Abrus Precatorius Research Articles

Exploring the Anti-Urolithiatic Potential of White Seeds from Abrus Precatorius Via In Vitro Investigations

Medicinal plants are a valuable aspect of local heritage with global importance, often used as remedies for various health conditions. Their therapeutic properties are linked to a wide variety of complex chemical compounds, particularly secondary metabolites, found in different plant parts. Identifying the specific components responsible for medicinal effects is essential. Phytochemicals, which are abundant in medicinal plants, are generally considered safer and less toxic compared to synthetic alternatives. In line with this understanding, the present research investigates the in vitro anti-urolithiatic potential of white seeds of Abrusprecatorius. The seeds were chosen for their possible role in treating urolithiasis. Phytochemical screening of the plant extract revealed the presence of compounds such as flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, proteins, glycosides, quinones, and tannins.Two In Vitro assays, Crystal Nucleation and Aggregation, were performed, both with and without inhibitors. The study tested various concentrations of plant extracts (50mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 150mg/ml, 200mg/ml, and 250mg/ml) using four solvents: water, ethanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether, to assess their effect on calcium oxalate (CaOX) crystal formation, which is a primary component of kidney stones.Among the extracts tested, the water extract showed the highest inhibition of nucleation (85%) at a concentration of 250mg/ml. Aqueous, ethanol, and chloroform extracts exhibited notable anti-urolithiatic activity across different concentrations. Crystal aggregation was assessed using a spectrophotometer, and the water extract demonstrated the highest inhibition (78%) at the same concentration. Additionally, the chloroform extract showed significant anti-urolithiatic activity.When comparing extracts, the chloroform extract at 500mg/ml was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of calcium oxalate crystals. Overall, the study highlights the potential of Abrusprecatorius white seed extracts in inhibiting calcium oxalate crystal nucleation, aggregation, and growth, suggesting their potential as a treatment for urolithiasis. These results underscore the value of these extracts as promising agents in managing kidney stones

The Optimization of Transparent Domes With Bionic Architecture Approach and Emphasizing on Providing Optimal Daylighting Using Crab Eye Structures

Statement of the problem. The hypothesis of this research is that it is possible to use the eye structure of aquatic animals, which performs well in low light conditions, to improve, optimize and introduce new daylighting systems. The intended transparent dome in this study is a double glass skin dome with placed modules between the two layers of dome to control daylighting. According to the natural structure investigated in this research, these modules are dynamic and variable in two fully open condition to receive maximum daylight in low dim light conditions (e.g., in the cloudy sky) and semi-closed in the completely sunny sky with intense radiation. Results and conclusions. What is intended as an independent variable in this research are: the opening width, and the shape of modules (square, hexagonal and triangular), the height of the modules and the rotation angle of the light reflecting panels of the modules. The dependent variables (appropriate illuminance and appropriate lighting distribution pattern) are investigated by Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). Radiance software have been used as daylight simulators. The results of this research include the optimal physical characteristics of the modules and the performance of variables on the illumination under the dome.

Antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity of compounds from some Nigerian plants

Ten compounds, six extracts and five fractions obtained from three Nigerian plants were assayed for their in vitro antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities. Each plant was extacted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Isolated compounds were characterized and identified based on their NMR chemical shifts and comparison to literature reports. The crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds were tested against the kinetoplastid parasites: bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei Lister 427WT and the derived multi-drug resistant clone B48, and promastigote forms of Leishmania mexicana cas9/T7 and the derived clone cas9ΔNT1. Column chromatography of the extracts using silica gel yielded ten compounds identified as curzerenone, epi-curzerenone, chloranthene F, isofuranodienone, 8(17)-12E-labdadiene-15, 16-dial and 15-hydroxy-8(17),12E-labdadiene-16-al from Siphonochilus aetiopicus, lupeol, linalolic acid and spinasterone from Calliandra portoricensis, and abruquinone B from Abrus precatorius. The assay results showed that the Siphonochilus aetiopicus and Calliandra portoricensis crude extracts, fractions and compounds displayed moderate activity against the Trypanosoma brucei brucei but showed less activity against Leishmania mexicana. Abrus precatorius crude extract, fraction, and isolated compound exhibited only weak trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities against both kinetoplastid parasites tested. These findings have provided evidence for the use of Siphonochilus aetiopicus and Calliandra portoricensis in traditional medicine relating to parasitic diseases.

