, the ability to provide inexpensive logistics and the demand for ener gy at the level of local consumption the task of recycling agricultural waste is of particular interest. The paper presents a methodology for assessing the crop waste energy potential, taking into account the type of crops, the energy content and specific features of their processing to produce thermal energy. The regions of the Russian Federation leading in the production of cereals, sunflower and corn, i. e. Stavropol Territory, Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region, were chosen as study areas, both due to the significant energy potential and the available experience of producing energy from wastes in the South of Russia. The quantities of thermal energy that can be obtained from the waste of these crops are determined (the totals for all crops are 14 600 000, 30 500 000 and 29 100 000 million Gcal/year for the regions, respectively), as well as the share of heat supply coverage in the residential sector of the regions (124, 120 and 160%, respectively). The cluster analysis methods allowed identifying groups of districts that are self-sufficient in terms of the local energy resource, as well as potential “donors” of fuel from waste. The results are displayed on charts and a series of maps.

Variability of broomrape parasitizing on sunflower during its intensive cultivation in the regions of the Russian Federation

Annual monitoring of broomrape seed infestation of fields over the last 15 years shows that despite the widespread distribution of race G, seeds of other, weaker races E and F remain in many fields. The aim of the research was to identify the racial belonging of broomrape seeds from fields in sunflower-growing regions of the Russian Federation and to describe new botanical characteristics in representatives of the most widespread race G of the parasite. To identify the races, there were used the internationally accepted sunflower differential lines LC 1093, P 96, resistant to races A to F, as well as the original line RG, which is immune to race G and all previous races, hybrid NK Brio (resistant to races A to E) and hybrid Tunka (resistant to races A to G). A highly aggressive parasite biotype (future race H) has so far been identified in small numbers in some fields in the Krasnodar, Stavropol, Rostov, Voronezh, Samara and Orenburg regions. Obviously, the continuation of intensive sunflower cultivation in these fields will lead to a rapid spread of race H in these regions. In addition to the racial diversity, frequent changes in plant habitus (bushy forms) were observed in some representatives of race G. For the first time, there has been demonstrated an overgrowth of the haustorial-tubercle area of the parasite and the formation of multiple stems from a single tubercle. This creates an advantage in the competition for food between adjacent broomrape individuals on the same sunflower root and ultimately accelerates and increases the seed production of the plant. The rapid evolution of Orobanche cumana Wallr. during the intensification of sunflower cultivation is expressed not only in the formation of new physiological races, but also in an accelerated increase in the seed productivity of the parasite by changing the habitus of the plants, including the haustorial-tubercle area.

Grain quality of <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. depending on the growth regulators

Relevance. In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the acreage of Hordeum vulgare L. In view of this, it is necessary to look for techniques to ensure the stability of gross grain collections. Especially considering its versatile use in the food industry and feed industry.Methods. The experiments were conducted in 2022 in the conditions of the Azov sea zone of the Rostov region. The objects of research are varieties of spring barley (factor A) Leon, Yarunchik, Prairie and growth regulators (factor B) “Artafit” (0.3 l/ha), “Biodux” (3 ml/ha), “Obereg” (60 ml/ha), “Trainer” (3 l/ha), “Fulvohumate” (0.4 l/ha), used in the “tillering” and “earing” phases.Results. The highest yield was formed by barley plants under the action of the drug «Biodux» in Leon and Prairie varieties. Under the influence of Biodux, the grain had a large natural mass in all the studied varieties — from 622 to 630 g/l. The weight of 1000 grains in the variants with the use of growth-regulating substances exceeded the control, especially with the use of Biodux: 3.5 g more control in the Leon variety, 5 g more in the Yarunchik variety, 3.1 g more in the Prairie variety. The largest number of feed units has been received: in the Leon variety — when using the preparations «Biodux» and «Obereg», in the Prairie variety — the preparation «Biodux» (4.49 t /ha). More than 3 t/ha of digestible protein was obtained from Leon and Prairie varieties with “Biodux” preparation — 3.15 t/ha and 3.14 t/ha, respectively.

Assessment of the influence of the toxic effect of municipal solid waste on the ecological state of the soil

