Rose Research Articles

Cold tolerance identification of nine Rosa L. materials and expression patterns of genes related to cold tolerance in Rosa hybrida.

Members of the Rosa genus have a high ornamental value, but their cultivation area is limited by their sensitivity to cold temperatures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cold tolerance of a range of Rosa materials, and then determine which genes were related to cold tolerance. Nine Rosa materials were subjected to a cold treatment. To identify genes related to cold tolerance, R. hybrida was treated at -15°C for 10 min, and leaves collected before and after this treatment were collected for RNA-Seq analyses. The transcript profiles of four DEGs (POD17, NDUFA9, PMA1, and b-Amy1) in R. hybrida were determined by qRT-PCR at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h at -15°C. Nine Rosa materials were subjected to a cold treatment, and the most cold-tolerant materials were identified as those that showed the lowest levels of electrolyte leakage and the best recovery after 30 d of growth. The most cold-tolerant materials were Rosa hybrida, Rosa rugosa 'Pingyin 12', and Rosa rugosa. In total, 204 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 88 were significantly up-regulated and 116 were significantly down-regulated under cold conditions. Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that the DEGs were enriched in 57 pathways, especially starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, MAPK signaling, fructose and mannose metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. By transcriptional analysis, PMA1, which was related to H+ ATPase activity, was continuously up-regulated, but the transcript levels of POD17, NDUFA9, and β-Amy1 fluctuated during the freezing treatment. This research uncovered scarce cold-resistant materials and layed the foundation for further research on the cold tolerance mechanism of Rosa plants and the breeding of cold-tolerant varieties.

Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Rosa Sericea a medicinal plant

Plants have majorly been used for medicinal purposes since the Vedic era. Since the dawn of time, flowering or aromatic plants have been playing an important part in humanity. Medicinal Plant-based treatments are currently used by approximately 80% of the world’s population due to their low cost, high availability, fewer side effects, and other factors. One of these plants is Rosa sericea, sometimes called the silky rose. Rosa species is a Rosaceae genus that generates medicinal natural products like polyphenolic and terpenoid compounds, which are utilized in a range of traditional medicines. It is indigenous to some parts of northern India and in some parts of southwest China. Medicinal effects can be found in almost every part of the plant. Fruits and seeds are the parts of plants that are utilized as remedies. Rosa plants are used to cure many diseases like headaches, cancer, liver complications, etc. Many fruits of this genus are highly rich in minerals and vitamins, particularly rich in vitamins A, C, and E, and flavonoids and other bioactive substances are also present. Rosa sericea has been used in various research for its pharmacological properties, there is a gap or lack of knowledge on production methods. The review’s goal is to provide academics, healthcare practitioners, and politicians with a systematic way to organize massive amounts of incomprehensible data so that they may quickly incorporate existing data and make balanced decisions. The findings of this study suggest the extension of traditional medicinal usage of the examined plants for the treatment of all of the diseases indicated above. The current review seeks to incorporate some available information on the ethnobotany, phytological, and ecology of this genus as well as its therapeutic features.

Rose bud extract as a natural antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus: Mechanisms and application in maintaining pork safety

Pingyin rose bud extract (RBE) may serve as a green antibacterial agent replacing chemically synthesized agents, but its potential antibacterial activity and mechanisms were not well studied. In the present study, RBE component was analyzed through untargeted metabolomics. Then, Staphylococcus aureus was taken as research subject, and the action mechanisms of RBE in Luria–Bertani broth and its elimination efficiency in pork were studied. The results indicated that fatty acids were the most abundant category of antibacterial substances. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of RBE against S. aureus were 0.19 and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. Cell wall and membrane disruptions were observed in S. aureus treated with RBE. 865 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through transcriptome analysis (≥2-fold change, P < 0.05); DEGs related to two-component systems, DNA replication, and cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance were significantly affected. RBE can control the contamination of S. aureus in cooked pork without adversely impacting odor, pH, and color. Findings from this study revealed that RBE demonstrated good antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus, and can be used as a natural antimicrobial agent in cooked pork for maintaining food safety.