Ethnopharmacological Insights into the Use of Chenopodium ambrosioides for Cough Treatment among Togolese Traditional Healers

Togo has an ethnobotanical potential with a great diversity of medicinal plants widely used to treat human diseases. Cough associated with respiratory diseases is one of the pathologies traditionally treated with medicinal plants in Togo. Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) is a species used in the traditional treatment of cough in Togo. The aim of this study was to document the ethnopharmacological uses of Chenopodium ambrosioides in Togolese traditional medicine for treatment of cough. An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted using the semi-structured interview method among Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) from six health districts spread across four health regions. The ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical data collected were analyzed using the User Value (UV) and Frequency of Citation (FC) of medicinal plants associated with the species. A total of 127 TMPs participated in this study and 96 (76%) of them were male and 31 (34%) were female. 73% of the informants claimed usually use Chenopodium ambrosioides in the cough treatment compared to 27% who claimed to not use it to treat cough. Chenopodium ambrosioides was used in combination with fifty-two (52) other botanical species in the treatment of cough and in the study area, Abrus precatorius Linn. (13.59%) followed by Ocimum gratissimum Linn. (11.58%), Zingiber officinale Rosc. Trans. Linn. (9.73%), Mangifera indica Linn. (6.21%), Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker (4.87%), Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. (4.36%) and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. (4.19%) were the most popular plants used for cough treatment among the plants recorded. Sixteen (16) other pathologies including pulmonary infections are also treated by Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.). Abscesses, intestinal parasitic diseases, incurable wounds, stomach aches and headaches are the most pathologies commonly treated by this plant. The whole plant (72%) and leaves (22%) are the primary parts utilized for medicinal purposes. Decoction (77.50%) is the main preparation method, with oral (80.83%) and cutaneous (10.83%) routes being the most common modes of administration. The findings from this study provide a solid ethnopharmacological foundation for future pharmacological and toxicological investigations into Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.).

Phytobioinformatics screening of ayurvedic plants for potential α-glucosidase inhibitors in diabetes management

The enzyme α-glucosidase in the small intestine regulates blood glucose levels and stimulates the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, increasing glucose levels in the body. Inhibiting this enzyme slows glucose digestion and absorption and as a result post-prandial blood glucose levels remain low, causing decreased insulin demand. Here, we investigated the ayurvedic antidiabetic plants and virtually screened an in-house library of 478 phytochemicals of these plants against the human α-glucosidase. We identified 11 secondary metabolites, including palmitic acid α-monoglyceride, (+)-(2 R)-6-propionyloxyethyl-4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavanone, Abruquinone E, and Aurantiamide Acetate, among others, showed stronger interactions with the receptor than the native ligand N-acetyl cysteine. Surprisingly, except one, all of these metabolites were from Abrus precatorius L. [Fabaceae] affirming its ethnopharmacological use against diabetes. The stability of the interactions between the ligands and receptor protein was evaluated through Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation trajectories including root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), H bonds, β-factor analysis, and binding energy calculation through MM/GBSA method. The efficacy of top metabolites in inhibiting α-glucosidase is depicted in pharmacophore analysis. A comprehensive pharmacokinetics analysis confirmed the druggability, safety, and efficiency of top drug candidates. Additionally, we predicted the interactions of these top metabolites within the biological system. The medicinal properties described in this study will help develop active drug candidates for therapeutic purposes. Further experiments are recommended to prove the effectiveness of these metabolites in inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme for exploring their potential in the treatment of diabetes.

Biosynthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticles using Abrus precatorius seed Extract: Analysis of photocatalytic, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities

The present investigation aims to examine the bio-route preparation of gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles using an aqueous seed extract of the Abrus precatorius plant. The bio-synthesized gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles (AP-Au-Ag NPs) were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 555 nm for Au, 433 nm for Ag, and 546 nm for the Au-Ag alloy indicates that bimetallic NPs have been formed. FTIR data provided evidence of functional groups such as OH, CO, and NH2 (proteins, flavonoids, and carbohydrates). When making a bimetallic Au-Ag alloy, carbohydrates are useful as a capping agent and proteins as a reducing agent. The AP-Au-Ag NPs’ stability was assessed by looking at their negative zeta potential value of −21.5 mV. The spherical-shaped crystalline alloy AP-Au-Ag NPs was produced with an average particle size of 10 nm. The TEM images verified the presence of polydispersity in the AP-Au-Ag NPs. The synthesized alloy nanoparticles have a potential cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 25 ± 1.5 μg/mL and the AP-Au-Ag NPs were found to be a good antibacterial agent against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. During visible light photocatalysis, ciprofloxacin was not removed after 60 min of exposure when employing materials made of a pure monometallic nanoparticle. However, the use of bi-metallic nanoparticles made of gold and silver resulted in the breakdown of over 90% of the ciprofloxacin into minerals. The produced bi-metallic nanoparticles, composed of Au-Ag showed exceptional catalytic efficiency. The gold-silver alloyed nanoparticles showed the most promise and efficiency when compared to others.

In Silico Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Leaves of Abrus precatorius L. (Rosary Pea) Against Breast Cancer.

Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer among women. Since the administration of chemotherapy drugs can cause several adverse effects, thus it leads to research on effective treatment from natural sources. Leaves of Abrus precatorius L., a member of the Fabaceae family,contain several medicinal properties. It has drawn interest as an anti-cancer agent since its leaves contain different phytochemicals that can cause apoptosis in a variety of cancer types. Methods A total of 97 compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate extract of A. precatorius leaves by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Of those, eight compounds were selected based on the percentage area above 2. Cheminformatics software such as Molinspiration (Molinspiration Cheminformatics free web services, Slovensky Grob, Slovakia) was used to predict the molecular properties and bioactivity. PASS software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, United States) was used to predict the scores of anticancer properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant, antineoplastic, and cytoprotective. Osiris Property Explorer software was used to determine pharmacokinetic profile and toxicity prediction, and molecular docking was performed to determine the binding affinity towards the receptors. Results Out of eight compounds, one was selected based on the scores of the above software, then docking studies were done by using AutoDock Vina 4.2.6 (Center for Computational Structural Biology, La Jolla, California, United States). The results were compared with the reference compound, 5-fluorouracil, and 1,4-dimethyl-4 pentenyl acetate was identified as the most promising active compound found in this study. It shows better binding affinity towards the progesterone receptor (-6.0)when compared to the reference compound. Conclusion Based on the results, it has been proved that 1,4-dimethyl-4 pentenyl acetate maybe used as an alternative for the management of breast cancer.

Documentation On Medicinal Plants of Khanapur Forest Bidar District, Karnataka

The present study was undertaken to document medicinal plants of Khanapur forest Bidar district, karnataka the documentation of medicinal plants helps to recognize the overall ecological conditions and gives profound understanding of the economic medicinal and traditional importance of medicinal plants diversity. The present research documentation work was started in November 2023 and completed in February 2024. The present study reported that 119 Medicinal plant species belongs to 54 families distributed in Khanapur forest Bidar included angiosperms Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Abrus precatorius, Ephedra, Withania sominifera, Catharanthus roseus, Tinospora cardifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus amarus, allium sativum, Cocos nucifera, Coleus aromaticus, Curcuma longa, Martynia annua, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia chebula,Tithonia diversifolia, Acalypha indica, Brassica juncea, Clitoria ternatea, Datura metal, Delonix elata, Euphorbia antiquorum, Luffa acutangula, Madhuca longifolia, Myristica fragrans, Santalum album and Vitex negundo are some of the important medicinal plants of Khanapur forest Bidar district of karnataka.

Effect of Saga Leaf Extract (Abrus precatorius Linn) in Inhibiting Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria Growth as an Alternative Root Canal Irrigation Material

Abstract Objective This study aims to examine the antibacterial effect of saga leaf extract on Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, which causes root canal treatment failure. Materials and Methods This research was conducted using a laboratory experimental method with saga leaf extract at 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% concentrations. Two percent chlorhexidine acts as the positive control, and 100% dimethyl sulfoxide as the negative control. The diameter of the inhibition zones was measured using the well diffusion test method. Statistical Analysis Data from the measurement of inhibition zone diameter were obtained and tested statistically using the normality test (Shapiro–Wilk), homogeneity test (Levene), parametric test (one-way analysis of variance), and further test (post hoc test). Results The largest inhibition zone diameter observed in this study was 9.46 mm at 100% concentration; however, it was not bigger than the positive control, which was measured at 16.55 mm. The research data were analyzed based on the classification of Davis and Stout inhibition zones. Conclusion This study concludes that saga leaf extract has an antibacterial effect on the growth of E. faecalis bacteria.