Introduction. Тhe municipal solid waste of pollution negatively affects on the state of the environment, since during their storage on the territory of landfills and the adjacent territory, accumulation of heavy metals (HM) can change the biological indicators of soil conditions: microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic.
 The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the toxic effect of the municipal waste landfill “Azov” in the Rostov region on the ecological state of the soil. 
 Materials and methods. It was explored the influence of municipal solid waste landfill “Azov” of the Rostov region on the ecological condition of the ordinary chernozem in the landfill and adjacent territory (140, 260, 380, and 540 m). The content of heavy metals in the soil, such as chromium (Cr), strontium (Sr), zinc (Zn), vanadium (V), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were defined. The ecological state is assessed by sensitive and informative-biological indicators of soil pollution: the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the total prevalence of soil bacteria, the activity of catalase, dehydrogenases. 
 Results. Soils were found to contaminate with arsenic by MAC / TAC (exceeding the MAC by 7 times at the landfill and exceeding the MAC by 4 to 6 times in the territory). Pollution with heavy metals according to German MACs with chromium exceeded by 1.4 times). The highest concentration of heavy metals prevailed in the body of the landfill. Depending on distance from the landfill the concentration of heavy metals in the soil decreased. HM contamination leads to negative consequences for the ecological state of ordinary chernozem: the total number of bacteria decreases (until to 95% of the control), the number of the genus Azotobacter decreases (up to 95% of the control), the activity of catalase (up to 25% of the control) and dehydrogenase decreases (up to 30% of control) and increased soil phytotoxicity (up to 60% of control). It can be concluded that the exploitation of the landfill leads to a deterioration of the environmental situation on the territory of the landfill and beyond.
 Limitations. The ecotoxic effect of HMs on soils less buffered to pollution will be higher than on the chernozems studied in the article.
 Conclusion. The Landfill “Azov” was found to impact on the microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic parameters of the soil negatively. This problem connects with influence of heavy metals which get into the soil of during the operation of the landfill. The most sensitive and informative biological indicators are total number of bacteria and length of radish roots.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ СОСУЩИХ ВРЕДИТЕЛЕЙ

The article presents the actual results of observations on the prevalence of sugescent pests in the Rostov region, the dynamics of abundance, population, and the peculiarities of the phenological development of pests on technical varieties, depending on meteorological conditions. It is noted that an air temperature of +14 ... +30 ºC and a relative humidity of 52 % are necessary to maintain viability and fertility. The eggs of the buffalo ceresa leafhopper overwinter in the branches and trunks of trees of woody species, often in young annual shoots. The female ovipositor cuts the bark and lays eggs in two rows of 5-11 eggs. Damage by the buffalo ceresa leafhopper causes a violation of the flow of nutrients to the tops of shoots, weakening and a sharp decrease in their growth. The rose leafhopper gives up to 4 generations during the summer. Damaged leaves turn yellow, photosynthesis processes are disrupted in them, plant nutrition deteriorates, which affects the reduction of economically valuable indicators. The presence of sucking pests increases the risk of spreading viral diseases. Insecticides and phytosanitary monitoring are most effective in fruit-bearing vineyards only in combination with high agricultural techniques of cultivation. In this connection, there is a decrease in yield losses and environmental pollution with chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with weeds in a timely manner, to carry out maintenance work to ensure good ventilation of grape bushes, to regularly carry out phytosanitary monitoring of the population with sugescent pests and diseases, to carry out row-to-row tillage. Chemical treatments are necessary only if the threshold number of pests is exceeded. The article provides suggestions on how to contain the number of pests at a low level to obtain an environmentally safe grape yield.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ИТОГИ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ВСЕРОССИЙСКОГО НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОГО ИНСТИТУТАВИНОГРАДАРСТВА И ВИНОДЕЛИЯ ИМЕНИ Я.И. ПОТАПЕНКО – ФИЛИАЛА ФГБНУ «ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ РОСТОВСКИЙ АГРАРНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЦЕНТР» ЗА 2023 ГОД

The article presents the results of scientific research conducted by the ARRIV&W – branch of the FSBSI FRARC in 2023. As a result of the research, new knowledge was obtained in the field of viticulture and winemaking, data was obtained on the agrobiological potential of autochthonous and introduced varieties in the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko, systematization and digitalization of ampelographic resources data was carried out, 3 databases of grape ampelographic resources and the conditions of their growth were created. Varieties resistant to harmful organisms have been identified. Recommendations on the variety assortment and direction of use of autochthonous and introduced varieties have been developed. A method for storing grape plants in in vitro culture, methods for forming a collection and long-term non-transplant storage of grape plants in in vitro culture, ensuring non-transplant storage of microplants for up to 10-12 months have been developed. Breeding material was obtained: 25 sources of valuable traits (large size, productivity, resistance to mildew), 21 seedlings were selected as elite. Two grape varieties were submitted to the State Varietal Testing. An improved technology for obtaining basic planting material has been developed. The technology of adaptation to non-sterile conditions has been improved. Technologies for the production of planting material using PAS and elicitors have been developed. Seven modifications of high-standard grape formations have been developed, and optimal agro-technical parameters for cultivating grapes under various cultivation methods have been determined. Based on the analysis of geophysical, geological, climatic and soil characteristics, experimental data were obtained on the zoning of vineyard lands in the Rostov region, the determination of ecological, agrobiological, technological parameters that determine the terroirs of the Rostov region, the development of technologies that improve the quality wine products.