Modernity in the Poetry of Nima Yoshij and Baland Al-Haidari A comparative study

This research discusses the issue of modernity in contemporary Persian and Arabic poetry. The researcher chose the Iranian poet Nima Yoshij, who is considered one of the pioneers of modernity in contemporary Iranian poetry, and the Iraqi poet Baland Al-Haidari, who is also one of the pioneers of modernity in contemporary Iraqi poetry.&#x0D; Through their poetry, the two poets expressed the themes of modernity that entered the world of poetry and literature, and that are based on modernist concepts with a new and contemporary vision in harmony with their time; The two poets explained their aspirations and hopes, and the hopes and issues of society. The poet is a member of the community who feels his suffering, his concerns and his ambitions and expresses them in the most sincere way. It seems that the poets have benefited from their experiences and their culture of roses in updating the poem in form and content.&#x0D; The researcher also chose models from the poems of the two poets (Nima Yoshij and Baland Al-Haidari) that included modern themes through which the two poets dealt with various (new) individual and societal issues and other human issues.

Morphological and biochemical diversity in Rosa species

The Rosa L. is one of the widely grown plants in the world and its flowers and fruits has been used in different parts of the world for centuries. Wild grown Rosa plants is one of the most important element of the natural landscape and used as rootstock for roses for centuries as well. In this study the main flower, shrub and fruit characteristics of a large number of Rosa canina L. and Rosa dumalis Bechst. genotypes naturally found in Ardahan province of Turkey has been studied. All plants found very health conditions and indicated their strong defense mechanism of the genera to harsh abiotic and biotic conditions. The majority of genotypes had attractive flowers. The genotypes exhibited fruit mass between 2.81 g to 4.60 g. SSC (soluble solid content), vitamin C, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and total anthocyanin content of the genotypes ranged from 15.8–20.6%, 502–714 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 405–507 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, 1.02–2.00 mg per g FW, 8.40–13.30 mg per g FW and 4.35–6.98 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per liter, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined between 22.3–30.9 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g fresh weight. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acids in fruits of Rosa ecotypes. Our results indicated promising perspectives for usage of R. canina and R. dumalis fresh fruits studied with considerable levels of bioactive compounds.

THE EFFICIENCY OF APHIDIUS ROSAE HALIDAY (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) IN REGULATING THE NUMBERS OF MACROSIPHUM ROSAE (L.) (HEMIPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON PLANTS OF THE GENUS ROSA L.

This is a fist report on the results of studies on the effect of the natural entomophagous parasitoid Aphidius rosae on the population dynamics of Macrosiphum rosae (L.) on plants of the genus Rosa L. in the arboretum and collection nurseries of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden located north of the Arctic Circle – in Kirovsk, in a protected area (67°39′05″N, 33°40′20″E, 387 m above sea level) and in Apatity, in an experimental site (67°56′41″N, 33°40′31″E, 175 meters above sea level). Average M. rosae numbers in the Kirovsk site varied in July and August from 5 to 60 individuals/leaf, and in Apatity in June, July, and August the population density of some colonies exceeded 90 individuals/leaf. In 2017, M. rosae mummies appeared in the Apatity experimental site in late May-early June on plants of Rosa amblyotis and R. rugosa. In the Kirovsk site, M. rosae mummies appeared only in August – September, mainly on R. rugosa and R. majalis. In 2018 and 2020, significant numbers of M. rosae mummies were observed from July to September in both sites. High biological efficiency (up to 90 %) was observed when the parasite : host ratio in the aphid colony was 1:30. However, the efficiency of A. rosae varies greatly among years, so constant monitoring is required for regulation and possible introduction to core infection areas. Our results evidence that the presence of natural entomophagous parasitoids A. rosae in M. rosae colonies on plants of the genus Rosa restrains the growth of the pest’s numbers to an environmentally safe level in the second half of the growing season and prevents mass outbreaks of the infection.