Evaluation of Chemical Composition among the Multi Colored Germplasm of Abrus precatorius L.

The medicinal plant Abrus precatorius L. was traditionally used in the Siddha and Ayurvedic systems of medicine in India. The Indian center of origin holds a vast variability in its seed color. The objective of this study was to assess the total monomeric anthocyanin, flavonol, as well as the antioxidative potential, protein content and ash content among the accessions. A total of 99 accessions conserved in the Indian National Genebank were used in this study. The methods used for the estimation of total monomeric anthocyanin, flavonol, as well as the antioxidative potential, protein content and ash content were the pH differential method, Oomah method, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential, Dumas method and gravimetric method, respectively. The completely black colored accession was recorded with highest total monomeric anthocyanin (51.95 mg/100 g of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent) and flavonol content (66.41 mg/g of quercetin equivalent). Red + black colored accessions have recorded the maximum value with respect to antioxidants (14.18 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). The highest amount of protein content was found in a completely white colored accession (20.67%) and the maximum ash content was recorded in red + black colored accession (4.01%). The promising accessions identified can be used by pharmaceutical companies in drug development and in curing degenerative diseases.

Documentation On Medicinal Plants of Deva Deva Vana Botanical Garden of Bidar District, Karnataka

The present study was undertaken to document medicinal plants of Deva Deva vana Botanical garden of Bidar district, karnataka. Deva Deva vana literally means ‘Forest of divine/celestial beings’ A Botanical garden maintained by the Forest department around 6 km from Bidar – Hyderabad Highway. It is home to around 200 medicinal plants and trees, and considered sacred. It is divided into around 10 gardens and a nursery which is classified according to a particular theme like Nandana vana, Ashoka vana, Navagraha vana, Rock Garden, shiva panchayath vana, Phala pushpa vana,..etc the documentation of medicinal plants helps to recognize the overall ecological conditions, conservation and gives profound understanding of the economic medicinal and traditional importance of medicinal plants diversity. The present research documentation work was started in February 2023 and completed in June 2024. The present study reported that 147 Medicinal plant species belongs to 64 families distributed and conserved in Deva Deva vana Botanical garden Bidar included angiosperms Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Abrus precatorius, Ephedra, Withania sominifera, Catharanthus roseus, Tinospora cardifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus amarus, allium sativum, Cocos nucifera, Coleus aromaticus, Curcuma longa, Martynia annua, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia chebula,Tithonia diversifolia, Acalypha indica, Brassica juncea, Clitoria ternatea, Datura metal, Delonix elata, Euphorbia antiquorum, Luffa acutangula, Madhuca longifolia, Myristica fragrans, Santalum album and Vitex negundo are some of the important medicinal plants of Deva Deva vana Botanical garden Bidar district of karnataka.

Methanol extract of Abrus precatorius seeds on reproduction indices, hepatorenal profiles in female albino rats