Clinical and epidemiological features of ulcerative colitis in children of the Rostov region

Russian data on the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), confirm the general global trend towards an increase in IBD, taking into account age-related as well as regional characteristics, which determined the purpose of this study. The purpose of the study. To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological features of the course of ulcerative colitis in children of Rostov-on-Don. Materials and methods. We observed 42 children aged from 1 to 14 years with a diagnosis of UC, which was made on the basis of anamnesis, clinical picture, laboratory test results, colonoscopy data, and morphological examination of the colon mucosa. UC activity was assessed taking into account the PUCAI index. Results. For the period from 2014 to 2023 On the basis of the pediatric somatic department of city hospital No. 20 in Rostov-on-Don, UC was diagnosed in 42 children aged 1 to 14 years, which amounted to 1.48% of the total number of patients with chronic intestinal diseases (2822 people). There was an increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis from 2014 to 2023 (from 0.32% to 2.52%) with maximum values in 2021-2023. Conclusion. Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown an increase in the incidence of UC in children of Rostov-on-Don over the past 10 years. It has been established that ulcerative colitis is more often detected in the preschool group of children. The incidence of ulcerative colitis was higher in boys than in girls. A high degree of family history of children with UC was revealed for diseases of the digestive system, delivery by Caesarean section, artificial feeding in the first year of life, and acute intestinal infections. In the UC clinic, milder, erased forms of the disease dominated, which determined the later diagnosis of the disease at the prehospital stage.

Chondrichthyan fishes from the Middle Eocene Osinovaya Formation of Rostov Region, Russia

ABSTRACT A new chondrichthyan assemblage comprising 27 genera is described from the Middle Eocene Osinovaya Formation of the Bystraya River Basin, Morozovsk District of Rostov Region, in the southern part of European Russia. The Morozovsk assemblage consists of 21 genera and 24 species of shark, 5 genera and species of batoid and a single genus and species of chimaeroid fish (Edaphodon sp.). A composition of the assemblage is characterised by the coexistence of Otodus sokolovi, O. auriculatus, Isurolamna bajarunasi, Macrorhizodus praecursor, Jaekelotodus trigonalis and Brachycarcharias lerichei and indicates the Lutetian age of the deposits (possibly middle – upper Lutetian because of the presence of O. sokolovi together with O. auriculatus). This corresponds to the previous dating of the Osinovaya Formation. Lamniformes (12 taxa) and Myliobatiformes (5 taxa) are dominated in assemblage between elasmobranchs, characterising the inner to middle neritic warm-water environments. The Morozovsk elasmobranch assemblage belongs to the European paleobiogeographic region and shows a great similarity with the previously known coeval assemblages from the Western Europe, as well as with Uzbek assemblages from the adjacent Crimean-Caucasian paleobiogeographic region. Scarce data on chimaeroid fishes show that only the genus Edaphodon is rarely present in shallow-water environments and only in the European paleobiogeographic region.

Dependence of the Pea Grain Yield on Climatic Factors under Semi-Arid Conditions

Field peas are one of the most common crops and are grown in various climatic zones. However, the productivity of this crop can be largely limited by climatic factors. This study investigated the influence of climatic factors on pea grain yield in the semi-arid conditions of the Rostov region of Russia in 2008–2020. To quantify climatic factors, agro-climatic variables were used, such as total temperatures below the minimum temperature, the number of days with temperatures below the minimum temperature, total temperatures above the critical temperature, the number of days with temperatures above the critical temperature, and the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient. Agro-climatic variables were calculated using daily climatic variables, such as maximum and minimum temperatures, relative air humidity, and precipitation during pea growing season (April–June). The yield of the pea varied from 90 to 250 kg/ha. In general, the productivity of peas is negatively affected by high temperatures and low humidification level. The yield is negatively correlated with accumulative temperatures above the critical temperature and the number of days with temperatures above the critical temperature and positively correlated with the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and the precipitation in all analyzed areas. The influence of the accumulative temperatures above the critical temperature is the most significant. It explains between 6.6% and 78.9% of the interannual variability of the pea yield. The increase in accumulative temperatures above the critical threshold by every 1 °C will contribute to a decrease in pea grain yield by an average of 0.150 kg/ha. The maximum temperatures in May and June (the period of flowering–grain filling) have the most negative impact on the yield. A 1 °C increase in the average maximum temperature during this period will contribute to a decrease in pea yield by an average of 19.175 kg/ha. The influence of total precipitation during the growing season explains between 12.3% and 50.0% of the variability. The 1 mm decrease in the total precipitation for the growing season will lead to a decrease in pea yields by an average of 0.736 kg/ha. The results of this study can be applied to regional yield forecasting, as well as predicting the impact of climate variability on the grain yield of pea crops in arid areas.

Veblen was Right: Why People Seek Unaffordable Cars

We study the connection between financialization and consumerism, and claim that greater availability of consumer loans affects consumerist culture and promotes the institution of conspicuous consumption. We extend the ideas of Thorstein Veblen who coined the term of “conspicuous consumption” to illustrate our thinking with the empirical evidence on car purchases financed through bank loans in Russia’s Rostov Region. We find that leveraged car buying has become embedded over the past 20 years. Social positioning drives people to seek more expensive cars, whereas getting a bank loan allows to buy an otherwise unaffordable car. We see a sign of conspicuousness in the fact that household income grows slower than the average price of a new car financed by a car loan, as well as the amount of loans. Our contribution is that a basic concept of institutional theory (conspicuous consumption) is combined with elements from other research approaches, namely the social significance of bank lending, functional differentiation of credit, and the effects of financialization.