Rosa davurica Pall., a useful Rosa species for functional rose hip production with high content of antioxidants and multiple antioxidant activities in hydrophilic extract

Fruits of the genus Rosa plants are called rose hips. The common hips of R. canina are well known as a rich source of antioxidants like ascorbic acid and polyphenols. To investigate availability in the hips in Rosa spp., wild Rosa hips originating from East Asia, i.e. R. acicularis, R. davurica, R. multiflora and R. rugosa were evaluated in terms of the content of antioxidants and antioxidant ability in the hydrophilic extracts. The hips from R. glauca originating from south Europe and its interspecific hybrids (‘Kitaayaka’ and ‘Consared’), and purchased R. canina hips were also examined. In addition to the colorimetric detections of DPPH and ORAC, ESR–ST methods were employed for evaluating antioxidant ability, which can determine scavenging activities against naturally–occurring ROS i.e. superoxide anion radical (·O2–), hydroxyl radical (HO·), alkoxyl radical (RO·) and singlet oxygen (1O2), individually. The hips of R. davurica and ‘Consared’ showed quite high values in both the total content of ASA plus DHA (40.8–103.1 g/kg DW) and total polyphenols (119.2–161.5 g quercetin eq./kg DW) regardless of the years collected. They also had high antioxidant activities against each radical compared to other rose hips, and thus their antioxidant ability seems multiple. Both ASA and polyphenols could scavenge radicals of ROO· and 1O2, since significant correlations (P< 0.05) were confirmed. However, polyphenols might have greater contribution to the antioxidant activities, because the correlation coefficients were higher in total polyphenols than ASA. R. davurica can be one of the useful genetic resources for breeding cultivars which will bear antioxidant–rich rose hips, since ‘Consared’ is a progeny of R. davurica × glauca.

Data collection research methods in applied linguistics. HeathRose, JimMcKinley, and JessicaBriggs Baffoe‐Djan. London:Bloomsbury, (2020). x+296 pp.

Data collection research methods in applied linguistics. HeathRose, JimMcKinley, and JessicaBriggs Baffoe‐Djan. London:Bloomsbury, (2020). x+296 pp.

Захист інтенсивних яблуневих садів від комплексу фітофагів у степовій зоні України

According to long-term surveys of apple plantations in Ukraine, they are da maged by an unpaired western bark beetle (Xyleborus dispar F.). The share of this pest colonizing perennial plantations in Ukraine is about 30%, and there is also a tendency of spreading colonization of this type of production tracts over fruit plantations. The prevalence of bark beetle in production areas of orchards has increased significantly in recent years. Unpaired pest, unlike many other species of bark beetles, completely destroys healthy trees. The increase in the number and harmfulness of odd western bark beetle is associated with climate change, the use of various protection systems, etc. Nowadays measures to reduce the number of this species consisted only of a mechanical technique (cutting and burning dam-aged trees) and spraying of garden plantings in the phase of “swelling of the buds ‒ beginning of budding” with old insecticides of second generation (metaphos, chlorophos, carbophos, etc). Pruning and burning damaged trees are an ineffective measures to reduce the number of pests in orchards. The expediency of testing a number of modern insecticides is urgent and effective against a complex of phytophages in the “green cone” phase ‒ “ Rose bud” (beetle, goose, budworm, apple blossom beetle, aphids, leafworms) ‒ “end of flowering” (leafworms, aphids) and can be effective against the western unpaired bark beetle. The basis was the du-ration of action and the peculiarities of the mechanism of action of these insecticides (contact intestinal action ‒ Aktara 240 SC, HP, Mospilan, P. P., Calypso 480 SC , etc. and contact, par-tially systemic action with fumigation effect ‒ Bi‑58 new, etc., Pirinex Super, etc., Danadim stable, etc., Danadim Mix, etc., Fufanon 570, etc.). The use of the drugs mentioned above (for double treatment of plantings) demonstrated high technical efficiency against openly living phytophages (for the first treatment of plantations ‒ against aphids, leafworms, garden wee-vils and tube worms, for the second treatment ‒ against aphids, leafworms), which amounted to 91,3‒99,2%. The western unpaired bark beetle (Xyleborus dispar F.) is a permanent species in the industrial areas of the apple tree. And therefore, protecting trees from it in industrial plantings should be an integral part of modern technology for obtaining fruit products. Un-doubtedly, the application of the complex of insecticides Bi‑58 new, к.е. (2,0 l/ha), Pirinex Super, к.е. (1,25 l/ha), Danadim stable, etc. (2,0 l/ha), Danadim Mix, etc. (2,0 l/ha), Fufanon 570, E.C. (2,0 l/ha) is a highly effective method for reducing the harmfulness of the western unpaired bark beetle in industrial plantations of apple trees, an economically beneficial meth-od in the modern intensive protection technologies.