BackgroundAbrus precatorious is a member of the leguminous family with characteristic red and black seeds. The roots, leaves and seeds of this plant are used for different medicinal purpose. It principally carries flavonoids, triterpene glycosides, abrin and alkaloids. The plant had been mentioned for neuromuscular effects, neuro-protective, abortifacient, antiepileptic, anti-viral, antimalarial, antifertility, nephroprotective, immunomodulator, immunostimulatory properties, antiinflammatory activity, antidiabetic, and many others. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fertility activity of the methanol extract of Abrus precatorius seeds (APS) in female albino rats administered 45 and 50 mg/kg BW through oral gavage for 30 days. An Abrus precatorius seed (APS) was extracted (1:1 w/v) using methanol to obtain the crude extract. Liquid-liquid fractionation was performed on the crude methanol extract using solvents of different polarity.MethodsEighteen female rats were divided into three groups each containing six animals was used for this experiment. Group one (control), received 1 ml of saline solution, group two received 45 mg/kg and group three received 50 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage daily for a period of 30 days. At the end of the study, Body weight, Organ Weight, Estrous cycle, Hormonal Concentrations, Oxidative Stress Markers, Enzymatic Activities, Biochemical indices (Liver and Kidney panel) and Hematological parameters were also evaluated.ResultsConsequent upon the administration of A.precatorius seed methanol extract 45 and 50 mg/kg BW into the female rats resulted in changes pertaining to Body weight, Estrous cycle, Hormonal Concentrations, Antioxidant Enzymes, Serum Biochemical indices and Hematological indices significantly (p < 0.05) compared to control rats. Initial body weights are significantly (p < 0.05) indicated, whereas final weights were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Organ weight changes i.e. Ovary, Liver and Kidney weights were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in APS administered rats compared to control. Estrous cycle study i.e. time duration of Proestrus, Estrus, Metestrus and Diestrus (in days) was significantly prolonged. Hormonal Concentrations represented by FSH, LH, Prolactin, Estradiol were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, whereas Progesterone levels were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in APS administered female rats compared to control group of rats. All the antioxidant enzyme assayed CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GST were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, whereas MDA concentration was found to be increased significantly (p < 0.05). Enzymatic activities and biomolecules includes Cholesterol and Ascorbic acid contents were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but G6PDH and Δ5 − 3β-HSD activities were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in APS administered group of female rats compared to control group. Biochemical indices of liver tissue presented by Bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT, Albumin and Globulin were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) increased whereas Alkaline Phosphate and Total Protein contents were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. The biochemical indices of kidney, i.e. Urea and Creatinine were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and Uric acid and Calcium contents were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in APS administered female rats compared to control group of rats. Hematological parameters including RBC, Hb, ESR and Clotting Time were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) increased but WBC levels were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in APS administered female rats compared to control group of rats.ConclusionA. Precatorius seeds have anti-fertility effect on female rats.

Molecular docking and toxicity analysis of ribosome-inactivating protein and natural chemical compounds as promising antiretroviral candidates against HIV-1

Background: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) uses HIV-1 reverse transcriptase as the receptor to convert RNA into viral DNA. In addition, the CD4 receptor is also used by the virus to enter CD4+ T cells and subsequently replicate. Objective: To screen several proteins in Indonesian plants for the potential to bind to the CD4 receptor. Method: Molecular docking was carried out on Cluspro 2.0 specifically for protein to protein and MOE for protein to ligand. Results: The protein ligands were Cinnamomin III, Agglutinin, PAP, PAP-S, Momordin I, MAP30, Beta-luffin, Luffaculin I, Cucurmosin, DAP, Dianthin-30, Bouganin, Maize, Ricin, Abrin, Balsamin, and the bond energy values (Joules/kg.mol) were -602.8, -973.5, -511.3, -439.1, -532.2, -661.9, -487.0, -472.8, -530.9, -413.6, 444.1, -504.5, -617.2, -855.6, -883.9, -558.6, respectively. The best binding energy with CD4 was selected to identify the compound's molecule. These compounds were abrusin, abrusogenin, eicosadienoic acid, heneicosane, precatorine, and trigonelline, and the bond energy values (Joules/kg.mol) were -19.2158, -16.7057, -15.5155, -13.9632, -15.6119, and -9.2620, respectively. The toxicity test of abrusin was carried out against 18 targets, and two targets showed toxic activities. Conclusion: The content of RIP and natural chemical compounds in Abrus precatorius seeds make them the best candidate for antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1.

Understanding the efficiency of Shodhana, a classical drug detoxification technique that may increase safety in using three varieties of Abrus precatorius L. seeds-a toxic Schedule E1 drug used in various herbal formulations

BackgroundAbrus precatorius L. is a noxious vein native to south east asia and popularly called as Gunja in Ayurveda. The seeds of this plant are considered as a potent raw drug used in various herbal formulations such as Gunjadi tailam, Gunjagarbha rasa etc. and used to treat various ailments such as dermal disorders, cysts, snake poisoning and may other conditions. Before utilizing for the herbal formulations, the seeds are classically processed due to the presence of well reported toxic protalbumin named Abrin with the human fatal dose of 0.1–1 µg/kg. MethodsIn this work three varieties of Abrus precatorius L. seeds (Red, White and Black) were collected from the southern part of India and subjected for the detoxification process in order to analyze the efficiency of technique on different varieties of seeds. For processing the seeds, the classically fermented supernatant of rice gruel named kanjika was prepared and the pH was analyzed. Before and after processing, the seeds were analyzed for phytoconstituents with histochemistry technique and the hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared and qualitatively estimated for phytochemicals. The detoxification efficiency was analysed using HPTLC method by qualitative and quantitative estimation of Abrin levels by comparing with standard marker. Following that, cytotoxicity study was conducted against Vero (Healthy kidney) cell lines to ensure reduced toxicity in in-vitro conditions. ResultsThe process of Shodhana has changed the phytochemical levels in the processed seeds in comparison with unprocessed seeds in all three varieties. In connection to that, the extracts prepared with processed seeds have expressed lesser cytotoxicity and can be used as a drug with lesser side effects in whatever indications applicable. ConclusionIt is concluded that Shodhana with kanjika is efficient in processing all three varieties of Abrus precatorius seeds and is more effective in processing white seeds than the red and black varieties.