Analysis on Productivity and Efficiency of Greenhouse Rose Farming

Analysis on Productivity and Efficiency of Greenhouse Rose Farming

Diverse and strain-specific metabolites patterns induced by fungal endophytes in grape cells of different varieties

The potential for endophytes to initiate changes in host secondary metabolism has been well documented. However, the mechanisms underlying endophyte-plant metabolic interactions are still poorly understood. Here, we analysed the effects of fungal endophytes on the metabolite profiles of grape cells from two cultivars: 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (CS) and 'Rose honey' (RH). Our results clearly showed that co-culture with endophytic fungi greatly modified the metabolic profiles in grape cells of both varieties. Treatments with endophytic fungal strains caused the numbers of detected metabolites to vary from 10 to 19 in CS cells and from 8 to 14 in RH cells. In addition, 5 metabolites were detected in all CS cell samples, while 4 metabolites were detected in all RH cell samples. Some endophytic fungal strains could even introduce novel metabolites into the co-cultured grape cells. The metabolic profiles of grape leaves shaped by endophytic fungi exhibited host selectivity and fungal strain specificity. In this assay, the fungal strains RH32 (Alternaria sp.) and MDR36 (Colletotrichum sp.) triggered an increased response of the detected metabolites, including the greatest increase in the metabolite contents in grape cells of both cultivars. No obvious effects in terms of metabolite numbers and contents in grape cells when co-cultured with fungal strains RH7 (Epicoccum sp.) and RH48 (Colletotrichum sp.) were observed. The results of this experiment suggest that endophytic fungi could be used to control the metabolic profiles of grapes and thus increase grape quality.

Art and Form: From Roger Fry to Global Modernism by Sam Rose

A book review of Sam Rose, Art and Form: From Roger Fry to Global Modernism. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019. 208 pp. ISBN 9780271082387.

Rhizosphere microbial communities associated to rose replant disease: links to plant growth and root metabolites

Growth depression of Rosa plants at sites previously used to cultivate the same or closely related species is a typical symptom of rose replant disease (RRD). Currently, limited information is available on the causes and the etiology of RRD compared to apple replant disease (ARD). Thus, this study aimed at analyzing growth characteristics, root morphology, and root metabolites, as well as microbial communities in the rhizosphere of the susceptible rootstock Rosacorymbifera ‘Laxa’ grown in RRD-affected soil from two sites (Heidgraben and Sangerhausen), either untreated or disinfected by γ-irradiation. In a greenhouse bioassay, plants developed significantly more biomass in the γ-irradiated than in the untreated soils of both sites. Several plant metabolites detected in R. corymbifera ‘Laxa’ roots were site- and treatment-dependent. Although aloesin was recorded in significantly higher concentrations in untreated than in γ-irradiated soils from Heidgraben, the concentrations of phenylalanine were significantly lower in roots from untreated soil of both sites. Rhizosphere microbial communities of 8-week-old plants were studied by sequencing of 16S rRNA, ITS, and cox gene fragments amplified from total community DNA. Supported by microscopic observations, sequences affiliated to the bacterial genus Streptomyces and the fungal genus Nectria were identified as potential causal agents of RRD in the soils investigated. The relative abundance of oomycetes belonging to the genus Pythiogeton showed a negative correlation to the growth of the plants. Overall, the RRD symptoms, the effects of soil treatments on the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community revealed striking similarities to findings related to ARD.

Building Global Sisterhood in Post-Colonial India in Nayantara Sahgal’s Rich Like Us

This paper examines the representation of global sisterhood between Rose, a working-class British immigrant woman, and Sonali, an upper class Indian female civil servant, in Nayantara Sahgal’s Rich Like Us. The novel centers on the Emergency, India’s period of political upheaval from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency across the county. Rose and Sonali are both searching for their true identity and independence in a rapidly changing India. I argue that this cross-cultural relationship expresses the author’s perspective of the new Indo-British experience in postcolonial India. These two women that Sahgal calls “twin souls” build their bond based on their common marginalization within patriarchal upper-class India by sharing emotional conflicts against unfair treatment. However, this solidarity of privileged women fails to garner any meaningful change in postcolonial India when it excludes subaltern voices from the narrative by repeating the same mistake patriarchical society imposes on them.