Various Media used to Detoxify Abrus precatorius - A Mini Review

Abrus precatorius, sometimes referred to as jequirity bean or rosary pea, is a tropical and subtropical plant species that is extensively scattered all over. It is highly dangerous because of the presence of abrin, an exceptionally toxic protein. A. precatorius is a poisonous plant with great traditional and pharmaceutical value; therefore, to safely utilize its potential benefits, detoxification techniques are required. This review methodically examines the numerous detoxification strategies used in various media to lessen A. precatorius’s toxicity. There are various methods employed to detoxify the seeds which include cow’s milk, cow’s urine, fermented rice water, lemon juice, etc. The possible applications of detoxified A. precatorius in conventional medicine, pharmaceuticals, and agro-industrial sectors are also reviewed in this paper. Additionally, the paper also emphasizes new developments and potential paths for detoxification research, highlighting the necessity of creative solutions to maximize detoxification effectiveness while protecting bioactive components

ANALISIS KETERKAITAN NETWORK PHAMACOLOGY SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER Abrus precatorius L. SECARA IN SILICO

Cancer remains a global health challenge, prompting extensive research efforts worldwide. Lung cancer, the second most diagnosed cancer, presents a particularly grim survival rate. In Indonesia, cancer incidence ranks significantly, with millions affected and hundreds of thousands succumbing to the disease annually. Traditional medicine persists as a preferred option among many, perceived as safer and more affordable. Abrus precatorius L., an ancient medicinal plant, holds promise in this regard, with a rich history of use and a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer properties. Employing in silico modeling and network pharmacology, this study explores the interaction between Abrus precatorius L. compounds and various proteins associated with cancer. Through bioinformatics tools and databases, 27 bioactive compounds are identified and their physicochemical properties assessed, ensuring adherence to pharmacological guidelines. The study predicts potential protein targets for Abrus precatorius L. compounds, revealing interactions with 453 proteins, including those implicated in cancer pathways. Further analysis using StringDB and DISEASES database establishes protein-protein interaction networks, highlighting key proteins like EGFR and TERT, pivotal in multiple cancer types. The study validates the compounds' adherence to Lipinski's Rule of Five, indicating their potential for pharmacological activity and oral absorption. False Discovery Rate (FDR) analysis confirms significant associations between Abrus precatorius L. compounds and various cancers, further underscoring their therapeutic potential. In conclusion, Abrus precatorius L. compounds, particularly targeting EGFR and TERT proteins, emerge as promising candidates for cancer treatment. Their diverse pharmacological activities and interactions with key cancer-related proteins pave the way for further exploration and development of these compounds as alternative medicinal agents. In vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate their efficacy, particularly in addressing the complexities of different cancer types. Ultimately, this research offers valuable insights into leveraging natural compounds for combating cancer, addressing a critical need in global healthcare.

Arthritis alleviation: unveiling the potential in Abrus precatorius macerated oil.

Aim: This study endeavors to explore the anti-arthritic effects of macerated oil derived from the plant's aerial parts. Methods: The macerated oil was prepared using maceration in coconut oil, and its phytochemical composition was elucidated using GC-MS. To assess its anti-arthritic activity, in-vitro studies were conducted using various assays. Results & conclusion: The macerated oil showed better antioxidant and anti-arthritic potential by in-vitro investigations. Molecular docking studies elucidated potential binding interactions between specific constituents of the oil and critical molecular targets implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis, further substantiating its therapeutic potential. The results demonstrated that Abrus precatorius macerated oil could ameliorate arthritis severity in a dose-dependent manner.

Interactions of HRLCMS-QTOF Detected Plant Metabolites of &lt;i&gt;Abrus precatorius&lt;/i&gt; L. Seeds with EGFR and the Effect of Classically Detoxification Process

Abrus precatorius L. is one of the most important medicinal plants with toxic principles which has been reported for many cases of poisoning throughout the globe. Shodhana is an important technique in Ayurveda which includes a set of procedures to detoxify the toxic herbal raw drugs. Hence three varieties of unprocessed and shodhana processed Abrus precatorius L. seeds were chosen and the hydro alcoholic extracts were prepared by maceration. These extracts were subjected to HRLCMS-QTOF analysis and the receptor-specific action of all the major components selected with the cutoff range of more than 0.2x106 counts was analyzed with GLIDE (Schrodinger 2021-1, maestro v13.6) software. Totally 570 molecules were identified in HRLCMS, and 299 molecules were docked against EGFR downloaded from the RCSB database with the crystal structure of 5XDK. The HRLCMS has revealed the presence of many unknown compounds in extracts and the major compounds identified were Indoleacrylic acid, PABA, Galangin 3- [galactosyl-(1-&gt;4), Chrysoeriol 7-O-neohesperidoside, gallic acid, calendoflaside, etc. In docking studies, the glide scores of the ligands were compared with the standard ligand 8JK and it was found that the compounds present in the extracts have shown good binding scores in comparison with the standard ligand. It is concluded that the shodhana processed seed extracts show a wide range of phytochemical variation and a notable in silico docking score and hence the raw drug after shodhana can be considered promising for research and development of cancer management therapies.

Study on the potential hypoglycemic flavonoids in Abrus precatorius leaves: purification process, quality profile and activity mechanisms by transcriptomics and network pharmacology

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between flavonoids in Abrus precatorius leaves (APL) and their hypoglycaemic effects, which have not been studied before. An efficient purification process, transcriptomics and network pharmacology analysis were applied for the first time. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of total flavonoids. The results showed that D101 resin was most suitable for purification of flavonoids of APL, which could increase its purity from 25.2% to 85.2% and achieve a recovery rate of 86.9%. The analysis of transcriptomics and network pharmacology revealed that flavonoids of APL could play a hypoglycaemic role by regulating 31 targets through AGE-RAGE and other signal pathways. Flavonoids of APL could exert hydroglycaemic effects by inhibiting AGEs, α-glucosidase and DPPH. This study provides a solid basis for hypoglycaemic product development and in-depth research of flavonoids in APL.

Abrus precatorius Leaf Extract Stimulates Insulin-mediated Muscle Glucose Uptake: In vitro Studies and Phytochemical Analysis.

Diabetes mellitus, linked with insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, is a leading cause of mortality. Glucose uptake through glucose transporter type 4, especially in skeletal muscle, is crucial for maintaining euglycaemia and is a key pathway targeted by antidiabetic medication. Abrus precatorius is a medicinal plant with demonstrated antihyperglycaemic activity in animal models, but its mechanisms are unclear.This study evaluated the effect of a 50% ethanolic (v/v) A.precatorius leaf extract on (1) insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and (2) related gene expression in differentiated C2C12 myotubes using rosiglitazone as a positive control, and (3) generated a comprehensive phytochemical profile of A.precatorius leaf extract using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to elucidate its antidiabetic compounds. A.precatorius leaf extract significantly increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and insulin receptor substrate 1 and Akt substrate of 160 kDa gene expression; however, it had no effect on glucose transporter type 4 gene expression. At 250 µg/mL A.precatorius leaf extract, the increase in glucose uptake was significantly higher than 1 µM rosiglitazone. Fifty-five phytochemicals (primarily polyphenols, triterpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids) were putatively identified, including 24 that have not previously been reported from A.precatorius leaves. Abrusin, precatorin I, glycyrrhizin, hemiphloin, isohemiphloin, hispidulin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, homoplantaginin, and cirsimaritin were putatively identified as known major compounds previously reported from A.precatorius leaf extract. A.precatorius leaves contain antidiabetic phytochemicals and enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in myotubes via the protein kinase B/phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway by regulating insulin receptor substrate 1 and Akt substrate of 160 kDa gene expression. Therefore, A.precatorius leaves may improve skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and hyperglycaemia. Additionally, it is a valuable source of bioactive phytochemicals with potential therapeutic use for diabetes.