Plant Metaphors in Indonesian Proverbs

This research was related to the use of plant metaphors in Indonesian proverbs. It was aimed to describe (1) the use of the name of the plants in Indonesian proverbs; (2) plant metaphorical interpretation in Indonesian proverbs. The data used were written data from the Indonesian proverbs dictionary by Badudu and the collection of proverbs by Lestari. The proverbs in the proverb book collections were observed, collected, and selected based on the topic using the plant names in Indonesian proverbs. The result shows that there are plant names used in the proverbs. Those are (1) the parts of the plant consisting of seeds, roots, stems, branches, leaves, and flowers; (2) plant classification based on the seed is dicot and monocot. Dicot plant includes pomegranate, nuts, coffee, jackfruit, yam, chili, ‘cempedak’, durian, limes, and pepper. In contrast, monocot plants are bamboo, cucumber, rice, grass, sugar cane, roses, bananas, corn, coconut, turmeric, and betel. The interpretation of the metaphorical meanings shows that proverbs tell the plants as a representation of strength and weakness, good attitude, fortune, the simple life, and the bad things.

Maths and Roses

Το θέμα της εργασίας μας βασίζεται στη συσχέτιση των μαθηματικών εννοιών με τη λογοτεχνία. Το βασικό ερευνητικό ερώτημα αφορά το πώς έννοιες των μαθηματικών είναι δυνατόν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την παραγωγή λογοτεχνικών κειμένων. Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο πλαίσιο διαθεματικής προσέγγισης των Ομίλων Μαθηματικών και Δημιουργικής Γραφής, ενώ ακολουθήθηκε η εξής διαδικασία: προηγήθηκαν η παρουσίαση μαθηματικών εννοιών, η άσκηση στη συγγραφή λογοτεχνικών κειμένων μικρής φόρμας και ακολούθησε η συγγραφή κειμένων (διήγημα, ποίημα). Επίσης κληθήκαμε να μεταπλάσουμε ποιήματα Ελλήνων ποιητών χρησιμοποιώντας όρους μαθηματικών και να γράψουμε αφηγήσεις μυθιστορηματικής βιογραφίας διάσημων μαθηματικών. Μέσω της διαδικασίας αυτής επιχειρήσαμε να δείξουμε πώς η μαθηματική σκέψη μπορεί να αποτελέσει στοιχείο έμπνευσης, αλλά και βασικό περιεχόμενο των διηγημάτων και των ποιημάτων που γράψαμε.

Effects of Gradient Concentration of Colchicine on Callus Induction and Differentiation ofRose rosea

To induce polypoid plants ofRosa rugosa tunb, the effect of the interaction between the concentration of colchicine and the treatment time on the callus induction and differentiation of R. rugosa tunb was studied using colchicine as the inducer. The colchicine immersion method was selected, and the callus of red Rosa rugosa tunb was immersed in colchicine of different concentrations for 2h, 4h, and 8h. The best culture medium for inducing callus was as follows: MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+9.0 g agar+30.0g sucrose. After cultivation, the callus was dense in texture, light green and obviously granular. After the callus was immersed in colchicine, the combination of different colchicine concentrations and treatment time had an interaction with the callus. Therefore, the best treatment method for polyploid-induced Rosa rugosa tunb polyploid should be higher colchicine combined with shorter processing time. This experiment can provide experimental basis and theoretical basis for cultivating Rosa rugosa tunbpolyploid plant with excellent traits, thereby increasing the content of essential oil in the plant itself.

Concrete Rose by Angie Thomas

Concrete Rose by Angie Thomas

The Papers that Influenced My Career: Creamer and Rose

The Papers that Influenced My Career: Creamer and Rose

As the Shadow Rises by Katy Rose Pool

As the Shadow Rises by Katy Rose Pool